PURPOSE: This study was conducted to explore the perspectives of gender and role in the family for nurses' work-family balance. METHOD: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 married nurses having children, who were selected through convenience sampling and purposive sampling from November 1, 2011 to January 20, 2012. The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS: The common themes resulted from data analysis included following traditional gender roles, giving up any expectation of spouse's role, coordinating the division of family roles, and refusing to stick to gender roles. The age of nurse, family background of husband, and social-economic contexts were essential to explain the couple dynamics. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses who received private family support were stably leading a work-family balance, yet unable to change the gender structure of spouse for the work-family balance. On the other hand, young nurses who were unable to get any support, had a tendency of cooperating with their spouses and adopting more negotiable and pragmatic approach to work-family balance.
Child ; Gender Identity ; Hand ; Humans ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken in order to examine the factors related to sexual satisfaction in climacteric women. METHOD: This was a descripitive correlation study. The subjects were 544 women in climacteric stage. Data were analyzed a using of descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with a SPSS WIN11.0. RESULTS: The predictors of sexual satisfaction were age, education, marital status, family income, number of delivery, hormone therapy, body image, state anxiety, trait anxiety, spouse support. These factors explained 57.6% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: These finding suggest the need to develope nursing strategy to improve the sexual satisfaction in climacteric women. To improve the climacteric women's sexual satisfaction, the above major influencing factors should be considered.
Anxiety ; Body Image ; Climacteric* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Sex Factors ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic

The purpose of the descriptive correlation study was to examine relations among the hope, the burden and the family function in mothers caring for children with cancer. 145 mothers completed the three questionaires of the study divided into tree sections: a) The Hope Scale, b) The Burden Scale, c) FACES-lll. The collected data was analysed with t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows: 1) The average age of mothers of children with cancer was 35.6 years old and the ages between 30 to 39 were the most abundant. 57.3% of the mothers had an education level of below high school education and 66.0% had religion. The average age of the children was 8.6 years old. Ages between 1 to 7 were the most and 60.8% were diagnosed as leukemia. 2) Regarding the section of degree of burden, mothers of children with cancer marked 2.6 out of 5, and the degree of hope 3.2 out of 4. The result for family function came out to be 3.5 out of 5, an average of family cohesion of 3.9 and family adaptation of 3.1. 3) There were significantly less burden to the mothers who were living together with a spouse compared to the mothers who were not. Also mothers who replied that they preserved good health came out to be exposed to less burden compared to the mothers who did not. In analysing hope according to the general characteristics of mothers of children with cancer, mothers who were employed marked high in the degree of hope compared to unemployed mothers. Furthermore, the degree of family cohesion marked higher with mothers who had higher education of college graduate, mothers with religion and mothers with a monthly family income of over W3,000,000, compared to the group of mothers with lower education of high school graduate, non-religious or with a monthly family income of less than W1,000,000. 4) Excluding the fact that the group sorted with children diagnosed as leukemia marked a perceivably high score regarding family cohesion, compared to groups with other cancers, the degree of burden, hope and family cohesion did not show any noticeable difference according to characteristics of children with different cancers. 5) In the correlation of the hope, the burden and the family function regarding the mothers of children with cancer, the burden did not have any manifest relationship with hope or family function. However, the degree of hope and family function cohesion had a direct proportional relationship, as family cohesion marked higher when the degree of hope were high.
Child* ; Education ; Hope* ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Mothers* ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health

The purpose of this study was to generated a grounded theory of how families with kidney donor or recipient copel with kidney transplantations. Interview data from twelve familes involved in didney transplants was analyzed using the grounded theory method. Data analysis revealed that "protecting the family" was the main theme that represented family member experiences. In order to maintain family function and to protect the family from breaking up, family members had to adjust the family structure from the traditional style of a husband-centered family, to one that was patient health-centered. the process of this adjustment was a very long and difficult one, taking several years from the recognition of the kidney disease to the kidney transplants. Family members, especially spouses, employed nine different strategies to deal with various problems and conflicts which occurred during the process : 1) paying attention to the patient's illness and complications ; 2) accepting the patients's illness as the family's illness as well ; 3) managing the patient's illness and complications that occurred ; 4) being thrifty ; 5) supporting the kidney donor ; 6) accepting and replacing the lost roles of the patient ; 7) keeping composure and encouraging the patient ; 8) sustaining the patient's independence ; 9) self-restraining sexual desires.
Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic ; Tissue Donors*

It was assumed that the maternal identity in primigravida is one of the most attribute of the motherhood, that is not biological but cognitive phenomena, appears active process as intelligent human being. The purposes of this study were that the identification the cognitive structure and the influencing factors of the maternal identity in primigravida. Theoretical framework in this study, maternal identity in primigravida was constructed as a cognitive output, has the cognitive structure of cognitive output, has cognitive structure of cognitive-perceptual factor, cognitive-behavioral factor, and cognitive-emotional factor. Influencing factors of maternal identity was constructed as a cognitive input, which were pregnancy related perceptions(pregnancy intention, minor discomfort, value of motherhood), interpersonal relationship(relationship with mother, relationship with husband, relationship with social network), preparation to motherhood(maternal knowledge, antenatal, self care), and biological factor(gestation period). This study was to descriptive correlational research design, was done from the 3rd January to the 15th March 1996, and the research subjects were selected conveniently 226 the primigravida during the gestation period, data collection method was self reported questionnaire cross-sectionally. Descriptive data analysis was done SAS PC+, testing the hypothetical model was done by covariance structural analysis using LISREL 8.03 program. The result of the hypothesis testing, the value of motherhood(gamma=.650, T=4.26) the maternal knowledge(gamma=.137, T=2.030), the gestation period(gamma=.113, T-2.621), showed significant causal effect on the maternal identity in primigravida. In conclusion, the maternal identity in primigravida had interrelated cognitive structure consist of perceptual, behavior, and emotional factors. Significant causal factors influencing the maternal identity were value identified. It seems to contribute toward the understanding the characteristics of the maternal identity as a cognitive domains that has been regarded highly abstract concept, so has not been validated empirically.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Intention ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Research Design ; Research Subjects ; Self Report ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the relationship of malnutrition, social network and health-related quality of life and to investigate the main factors influencing health-related quality of life in elders. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 196 elders. Data analysis was done using SPSS 18.0 pc+ program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The average score for health related quality of life was 3.33 (SD=0.86). Differences in health-related quality of life were statistically significant according to age, gender, occupation, presence of spouse, monthly income, source of income, economic status, medicine, and existence of chronic disease. Health-related quality of life was significantly correlated with malnutrition and social network. Major factors affecting health related quality of life for elders were malnutrition, occupation, age, social network, and economic status which explained 52.0% of the variance in health related quality of life. CONCLUSION: Findings provide a basis for developing nursing interventions to improve health-related quality of life. Future studies are needed a wide variety of variables that might influence health-related quality of life in elders.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Occupations ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Design ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of husband and wife compatibility and self efficacy on health promotion behavior and define the main factors influencing health promotion behavior in middle aged women. METHOD: Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 311 middle aged women. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, Stepwise multiple regression with SAS package were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean score of husband and wife compatibility was 3.55(+/-.56), self efficacy was 3.51(+/-.54), and total health promotion behavior was 2.91(+/-.37), with scores for subcategories as follows: interpersonal support 2.86(+/-.59), self-actualization 2.74(+/-.56), nutrition 2.56(+/-.63), health responsibility 2.32(+/-.60), stress management 2.28(+/-.51), and exercise 1.87(+/-.74). Husband and wife compatibility, and self efficacy were positively related to health promotion behavior and all subcategories of health promotion behavior. Also husband and wife compatibility were positively related to self efficacy. The major factors that affect health promotion behavior in middle aged women were husband and wife compatibility, self efficacy, economic level, and religion, which explained 32.6% of health promotion behavior. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that health promotion behavior may be increased through interventions directed at improving the husband and wife compatibility.
Female ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Marriage ; Middle Aged* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Efficacy ; Spouses* ; Statistics as Topic

Reproductive health (RH) education and services of female migrants in China have become an important health issue. This research aimed to investigate the RH knowledge and utilization among married female migrants, and to explore the influencing factors from the perspectives of population and sociology. We conducted a cross-section survey in Shenzhen and Wuhan, China, using the purposive sampling method. A total of 1021 rural-to-urban married migrants were recruited, with 997 valid survey results obtained. A face-to-face structured questionnaire survey was used, with primary focus on knowledge of fertility, contraception, family planning policy and sexual transmitted diseases/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (STD/AIDs), and RH service utilization. The results showed that the RH service utilization (38.0%) was at a low level in married migrants and the accessibility of RH service was poor. Females who migrated to (OR=0.32) Wuhan obtained fewer RH consultations than those in Shenzhen. The workers with high school education received additional RH consultations and checkup services than those with other background education, apart from the white collar workers who received extra RH consultations and checkup services than the blue collar workers (P<0.05). We can draw a conclusion that the utilization of RH services in married female migrants remains at a low level in China. RH service utilization can be improved via the relevant health departments by enhancing the responsibility of maternal and health care in the community health service center.
Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Cities ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Reproductive Health Services ; utilization ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Spouses ; statistics & numerical data ; Transients and Migrants ; statistics & numerical data

PURPOSE: This study aimed to understand and describe the caring experiences of spouses of elderly people with dementia. METHODS: The hermeneutic phenomenological method was used and participants were 12 spouses aged 65 and over who were taking care of their husbands or wives with dementia at home. Data were collected from individual in-depth interviews on participants' actual caring experiences. Additionally, novels, movies, and memoirs on elderly couples with partner who had dementia were included as data for the analysis. The qualitative data analysis software program was used to manage and process the collected qualitative data. Data were analyzed using hermeneutic phenomenological analysis based on four fundamental existentials including lived body, lived space, lived time, and lived others. RESULTS: Five essential themes emerged from the analysis: 1) body moving like an old machine, 2) swamp of despair filling with hope, 3) sweet time after bitterness, 4) disappointed elderly couple in the empty nest, and 5) unappreciation vs. empathetic feelings. These essential themes were comprehensively summarized as “the road leading to the maturation of life with dedication and hope while bearing the weight of caring based on the couple's relationship.” CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the nature of the caring experience of spouses of elderly individuals with dementia is filled with many dynamic and paradoxical dimensions. Thus, results of the study would help with developing interventions tailored specifically for elderly spouse caregivers to support their role adaptation and ultimately improving their quality of life.
Aged* ; Caregivers ; Dementia* ; Family Characteristics ; Hermeneutics* ; Hope ; Humans ; Methods ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Qualitative Research ; Quality of Life ; Spouses* ; Statistics as Topic ; Wetlands

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of sterilization in South Korea. METHODS: This study was based on the data from the Korea National Fertility Survey carried out in the year 2000 by the Korea Institute of Health and Social Affairs. The subjects of the analysis were 4,604 women and their husbands who were in their first marriage, in the age group of 15-49 years. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Consistent with the findings of previous studies, the woman's age and the number of total children increased the likelihood of sterilization. In addition, the year of marriage had a strong positive association with sterilization. Interestingly, the number of surviving sons tended to increase the likelihood of sterilization, whereas the woman's education level and age at the time of marriage showed a negative association with sterilization. Religion, place of residence, son preference, and the husband's education level, age and type of occupation were not significant determinants of sterilization. CONCLUSIONS: The sex of previous children and lower level of education are distinct determinants of sterilization among women in South Korea. More studies are needed in order to determine the associations between sterilization rate and decreased fertility.
Adolescent ; Adult ; *Decision Making ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spouses/psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; *Sterilization, Reproductive