Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; etiology ; immunology ; Male ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Spleen ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology

Spleen kidney Yang deficiency (SKYD) diarrhea is a common syndrome in tranditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Until now, there is not an ideal SKYD diarrhea rat model for the research. In this study, we compared single factor way (method I, injecting hydrocortisone and gavaging Sennae Folium) with compound factors way(method II, gavaging adenine, improper diet, exhaustion, and gavaging Sennae Folium) on establishing SKYD diarrhea rat model. After modelling, diarrhea index, D-xylose excretory rate, NOS/cGMP signal transduction system, organ index and histopathology examination were used to evaluate the two ways. The results showed that, compared with health group, all the assessment criterias of method I and method II had significant differences (P < 0.01, 0.05). In addition, the index such as diarrhea index, NOS/cGMP signal transduction system, organ index (kidney, testis and thymus) and histopathology examination had significant differences (P < 0.01, 0.05) between method I and method II. In conclusion, the compound factors modelling method better conforms to the symptom of diarrhoea model caused by SKYD. This new modelling method provides a basis for studying on TCM astringents warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney, relieving diarrhea.
Animals ; Diarrhea ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Xylose ; metabolism ; Yang Deficiency ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

Aged ; Female ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Spleen ; chemistry ; pathology ; surgery ; Splenectomy ; Splenic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Hemosiderin deposition is not often recognized on routine examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining; however, iron stains may be helpful in the evaluation of hemosiderin deposition in infant autopsies. This report describes the data obtained from autopsy of 86 infants and children whose deaths were investigated at the Forensic Medicine Council Bursa Morgue Department from January 2000 to January 2003. A histochemical technique was used to identify hemosiderin in lung, liver and spleen specimens, which was correlated with other descriptive variables such as the reported cause of death, postmortem interval, trauma history, gender, and age. There was a weakly positive but significant correlation between lung and liver hemosiderin scores (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, rho=0.348, p=0.001); i.e., given an increase in lung hemosiderin scores, an increase in liver hemosiderin scores was also observed. Similarly, a marked positive correlation between spleen and liver hemosiderin scores (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, rho=0.335, p=0.002) was observed. The probability of spleen hemosiderin-positive cases belonging to the age group under 6 months was found to be 4.3 times greater than those who were hemosiderin-negative (95% confidence interval, 1.6-11.8). After the major differential diagnoses were ruled out, this study demonstrated, that depending on the statistically assessed morphometric grounds, the presence of hemosiderin deposits in the liver and spleen were significantly higher in the age group under 6 months.
Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; *Forensic Pathology ; Hemosiderin/*metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver/pathology ; Lung/*pathology ; Macrophages/*pathology ; Male ; Spleen/pathology

After treating with chemotherapy or immunosuppressant, malignant diseases of hematopoietic system such as leukemia, malignant lymphoma and aplastic anemia usually induced severe infection such as sepsis. Sepsis which is hard to be diagnosed causes high death rate. This study was purposed to establish an experimental sepsis mouse model so as to provide a basis for pathogenesis and intervention study. A classic caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to establish experimental sepsis model. ELISA was used to detect levels of C5a, IL-6, TNFalpha, and IFN-gamma. Flow Cytometry was applied to measure apoptosis of lymphocytes in thymus and mesentery. The pathologic changes of thymus and spleen were confirmed by HE staining. The results showed that almost 70%-80% mice died at 72 hours after CLP. Only approximate 20% animal survived during finite time, mice in CLP group had significant weight lose. Meanwhile large release of different inflammatory mediators which are related with sepsis (C5a, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma) was observed after CLP. Apoptosis of lymphocytes in thymus and mesentery lymphonodus was enhanced markedly after CLP. Significantly pathologic injury was also observed in thymus and spleen. It is concluded that a mouse model of experimental sepsis was successfully established by caecal ligation and puncture which can well mimic the clinical symptom of sepsis. The experimental sepsis mouse model provides an excellent tool for exploring the pathogenesis and intervention ways for sepsis accompanied with complicated malignant hematological diseases in vivo.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cecum ; injuries ; Complement C5a ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Sepsis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Spleen ; pathology ; Thymus Gland ; pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to observe the postmortem degradation process in mechanical asphyxiated rat's liver and spleen for providing a new method of estimating PMI. METHODS: Rats were sacrificed by mechanical asphyxia and cadavers were kept at (20 +/- 2) degrees C in a control chamber. The liver and spleen were sub-sampled from the same rat at intervals of 0-15 days postmortem and the data were measured by FTIR spectrometer. The different absorbance (A) ratios of peaks were calculated and the curve estimation analysis between absorbance ratios (x) and PMI (y) were performed to establish mathematical models by the statistical software. RESULTS: The band absorbance ratios showed increase, decrease and stable with PMI. The cubic model functions showed the strongest correlation coefficient. Compared with the spleen, the liver showed a higher correlation coefficient. The A1541/A1396 of liver showed the highest correlation coefficient (r=0.966). After 6-7 days postmortem, band absorbance ratios showed a steady period. CONCLUSION FTIR spectroscopy can be a new and efficient method to estimate PMI within 7 days.
Animals ; Asphyxia/metabolism* ; Autopsy ; Cadaver ; Forensic Pathology/methods* ; Liver/pathology* ; Models, Theoretical ; Postmortem Changes ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regression Analysis ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Spleen/pathology* ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: To compare the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) between brain and peripheral organs after cerebral contusion in order to provide the scientific theoretical basis for forensic pathological diagnosis and wound age estimation. METHODS: Brain and peripheral organs including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney tissues of 45 SD rats after the cerebral contusion were obtained and TNF-alpha of these tissues were analyzed with immunohistochemistry methods. RESULTS: TNF-alpha was detected at 1 h in brain, reaching maximum at 6 h and 3 d after the cerebral contusion, and then decreased but still kept at high expression level at 7 d. TNF-alpha was detected at 1 h after the cerebral contusion in heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues. The number of cells expressing TNF-alpha increased gradually, reaching maximum at 3 d after the contusion of brain, and then decreased but still kept at high expression level at 7 d. CONCLUSION Besides the change of cerebral contusion, this study considered both the brain and peripheral organs. It is helpful for forensic pathological diagnosis and wound age estimation after contusion of brain.
Animals ; Brain/metabolism* ; Brain Injuries/pathology* ; Contusions/pathology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney/metabolism* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Lung/metabolism* ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen/metabolism* ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To find whether Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 take part in the pathophysiological mechanism of tetramine toxification. METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control group, the sham poisoned group, high dose poisoned group, low dose poisoned group. High dose poisoned group were administered 1.0 mg/kg weight body tetramine by mouth, however low dose poisoned group was administered tetramine 0.1 mg/kg weight body by mouth. The rats of the sham poisoned group were administered water, and rats of normal control group were given nothing. Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry staining and the results were assessed by image analysis system. RESULTS: The expressions of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in all organs were similar, ie, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 expressed obviously in all organs of high dose poisoned group; in all organs of low dose poisoned group, they were hardly detected at 30 min after administration, however, at 3 h after administration, they could be detected obviously; Bcl-2 got to peak at 6 h-3 d after administration and Caspase-3 got to peak at 24 h-3 d after administration. CONCLUSION Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 take part in the pathophysiological procedure of tetramine poisoned rats.
Animals ; Bridged-Ring Compounds/poisoning* ; Caspase 3/metabolism* ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney/pathology* ; Liver/pathology* ; Lung/pathology* ; Male ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism* ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen/pathology* ; Time Factors

Animals ; Lung ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Spleen ; immunology ; pathology ; fas Receptor ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo identify the differentially expressed genes associated with hypersplenism in patients with portal hypertension.

METHODSThe total RNA were extracted from the macrophages isolated from normal spleen and the spleen of patients with portal hypertension and reversely transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of fluorescent (cy3 and cy5)-labeled dCTP to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization of Biostar-H140s chip containing 14,112 spots of cDNAs with the prepared probes, the gene chip was scanned for fluorescence intensity to screen the differently expressed genes. Three gene chips were used for hybridization and only the genes with differential expression in all the three chips were considered to associate with hypersplenism in patients with portal hypertension.

RESULTSTotaling 896, 1330 and 898 genes were identified to be differentially expressed by the three chips, respectively, and 121 genes (0.86%) showed differential expression in all the three chips, including 21 up-regulated known genes and 73 down-regulated known genes. The differently expressed genes were functionally related with ion channels and transport proteins, cyclins, cytoskeleton, cell receptors, cell signal transduction, metabolism, immunity, and so forth. These genes might be involved in hypersplenism in the condition of portal hypertension.

CONCLUSIONcDNA microarray-based screening of differentially expressed genes in the macrophages in the spleen may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of hypersplenism in patients with portal hypertension.

Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Hypersplenism ; etiology ; genetics ; Hypertension, Portal ; complications ; genetics ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Spleen ; metabolism ; pathology