Automated blood pressure monitors have gained acceptance in many clinical settings with the increasing demand, the accurate BP measuring devices require the need for validation. We have evaluated the Dinamap 8100, an oscillometric automated blood pressure monitor, using the Mercury sphygmomanometer as a reference. Comparison of sphygmomanometers was conducted 60 patients(30-Normotensive group, 30-Hypertensive group at Seoul National University Hospital. Two trained observers took measure blood pressure(systolic/diastolic) at the same time using the Dinamap 8100 on one arm and the Mercury on the other. For each measurement, the device was randomly selected from a group of devices repletively used for the experiment. Mean readings for systolic pressure with the Dinamap 8100 in normotensive group were lower(mean difference ; 4.26mmHg) than the Mercury type. Mean readings for systolic pressure with the Dinamap 8100 in hypertensive group were lower(mean difference ; 9.05mmHg) than the Mercury type. Mean readings for diastolic pressure with the Dinamap 8100 in normotensive group were lower(mean difference ; 7.46mmHg) than the Mercury type. Mean readings for diastolic pressure with the Dinamap 8100 in hypertensive group were lower(mean difference ; 9.03mmHg) than the Mercury type. We have found that blood pressure readings with the Dinamap 8100 were lower than those with the Mercury type. we are using the Mercury type in clinics, although it has observer bias and terminal digit preference. But the Dinamap 8100 is readily portable, simple to use, and capable of preventing observer bias and terminal digit preference. The Dinamap 8100 is acceptable for blood pressure determination in subjects who are normotensive or hypertensive ones.
Arm ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Blood Pressure Monitors* ; Blood Pressure* ; Observer Variation ; Reading ; Seoul ; Sphygmomanometers*

PURPOSE: To validate the Dinamap ProCare 200 blood pressure (BP) monitor against a mercury sphygmomanometer in children 7 to 18 years old in accordance with the 2010 International Protocol of European Society of Hypertension (ESH-IP2) and the British Hypertension Society (BHS) protocol. METHODS: Forty-five children were recruited for the study. A validation procedure was performed following the protocol based on the ESH-IP2 and BHS protocols for children and adolescents. Each subject underwent 7 sequential BP measurements alternatively with a mercury sphygmomanometer and the test device by trained nurses. The results were analyzed according to the validation criteria of ESH-IP2. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) difference in the absolute BP values between test device and mercury sphygmomanometer readings was 1.85+/-1.65 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and 4.41+/-3.53 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP). These results fulfilled the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation criterion of a mean+/-SD below 5+/-8 mmHg for both SBP and DBP. The percentages of test device-observer mercury sphygmomanometer BP differences within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg were 96%, 100%, and 100% for SBP, and 69%, 92%, and 100% for DBP, respectively, in the part 1 analysis; both SBP and DBP passed the part 1 criteria. In the part 2 analysis, SBP passed the criteria but DBP failed. CONCLUSION: Although the Dinamap ProCare 200 BP monitor failed an adapted ESH-IP2, SBP passed. When comparing BP readings measured by oscillometers and mercury sphygmomanometers, one has to consider the differences between them, particularly in DBP, because DBP can be underestimated.
Adolescent ; Arm ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Child ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Reading ; Sphygmomanometers

PURPOSE: To validate the Dinamap ProCare 200 blood pressure (BP) monitor against a mercury sphygmomanometer in children 7 to 18 years old in accordance with the 2010 International Protocol of European Society of Hypertension (ESH-IP2) and the British Hypertension Society (BHS) protocol. METHODS: Forty-five children were recruited for the study. A validation procedure was performed following the protocol based on the ESH-IP2 and BHS protocols for children and adolescents. Each subject underwent 7 sequential BP measurements alternatively with a mercury sphygmomanometer and the test device by trained nurses. The results were analyzed according to the validation criteria of ESH-IP2. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) difference in the absolute BP values between test device and mercury sphygmomanometer readings was 1.85+/-1.65 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and 4.41+/-3.53 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP). These results fulfilled the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation criterion of a mean+/-SD below 5+/-8 mmHg for both SBP and DBP. The percentages of test device-observer mercury sphygmomanometer BP differences within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg were 96%, 100%, and 100% for SBP, and 69%, 92%, and 100% for DBP, respectively, in the part 1 analysis; both SBP and DBP passed the part 1 criteria. In the part 2 analysis, SBP passed the criteria but DBP failed. CONCLUSION: Although the Dinamap ProCare 200 BP monitor failed an adapted ESH-IP2, SBP passed. When comparing BP readings measured by oscillometers and mercury sphygmomanometers, one has to consider the differences between them, particularly in DBP, because DBP can be underestimated.
Adolescent ; Arm ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Child ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Reading ; Sphygmomanometers

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a mobile wireless digital automatic blood pressure monitor for clinical use and mobile health (mHealth). In this study, a manual sphygmomanometer and a digital blood pressure monitor were tested in 100 participants in a repetitive and sequential manner to measure blood pressure. The guidelines for measurement used the Korea Food & Drug Administration protocol, which reflects international standards, such as the American National Standard Institution/Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation SP 10: 1992 and the British Hypertension Society protocol. Measurements were generally consistent across observers according to the measured mean ± SD, which ranged in 0.1 ± 2.6 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 0.5 ± 2.2 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). For the device and the observer, the difference in average blood pressure (mean ± SD) was 2.3 ± 4.7 mmHg for SBP and 2.0 ± 4.2 mmHg for DBP. The SBP and DBP measured in this study showed accurate measurements that satisfied all criteria, including an average difference that did not exceed 5 mmHg and a standard deviation that did not exceed 8 mmHg. The mobile wireless digital blood pressure monitor has the potential for clinical use and managing one's own health.
Blood Pressure Monitors* ; Blood Pressure* ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Methods* ; Self Care* ; Sphygmomanometers ; Telemedicine

BACKGROUND: To validate Omron HEM 907 XL blood pressure monitor (test device) against auscultatory mercury sphygmomanometer in children aged 7-8 years old in accordance with International Protocol of European Society of Hypertension revised in 2010 (ESH-IP2) and British Hypertension Society (BHS) protocol. METHODS: Seventy-five children and adolescents were recruited for the study. A validation procedure was performed following the protocol which was prepared on the basis of ESH-IP2 and BHS protocol for children and adolescents. Each underwent 7 sequential BP measurements alternatively with a mercury sphygmomanometer and the test device. The results were analyzed according to the validation criteria of ESH-IP2. RESULTS: The mean (blood pressure [BP], +/- standard deviation [SD]) difference of absolute value between the test device and mercury sphygmomanometer readings in all the 75 subjects was 3.26 +/- 3.08 mm Hg for systolic BP and 4.11 +/- 3.50 mm Hg for diastolic BP. These results fulfilled AAMI criterion of mean +/- SD below 5 +/- 8 mm Hg for both systolic and diastolic BP. The proportion of test device-observer mercury sphygmomanometer BP differences within 5, 10 and 15 mm Hg were 81%, 96%, 99% for SBP and 72%, 93%, 99% for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively, in the part 1 analysis, so both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP passed the part 1 criteria. As for the part 2 analysis, SBP passed the criteria, bur DBP failed. CONCLUSIONS: Omron HEM 907 XL BP monitor failed an adapted ESH-IP2, though SBP passed. When comparing the BP readings by oscillometers with mercury sphygmomanometer, the differences between them, particularly in diastolic BP, should be taken into account, because DBP can be underestimated.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Child ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Oscillometry ; Reading ; Sphygmomanometers

BACKGROUND: There is pressure difference depending on the height of hand position when blood pressure is taken, applying the oscillometric electronic digital BP(blood pressure) monitor. Authors have calculated the degree of BP differences, and evaluated the accuracy and effectiveness of the digital BP monitor comparing with the conventional Mercury Sphygmomanometer. METHOD: Randomized sixty cases consisting of in-patients and hospital workers were subjected for this study. BPs were taken at three different levels-nose level, heart level and knee level-on conventional sitting position applying OMRON Digital Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor and conventional Mercury Sphygmomanometer, and statistical analysis was made. RESULTS: At the nose level, systolic BP and diastolic BP were lower with 23.5mmHg and 18.9mmHg respectively, than at the heart level, while at the knee level, they were higher with 21mmHg and 17.5mmHg respectively, than at the heart level. No actual statistical difference of systolic and diastolic values between OMRON Digital Automatic Blood Pressure Monitoring method at the heart level and conventional Mercury Sphygmomanometeric method. CONCLUSION: Present study demonstrated significant discrepancy of BP values, in systolic and diastolic values, depending on the height of measured finger, when OMRON Digital Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor is applied in taking BP on conventional sitting position. However, no actual discrepancy of BP values was noted between two methods when BP is taken at heart level by OMRON Digital Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor and on brachial artery BP by conventional Mercury Sphygmomanometer. Thus OMRON Digital Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor could take the place of Mercury Sphygmomanometer in taking peripheral BP, which subsequently enable us to estimate central artery BP, which is believed to be better clinical index, through this much more handy electrical oscillometric device in the future.
Arteries ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Brachial Artery ; Electric Impedance ; Fingers ; Hand* ; Heart ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Knee ; Nose ; Sphygmomanometers*

BACKGROUND: According to the current guidelines for blood pressure monitoring, clinicians are recommended to measure blood pressure by completely exposing the upper arm. However, it is a common practice that blood pressure is measured with the cuff placed over the sleeve or with the sleeve rolled up. We therefore conducted this study to examine whether there are any differences in blood pressure measurements among the three different settings: the sleeve group, the rolled sleeve group, and the bare arm group. METHODS: We conducted the current study in 141 male and female adult patients who visited our clinical department. In these patients, we took repeatedly blood pressure measurements using the same automatic oscillometric device on three different settings. Then, we analyzed the results with the use of randomized block design analysis of variance. RESULTS: The mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) between the first reading and those of the second reading were 128.5 +/- 10.6 mm Hg in the sleeve group, 128.3 +/- 10.8 mm Hg in the rolled sleeve group, and 128.3 +/- 10.7 mm Hg in the bare arm group. These results indicate that there were no significant differences among the three groups (P = 0.32). In addition, the mean values of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between the first reading and those of the second reading were 80.7 +/- 6.1 mm Hg in the sleeve group, 80.7 +/- 6.1 mm Hg in the rolled sleeve group, and 80.6 +/- 5.9 mm Hg in the bare arm group. These results indicate that there were no significant differences among the three groups (P = 0.77). In addition, based on the age, sex, past or current history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, the thickness of sleeve, weight, a drinking history, and a smoking history, there were no significant differences in SBP and DBP among the three groups. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in blood pressure measurements between the three different settings (the sleeve group, the rolled sleeve group, and the bare arm group).
Adult ; Arm ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Clothing ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drinking ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sphygmomanometers

Background: An accurate, quantifiable assessment of hand grip strength (HGS) can predict overall strength and health with a good predictor for identifying populations at higher risk for any medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, neuromuscular diseases and stroke that helps clinicians establish realistic treatment goals and provides treatment outcome data. The purpose of the study is to determine the percentile scores of HGS of healthy adult individuals of various age groups using Jamar dynamometer and modified sphygmomanometer. Methods: This descriptive study measures HGS using Jamar dynamometer and modified sphygmomanometer obtained from one hundred twenty healthy participants 20 years old and above. Comparative analyses of the 2 apparatuses were conducted using One-Way ANOVA. The reference intervals at different percentiles were calculated using the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Grip strength (GS) using Jamar dynamometer (JD) and modified sphygmomanometer (MS) among younger (20- 29 years old) participants, the 50th percentile (Q2) JD score was 28.29 kg with an equivalent MS score of 161.38 mmHg, were significantly higher compared to those across older age groups especially among the ≥70 years old with a JD Q2 score of 16.74 kg and MS Q2 score of 101.33 mmHg. These findings suggest that HGS decreases with increasing age. Conclusion Scores obtained from this study can serve as preliminary baseline values or guide for interpreting GS measurements.
Hand Strength ; Sphygmomanometers

BACKGROUND: To investigate the possibie difference, if any, between office blood pressure(BP) and home BP may be important in the diagnosis and treatment of hypersensive patients. This report deails the difference between the two BP's and the usefulness of digital electronic sphygmomanometer(DES) for self-monitoring of home BP. METHODS: The BP's of 14 patients with essential hypertension were measured with mercury sphygmomanometers at outpatient department by physician and with DES at home(twice a day) by the patients. Patients were followed up every 2 weeks for 4 weeks and previous 2 weeks' average home BP's were compared with the office BP's of each 2 weeks' end. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between office and home BP(both systolic and diastolic) ; office average BP(151/95mmHg) was higher than home average BP(136/86mmHg). CONCLUSION: Caution may be needed in the interpretation of office BP unless it is measured several times after adequate rest.
Blood Pressure* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Outpatients ; Sphygmomanometers*

Since clinical significance of blood pressure level in childhood has been known, a several studies for the purpose of establishing normal blood pressure referece values in Korean school-aged children were performed. The author of this article measured normal blood pressure values for children in an elementary school, and two middle schools of Korean rural area using mercury sphygmomanometer. The results were as follows: 1) Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values increased according as age and height increased. Abrupt increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values at 11 years of age in both sexes was observed. 2) Average values of systolic/diastolic blood pressure in 6 year-old boys were 106/61 mmHg and these values increased with rates of 1.5 mmHg/yr (systolic blood pressure), 1.0 mmHg/yr (diastolic blood pressure). Similarily, the values in 6 year-old girls were 103/60 mmHg and they increased with the rate of 2.0 mmHg/yr (systolic blood pressure) and 1.5 mmHg/yr (diastolic blood pressure). 3) As the distribution of blood pressure level was observed in view of age and height reference, there were no biologically and statistically significant discrepancies in blood pressure level between boys and girls. 4) A strong positive correlationship with each parameters was observed in both sexes. 5) Blood pressure values for 50, 90, 95 percentile were presented in table and figure.
Blood Pressure* ; Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Sphygmomanometers