Objective: Depression during pregnancy and post-partum is more prevalent in low-middle-income countries (LIMCs). The studies are scarce in these countries, especially in South-East Asia region. The aim of our study was to identify determinants of depression among post-partum mothers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 among 347 subjects living in three areas in Jakarta and Bogor city, Indonesia. A mother who gave birth within 4 to 16 weeks was included in this study. The perinatal depression (PND) and its determinant were assessed using a structured questionnaire and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Logistic regression with the level of significance of <0.05 were employed to measure the association between variables. Result: PND proportion was lower in suburb's area compared to the urban. Mothers who perceived their health status as poor health were more likely to develop PND compared to those who felt that their health is on the prime level (Odds ratio, OR= 3.81, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.7 -8.22, p=0.001). Psychological violence was also strongly correlated to PND. PND had a strong association to mother’s perception of her own health. Conclusion: PND has strong association with mother’s perceived health condition. This result supported previous studies, which suggest that physical health affects depression.

Objectives: This study investigated the determinants of depression in adolescents and young adults. Methods: The present study analyzed data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey (Riset Kesehatan Dasar; RISKESDAS). The study subjects were adolescents (15-17 years old) and young adults (18-24 years old). In total, 64 179 subjects were included. Univariable, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between youths’ characteristics, risky behavior, chronic disease, parents’ health, and youths’ depression. Results: The prevalence of depression was 5.1% in adolescents and 5.6% in young adults. The risk factors for depression in adolescents were being women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.89 to 4.30; p<0.001), an ex-smoker (aOR, 2.99; 95% CI, 2.10 to 4.25; p<0.001), or a current smoker (aOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.44; p<0.001); consuming alcohol (aOR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.33 to 3.01; p=0.001), having a chronic disease (aOR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.41 to 4.96; p=0.002); maternal depression (aOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.09; p<0.001); and paternal depression (aOR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.98 to 3.50; p<0.001). In young adults, the risk factors were being women (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.82 to 2.75; p<0.001) or an ex-smoker (aOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.67 to 3.67; p<0.001), consuming alcohol (aOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.09; p<0.001), maternal depression (aOR, 3.12; 95% CI, 2.54 to 3.84; p<0.001), and paternal depression (aOR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.17 to 3.63; p<0.001). Conclusions Being women, smoking, drinking alcohol, having a chronic disease, and having a parent with depression were crucial factors associated with youth depression. Mental health screening, prevention, and treatment should involve collaboration among primary healthcare, schools, universities, professionals, and families.