Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Staff, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Staff, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Sports ; statistics & numerical data

BACKGROUNDAppropriate planning and staffing for medical services at large-scale athletic events is essential to provide for a safe and successful competition. There are few well-documented accounts describing the demand for such services. The present study provided the data from the Beijing 2008 Olympics and Paralympics, with a view to provide the guidance for planning future events.

METHODSA total of 22 029 and 8046 patients, who received medical care from a physician at an Olympic or Paralympic medical station, were included. The patient proportion among different personnel, various disease proportions at different kinds of venues, and the disease spectrum at specified venues at the Olympics and Paralympics were analyzed.

RESULTSAt both games, the patient proportion varied by accreditation status. The staff accounted for the largest number of visits at the Olympics (44.83%) and Paralympics (36.95%), with respiratory diseases the most common. Various disease spectrums were discovered at the different kinds of venues. Surgical diseases were the most frequently listed reason for visits, both at competition and non-competition venues, especially during the Paralympics. The sport-related injuries accounted for a majority of the surgical cases during both games. At training venues, ear nose and throat diseases accounted for the greatest number of visits during both games.

CONCLUSIONSDuring both games, people contracted different diseases at different venues. Adequate surgeons should be designated to offer assistance mostly in trauma situations. Appropriate numbers of physicians in respiratory diseases and otorhinolaryngology is of great importance.

Anniversaries and Special Events ; China ; Emergency Medical Services ; utilization ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; Public Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Sports

OBJECTIVETo obtain the incidence rate of injury in primary and middle school students in China, so as to provide basic information for the development of prevention and control strategy.

METHODSSystematic review was applied to summarize the published data. After strict inclusion and exclusion, 42 eligible articles were included for analysis.

RESULTSA total number of 259 994 subjects was studied with 79 995 persons, 127 978 person-time involved in different kinds of injuries with the total incidence rate of 30.77% by person and 49.22% by person-time, respectively. The incidence rates of injury were not statistically significant between primary and middle schools (t = -1.752, P = 0.110) or at different places (F = 1.890, P = 0.120). However, significant differences were found between boys and girls (t = 5.998, P = 0.000). The top three injuries were caused by fall, hurt during sports activities and transportation vehicles.

CONCLUSIONResults from the systematic review indicated that the majority of injuries were fall, hurt during sports activities and transportation vehicles among primary and middle school students in China. In order to reduce the incidence of injury, health education and improvement of environment should be particularly strengthened in the future. Injury; Incidence rate; Primary and middle school students in China. In order to reduce the incidence of injury, health education and improvement of environment should be particularly strengthened in the future.

Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Sports ; Students ; statistics & numerical data ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo understand the epidemiological characteristics of head injuries in children.

METHODSData was derived from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) in 2014. Method on descriptive analysis was applied to depict general information, injuries events and clinical characteristics of head injuries among children under 18 years of age.

RESULTSA total number of 47 690 cases with child head injuries in 2014 were collected, including 32 542 males and 15 148 females. 43.47% of them were under 1-4 years of age. In October, 06:00 PM appeared the peak time for the injuries to happen. The three leading causes responsible for child head injuries were falls (69.57%), hit by blunt force (14.23%) or road traffic (11.01%). Main locations responsible for the head injuries to happen were:at home (44.98%), at public places (19.65%) or on roads/streets (15.81%). Recreation activates (77.88%), driving (7.32%), sports (5.72%) were the three major activities causing the injuries to take place. Majority of the cases happened unintentionally (95.35%), with bruise (71.69%) or mild injuries (85.27%) and went back home after treatment (90.25%).

CONCLUSIONSIn 2014, child head injuries were seen more in males than in females and mostly occured at home. The leading causes for head injuries would include falls, hit by blunt stuff or road traffic .

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; statistics & numerical data ; Automobile Driving ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; epidemiology ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Recreation ; Sports ; Transportation ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Among former Olympic-level athletes, engagement in different sport disciplines has been associated with mortality risk in subsequent years. However, limited evidence is available on whether engagement in different sport disciplines at a young age is associated with locomotive syndrome (LS) risk later in life. This study examined the relationship between engagement in different sport disciplines during university years and LS risk in older age among former university athletes. METHODS: Participants were 274 middle-aged and 294 older men alumni who graduated from a school of physical education in Japan. LS risk was defined as answering "yes" to any of the Loco-check questions. Data on university sports club membership were collected using questionnaires. University clubs were classified into three groups of cardiovascular intensity (low, moderate, high), following the classification system of sport disciplines by the American College of Cardiology. This classification considers the static and dynamic components of an activity, which correspond to the estimated percent of maximal voluntary contraction reached and maximal oxygen uptake achieved, respectively. University clubs were grouped based on the risk of bodily collision (no, yes) and extent of physical contact (low, moderate, high). Relationships between engagement in different sport disciplines and LS risk were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, and adjusted for age, height, weight, joint disease, habitual exercise, and smoking and drinking status. RESULTS: Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals associated with the low, moderate, and high cardiovascular intensity sports were 1.00 (reference), 0.48 (0.22-1.06, P = 0.070), and 0.44 (0.20-0.97, P = 0.042) in older men, respectively; however, there was no significant association between these parameters among middle-aged men. Engagement in sports associated with physical contact and collision did not affect LS risk in either group. CONCLUSIONS Engagement in sports associated with high cardiovascular intensity during university years may reduce the risk of LS in later life. Encouraging young people to participate in such activities might help reduce LS prevalence among older populations.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Athletes/statistics & numerical data* ; Exercise ; Geriatric Assessment ; Humans ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Locomotion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mobility Limitation ; Motor Disorders/etiology* ; Postural Balance ; Prevalence ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; Sports/statistics & numerical data* ; Syndrome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify the factors that affect the progress of a traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-eight patients (246 shoulders) with a traumatic anterior dislocation were enrolled in this study. The mean age at the time of surgery was 25 years (range, 14 to 47 years). There were 214 men and 24 women. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-four shoulders (67%) were younger than 20 years at the time of the first dislocation. Patients younger than 20 years showed a shorter interval of redislocation (p = 0.001) and a higher frequency of dislocation (p = 0.001). Athletic patients experienced their first dislocation at a younger age (p = 0.023) and showed a shorter interval of redislocation (p = 0.001) than their non-athetic counterparts. The incidence of classic and non-classic Bankart lesions was unaffected by age at the time of the first dislocation, interval between the first and second dislocation or the frequency of dislocation. Patients with bony Bankart lesions had a higher frequency of dislocation (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The age at the time of the first dislocation and athletic activity were related to early redislocation and a high frequency of dislocation. Bony Bankart lesions were observed more often in patients with a higher frequency of dislocation. Early surgical treatment is a good option for young athletic patients with a bony Bankart lesion and a short interval between the first and second dislocation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology/*pathology/surgery ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Dislocation/epidemiology/etiology/*pathology/surgery ; Sports ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Korea with respect to dilemmas of participating in sports with regards to the facilitators and barriers, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). METHODS: The facilitators and barriers to sports participation of individuals with SCI were examined using 112 ICF categories. A questionnaire in dichotomous scale was answered, which covered the subjects 'Body functions', 'Body structures', 'Activity and participation' and 'Environmental factors'. Data analysis included the use of descriptive statistics to examine the frequency and magnitude of reported issues. RESULTS: Sixty-two community-dwelling participants were recruited. Frequently addressed barriers in 'Body functions' were mobility related problems such as muscle and joint problems, bladder and bowel functions, pressure ulcers, and pain. In 'Activity and participation', most frequently reported were mobility and self-care problems. Highly addressed barriers in 'Environmental factors' were sports facilities, financial cost, transportation problems and lack of information. Relationships such as peer, family and friends were the most important facilitators. CONCLUSION: Numerous barriers still exist for SCI survivors to participate in sports, especially in the area of health care needs and environmental factors. Our results support the need for a multidisciplinary approach to promote sports participation.
Athletes* ; Consumer Participation ; Delivery of Health Care ; Friends ; Humans ; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health ; Joints ; Korea ; Pressure Ulcer ; Self Care ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Sports* ; Statistics as Topic ; Survivors ; Transportation ; Urinary Bladder