Humans ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology* ; Immunotherapy

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; therapy ; China ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Head* ; Neck*

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy* ; Humans

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by 2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oral mucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCC and OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC. Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitate comprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy* ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ; Mouth Neoplasms/therapy* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Tumor Microenvironment

Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/therapy*

Head and neck cancers comprise a heterogenous group of cancers that require a multidisciplinary approach. Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and, more recently, target therapy are often employed in various combinations in an attempt to eradicate both clinically apparent and occult disease. The role of chemotherapy in multimodality treatment for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, although firmly established, presents several unresolved issues. Concomitant platinum-based chemoradiation (CRT) is a standard treatment for unresectable, resectable but nonsurgically treated, and postoperative high-risk patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cetuximab administered concomitantly with radiotherapy has not been directly compared with CRT but offers a potential different approach using a noncytotoxic systemic agent. In recent years taxanes have been shown activity in head and neck cancers and are being incorporated into neo-adjuvant and concomitant chemotherapy regimens.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Drug Therapy* ; Head ; Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Neck ; Radiotherapy ; Taxoids ; Cetuximab

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive malignancy, is characterized by high morbidity and low survival rates with limited therapeutic options outside of regional surgery, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and irradiation. Increasing studies have supported the synergistic role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer advancement. The immune system, in particular, plays a key role in surveillance against the initiation, development, and progression of HNSCC. The understanding of how neoplastic cells evolve and evade the immune system whether through self-immunogenicity manipulation, or expression of immunosuppressive mediators, provides the foundation for the development of advanced therapies. Furthermore, the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host immune system have a detrimental effect on the TME promoting angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. This review provides a recent insight into the role of the key inflammatory cells infiltrating the TME, with a focus on reviewing immunological principles related to HNSCC, as cancer immunosurveillance and immune escape, including a brief overview of current immunotherapeutic strategies and ongoing clinical trials.
Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy* ; Humans ; Immune Evasion ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ; Tumor Microenvironment

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor affecting the head and neck region (Leemans et al., 2018). It is often diagnosed at a later stage, leading to a poor prognosis (Muzaffar et al., 2021; Li et al., 2023). Despite advances in OSCC treatment, the overall 5-year survival rate of OSCC patients remains alarmingly low, falling below 50% (Jehn et al., 2019; Johnson et al., 2020). According to statistics, only 50% of patients with oral cancer can be treated with surgery. Once discovered, it is more frequently at an advanced stage. In addition, owing to the aggressively invasive and metastatic characteristics of OSCC, most patients die within one year of diagnosis. Hence, the pursuit of novel therapeutic drugs and treatments to improve the response of oral cancer to medication, along with a deeper understanding of their effects, remains crucial objectives in oral cancer research (Johnson et al., 2020; Bhat et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2023; Ruffin et al., 2023).
Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism* ; Luteolin/therapeutic use* ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/drug therapy* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Cell Line, Tumor

Adenosquamous cell carcinoma of tonsil is a rare lesion of head and neck and is often misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. It has a very aggressive clinical pattern. We encountered a patient with an adenosquamous cell carcinoma of tonsil and performed various treatment modalities including surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy but the patient expired two years after the first diagnosis. Such case has never been reported earlier in Korea. Herein, we present this rare case with a review of related literature.
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Neck ; Palatine Tonsil