Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Sputum ; microbiology

OBJECTIVENoncystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis remains as a common health problem in Asia. Pathogens' distribution in airways of patients with non-CF bronchiectasis is important for doctors to make right decision.

DATA SOURCESWe performed this systematic review on the English language literatures from 1966 to July 2014, using various search terms included "pathogens" or "bacteria" or "microbiology" and "bronchiectasis" or "non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis" or "non-CF bronchiectasis" or "NCFB."

STUDY SELECTIONWe included studies of patients with the confirmed non-CF bronchiectasis for which culture methods were required to sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Weighted mean isolation rates for Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Stapylococcus aureus, Moxarella catarrhails were compared according to different methodology.

RESULTSThe total mean bacterial culture positive rates were 63%. For studies using sputum samples, the mean positive culture rates were 74%. For studies using BALF alone or BALF and sputum, it was 48%. The distributions of main bacterial strains were 29% for H. influenzae, 28% for P. aeruginosa, 11% for S. pneumoniae, 12% for S. aureus, and 8% for M. catarrhails with methodology of sputum. Meanwhile, the bacterial distributions were 37% for H. influenzae, 8% for P. aeruginosa, 14% for S. pneumoniae, 5% for S. aureus, and 10% for M. catarrhails with methodology of BALF alone or BALF and sputum. Analysis of the effect of different methodology on the isolation rates revealed some statistically significant differences.

CONCLUSIONSH. influenzae accounted for the highest percentage in different methodology. Our results suggested that the total positive culture rates and the proportion of P. aeruginosa from sputum and BALF specimens had significant differences, which can be used in further appropriate recommendations for the treatment of non-CF bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis ; microbiology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; microbiology ; Haemophilus influenzae ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; pathogenicity ; Sputum ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the influences of intervention on the abilities of detecting pulmonary tuberculosis cases in general hospitals.

METHODSWe selected 6 general hospitals at 3 different levels (A, B, and C). The intervened group included hospitals A1, B1, and C1, and the non-intervened group included hospitals A2, B2, and C2. The results after intervention were compared.

RESULTSThe report rate of pulmonary tuberculosis, sputum positive rate of reported cases, and sputum check rate of reported cases were significantly higher in hospital A1 than grouping hospital A2 (P = 0.000, P = 0.045, and P = 0.017, respectively). The report rate and sputum examination rate of reported cases were significantly higher in hospital B1 than grouping hospital B2 (P = 0.000, P = 0.024, respectively). The report rate and sputum examination rate of reported cases were significantly lower in hospital C1 than grouping hospital C2 (P = 0.000, P = 0.001, respectively). In hospital A1, the report rate, sputum positive rate of reported cases, and sputum check rate of reported cases were not significantly different before and after intervention (P = 0.182, P = 0.116, and P = 0.583, respectively). In hospital B1, the report rate were significantly different before and after intervention (P = 0.004), while the sputum positive rate of reported cases and sputum check rate of reported cases were not significantly different (P = 0.909, P = 0.052, respectively). In hospital C1, the report rate was significantly higher after intervention (P = 0.025). In hospital C2, the sputum check rate significantly increased (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSIntervention influences the hospitals abilities to detect pulmonary tuberculosis cases. However, more optimized and long-term intervention mechanism should be established to increase case detection rate of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis

China ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; isolation & purification ; Quality Control ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; microbiology

Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumoconiosis ; microbiology ; Sputum ; microbiology ; beta-Lactam Resistance ; beta-Lactamases ; analysis

Aged ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumoconiosis ; microbiology ; Sputum ; microbiology

Coal Mining ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumoconiosis ; microbiology ; Pseudomonas Infections ; microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology ; Sputum ; microbiology ; beta-Lactam Resistance

OBJECTIVETo present an integrated molecular biology dedicated system for tuberculosis diagnosis.

METHODSOne hundred and five sputum specimens from patients strongly suspected by clinical parameters of tuberculosis were studied by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, by cultivation on solid medium and by a balanced heminested fluorometric PCR system (Orange G3TB) that could preserve worker safety and produce a rather pure material free of potential inhibitors. DNA amplification was performed in a low cost tuberculosis termocycler-fluorometer. Produced double stranded DNA was flurometrically detected. The whole reaction was conducted in one single tube which would not be opened after adding the processed sample in order to minimize the risk of cross contamination with amplicons.

RESULTSThe assay was able to detect 30 bacillus per sample mL with 99.8% interassay variation coefficient. PCR was positive in 23 (21.9%) tested samples (21 of them were smear negative). In our study it showed a preliminary sensitivity of 94.5% for sputum and an overall specificity of 98.7%.

CONCLUSIONSTotal run time of the test is 4 h with 2.5 real working time. All PCR positive samples are also positive by microbiological culture and clinical criteria. Results show that it could be a very useful tool to increase detection efficiency of tuberculosis disease in low bacilus load samples. Furthermore, its low cost and friendly using make it feasible to run in poor regions.

Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; methods ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis ; diagnosis ; microbiology

No abstract available.
Automation, Laboratory/*methods ; Culture Media/*classification ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sputum/*microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pleural/*diagnosis

Sputum transportation from county-level to prefecture-level is an ideal strategy to cover the shortage of the laboratory capability in the resource-poor setting. Here, we firstly evaluated the feasibility of sputum transportation system in China by analyzing the culture and molecular diagnosis results from 1982 smear-positive patients with different delay in processing for culture. In this study, the total contamination rate was 2.32% and the total smear positive/culture negative (S+/C-) rate was 7.57%. We found that sputum specimens refrigerated for no more than 7 d before mycobacterial detection did not affect culture significantly. In addition, the invalid result rates among 0-3 d, 3-7 d, and 7+ d group were 3.63%, 3.14%, and 12.48%, respectively. Statistic analysis revealed that molecular diagnostic results while the invalid result rate of genechip for the specimen with more than 7 d delay was significantly higher (P<0.001). The refrigerators equipped in county laboratories, transport at low temperature and frequent transport services once a week will ensure the feasibility of sputum transportation system in China.
China ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Mycobacterium ; isolation & purification ; Specimen Handling ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Transportation