The study was carried out on 150 people who were divided into 3 groups: adults, nervous breakdown, and high blood pressure patients with relaxation training at the Hospital of Traditional Medicine. Following indicators: pressure, heart rhythm, and limb’s blood circulation at three points of time: before and after 30 minutes, and after 8 weeks of training. Result showed that: the traditional relaxation training decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rhythm, extended RR and QT time, increased limb’s blood circulation (changes of the indicators still in permitted ranges)
Medicine, Traditional ; Splanchnic Circulation

Portal hypertension is responsible for most of the complications associated with liver cirrhosis, including variceal hemorrhage, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. It has become clear that a decrease in portal pressure can prevent or manage these serious complications. Until now, the pharmacotherapy of portal hypertension has focused on agents that reduce splanchnic blood flow, such as non-selective beta blockers and splanchnic vasoconstrictors. However, recent advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of portal hypertension have directed future treatment towards modulating the increased intrahepatic vascular resistance, in addition to managing the splanchnic circulation. Consequently, agents that modulate either the hyperdynamic circulation or angiogenesis are new therapeutic targets for managing portal hypertension. Several have been developed or are under investigation. To incorporate these pharmacologic approaches into clinical practice, data on patient-oriented outcomes are needed.
Ascites ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Portal Pressure ; Splanchnic Circulation ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Female ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Microcirculation ; physiology ; Rats ; Splanchnic Circulation ; physiology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Portal hypertension (PHT) is associated with hemodynamic changes in intrahepatic, systemic, and portosystemic collateral circulation. Increased intrahepatic resistance and hyperdynamic circulatory alterations with expansion of collateral circulation play a central role in the pathogenesis of PHT. PHT is also characterized by changes in vascular structure, termed vascular remodeling, which is an adaptive response of the vessel wall that occurs in response to chronic changes in the environment such as shear stress. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, also occurs with PHT related in particular to the expansion of portosystemic collateral circulation. The complementary processes of vasoreactivity, vascular remodeling, and angiogenesis represent important targets for the treatment of portal hypertension. Systemic and splanchnic vasodilatation can induce hyperdynamic circulation which is related with multi-organ failure such as hepatorenal syndrome and cirrhotic cadiomyopathy.
Collateral Circulation/physiology ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Hemodynamics ; Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism ; Hypertension, Portal/*etiology ; Liver Circulation/physiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/*etiology ; Splanchnic Circulation/physiology

In this study, we investigated the effect of different values of intra-abdominal pressure on bacterial translocation. Twenty-four Wistar-Albino rats were divided into four groups. The animals belonging to the Control group were not subjected to any increased intra-abdominal pressure. In groups I, II and III, an intra-abdominal pressure of 14, 20, and 25 mmHg, respectively, was established by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum for a period of 60 minutes. Four hours after the pneumoperitoneum, all animals were sacrificed to evaluate the degree of bacterial translocation at this time. Liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were excised under sterile conditions. Bacterial growth was assessed using standard bacteriological techniques and compared statistically. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the statistical analysis. Different amounts of bacterial growth were found in all of the animals subjected to increased intra-abdominal pressure, except for the controls. Bacterial translocation was detected at an intra-abdominal pressure of 14 mmHg but this finding was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was a significant increase in bacterial growth in animals subjected to an intra- abdominal pressure of 20 mmHg or above (p < 0.001). As a result, we found that bacterial translocation started when the intra-abdominal pressure reached a level of 14 mmHg. Patients should be closely monitored for septic complication risks following laparoscopic procedures in which the intra-abdominal pressure exceeds 20 mmHg.
Abdomen ; Animals ; *Bacterial Translocation ; Carbon Dioxide ; Laparoscopy/*adverse effects ; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial/adverse effects ; Pressure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Splanchnic Circulation

BACKGROUND: It used to induce hypercarbia that carbon dioxide insufflated into the peritoneum in laparoscopic surgery. It might stimulate sympathetic nervous system, and decrease splanchnic circulation, hepatic function, and metabolism of anesthetics. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of hypercarbia on concentrations of propofol at the time of eye opening and recovery of orientation after propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Fifty patients were divided randomly into a laparoscopic group (group 1, n = 25) and an exploratory group (group 2, n = 25). A propofol infusion was started at a propofol target concentration of 6microgram/ml, and anesthesia was maintained at 4microgram/ml by using a Diprifusor (TM) turing the operation, intraabdominal pressure was maintained automatically at 12 14 mmHg by a CO2 insufflator and controlled ventilation settings were adjusted about 50 mmHg of PaCO2 after peritoneal insufflation. This ventilatory setting was not changed throughout the operation. We evaluated the estimated plasma concentrations of propofol at the time of eye opening and recovery of orientation in each group using user interface of a Diprifusor (TM). RESULTS: In the laparoscopic group, PaCO2, and PetCO2 increased significantly at 5, 15, 30 minutes after carbon dioxide insufflation, but there was no significant difference in concentrations of propofol at eye opening and orientation after propofol TCI between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hypercarbia induced by insufflation of carbon dioxide into peritoneum didn't give rise to an influence on awakening concentrations after propofol TCI during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics* ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Humans ; Insufflation ; Laparoscopy ; Metabolism ; Peritoneum ; Plasma ; Propofol* ; Splanchnic Circulation ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; Ventilation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes, treatment options and outcomes of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients with splanchnic venous thrombosis (SVT). METHODS: The clinical diagnosis, treatment and outcomes data of one 26-year-old male ITP patient with SVT as initial manifestation were collected. The possible causes and treatment options of the patients were discussed through literatures review. RESULTS: The result of blood routine tests of the patient showed that Plt（17-38）×10 CONCLUSION ITP combined with large scale of SVT is rare, and it is difficult to cure. It should be pay more attention to the possible thrombosis risk triggered by a transiently increased EOS in the blood stream. Promptly etiological treatment and the balance between anticoagulant therapy and bleeding risks should be taken in clinical practice.
Aged, 80 and over ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use* ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Humans ; Male ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/complications* ; Splanchnic Circulation ; Venous Thrombosis

The incidence of cerebral palsy has not decreased despite advances in neonatal care. Preterm infants are at a high risk of cerebral palsy. Moreover, preterm infants might experience permanent neurological sequelae due to injury in the preterm brain. Although the etiology of preterm brain injury is not fully understood, preterm brain injury is strongly associated with abnormal cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. Monitoring systemic blood pressure or arterial oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry is not enough to guarantee proper cerebral perfusion or oxygenation. Early detection of improper cerebral perfusion can prevent irreversible cerebral damage. To decrease brain injury through the early detection of under-perfusion and deoxygenation, other diagnostic modalities are needed. Near-infrared spectroscopy can continuously and noninvasively monitor regional oxygen saturation (rSO₂), which reflects the perfusion and oxygenation status of tissues at bedside. Near-infrared spectroscopy represents a balance between tissue oxygen supply and demand. Cerebral rSO₂ monitoring has been used most frequently in neonatal cardiac surgery to monitor cerebral oxygenation and prevent hypoxic damage or shock. Recently, cerebral, renal, or splanchnic rSO₂ in neonates is frequently monitored. The progression of a disease, brain injury, and death can be prevented by detecting changes in rSO₂ values using near-infrared spectroscopy. In this article, the basic principles, usefulness, and applications of near-infrared spectroscopy in neonates are discussed.
Blood Pressure ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Cerebral Palsy ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Oximetry ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Shock ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Splanchnic Circulation ; Thoracic Surgery

OBJECTIVES: Hemodynamic measurements of chronic portal hypertension were done to study the mechanisms that maintain high portal pressure despite well developed collateral circulations. METHODS: A prehepatic portal hypertensive rat model was produced by partial portal vein ligation. Cardiac output, organ blood flow and porto-systemic shunt were measured by radioisotope labeled microsphere methods, and vascular resistance was calculated by standard equation. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the weight of the liver and increase in the weight of the spleen in the portal stenotic rats. Porto-systemic shunting, representing development of the collateral circulations, was 96.7+/-0.6% in the portal stenosis group compared with 0.9+/-0.2% in the control group (p<0.01). Portal pressure was significantly increased in the portal stenosis group compared with the control group(12.8+/-1.4 vs. 6.5+/-0.6mmHg; p<0.01). Mean arterial pressure was significantly decreased in portal stenosis group compared with control group(101.4+/-2.5 vs, 129.9+/-3.9mmHg; p<0.01). In the portal stenosis group, cardiac output(135.7+/-8.0 vs. 111.0+/-4.2ml/min; p<0.01) and splanchnic organ blood flow (28.97+/-2.03 vs. 17.90+/-1.27ml/min, p<0.01) were significantly increased, with concomitant decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance(58.0+/-3.3 vs. 88.2+/-4.8 dyne sec/cm5 X 105; p<0.01) and splanchnic vascular resistance(2.54+/-0.20 vs. 5.47+/-0.33 dyne sec/cm5 X 105; p<0.01), However, the portal venous resistance was not significantly different in both groups of rats (3.57+/-0.31 vs. 3.03+/-0.38 dyne sec/cm5 X 105; p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The hemodynamic results of this study indicate that hyperdynamic status of systemic and splanchnic circulation was present in chronic portal hypertension and that the primary factor contributing to the persistently elevated portal venous pressure was the markedly increased portal venous inflow.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Collateral Circulation ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Hemodynamics* ; Hypertension, Portal ; Ligation ; Liver ; Microspheres ; Models, Animal* ; Portal Pressure ; Portal Vein* ; Rats* ; Splanchnic Circulation ; Spleen ; Vascular Resistance

The purpose of the present study was to assess the correlation that likely exists among increased portal pressure (Pp), portal blood flow quantity (Qp) and ETA and ETB receptor mRNA expression in human cirrhosis. In situ hybridization and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were performed to determined the expression of ETA and ETB receptor mRNA in liver tissues from traumatic subjects (n = 10) and cirrhotic patients (n = 15) in whom hepatic hemodynamic values were measured. The expression of the two transcripts was significantly higher in liver samples of cirrhotic patients than in those obtained from traumatic subjects. It has shown that ETA receptor mRNA predominantly located in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and vascular smooth muscle cells of intrahepatic arteries and portal veins, ETB receptor mRNA in HSCs, sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kuppfer cells. There was a highly significant direct relationship between ETA and ETB receptor mRNA and Pp and Qp in cirrhotic patients. It suggests that liver paracrine endothelin system may be overactivated in human cirrhosis accompanied with increased expression of ETA and ETB receptor mRNA which may play an important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of splanchnic hyperdynamics.
Female ; Gene Expression ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Portal Vein ; physiopathology ; Receptors, Endothelin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Splanchnic Circulation ; physiology