OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility of spermatogonial stem cell allotransplantation.

METHODSThe spermatogonial stem cell allotransplantation was performed, without the use of immune inhibitor, in KM mice of similar gene types, and the spermatogenesis in recipients' testes was evaluated. The right testes were pierced for transplantation while the left ones were taken as control.

RESULTSAllotransplant germ cells in KM mice can recover normal function of spermatogenesis in the transplanted testis without any immune suppression.

CONCLUSIONAllospermatogonial stem cells can be transplanted successfully among KM mice.

Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; transplantation ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Testis ; cytology ; Transplantation, Homologous

Spermatogonial transplantation (ST) is a novel technique which mechanism is similar to other transplantations. The donor testicular cells transferred into recipient testes by the microinjection can initiate spermatogenesis and produce sperm in the recipient testis. The homograft has got success. The xenograft in which (man, horse, bull or rat, can be the donor; immunodeficiency mouse can be the recipient) and cryopreserved germ cells can not clonize in the recipient testes. The reason may be immunoreaction. ST technique will be propitious to these fields, 1. to investigate fundamental aspects of spermatogenesis; 2. to regenerate spermatogenesis in infertile individuals; 3. to develop transgenic animals.
Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatogenesis ; physiology ; Spermatogonia ; transplantation ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Stem cell can both self-renew and have the ability to differentiate into one or more cell types that perform normal tissue/organ function throughout life, including embryonic stem cell and adult stem cell. The treatment with stem cells will be widely used in the future. This article reviews recent advances in studies of the use of embryonic stem cells and spermatogonial stem cells in male reproduction.
Embryonic Stem Cells ; transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; trends ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Results from the transplantation of donor spermatogonia into xenogeneic recipient seminiferous tubules indicate that donor germ cells are capable of differentiating to form spermatozoa with morphological character of the donor species. With the advances in freezing, culturing in vitro and enriching germ cell populations, germ cell transplantation procedures have applications of paramount values in medicine, basic science and animal reproduction. Additionally, these techniques can serve as an alternative approach for gonadal protection and fertility preservation especially in patients accepting large dose of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In this article we reviewed the recent advances in xenogeneic transplantation of spermatogonial stem cell and also analyzed the potential problems existing in its clinical application.
Animals ; Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatogonia ; transplantation ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ; Busulfan ; Cell Transplantation ; Chimera ; Coturnix/physiology* ; Female ; Male ; Spermatogonia/transplantation* ; Testicular Diseases/therapy* ; Testis/transplantation*

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) play an important role in spermatogenesis and have a unique mode of replication. A single SSC can produce two differentiating cells, or one stem cell and one differentiating cell. The self-renewal and differentiation of SSCs are precisely regulated as relating the niche of SSCs, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and several signaling pathways. This article reviews the self-renewal and differentiation of SSCs and their regulation mechanisms, which may offer a deeper insight into spermatogenesis and male infertility and pave a theoretical ground for studying testicular tumorigenesis and searching for new potential approaches to the treatment of testicular cancer and other related diseases.
Adult Stem Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation

In recent years, people have paid more attention to the spermatogonial stem cells that have the capacity for self renewal and multilineage differentiation and produce daughter cells that can expand and differentiate into spermatozoa under the adjustment of self genes and external signal. This article reviews recent advances in studies of enrichment and original selection of the spermatogonial stem cells. This review also summarizes some control factors in proliferation and transplantation techniques.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Spermatogonial stem cells are male germ line stem cells, whose potency of proliferation is indispensable for the permanent production of male germ cells. With the advances in the technology of cryopreservation, in vitro culture and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), the transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells is showing a splendid vista of application in basic medical research and clinical practice. This review briefly introduces the genesis and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells, the current situation of their transplantation and the prospects of its application in medical science.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; surgery ; Male ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation

The study on stem cells is a hot field in biomedical science in recent years, and has furthered from laboratory to clinical application. Stem cells, according to their developmental stage and differential properties, can be divided into embryonic stem cells, induced PS cells and adult stem cells, among which, adult stem cells have already been applied to the clinical treatment of many systemic diseases. Currently, the study of spermatogonial stem cells and adult stem cells is in the front of the basic researches on the treatment of male infertility, but the time has not yet arrived for their clinical application. This paper outlines the application prospect of adult stem cells in male infertility.
Adult Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; therapy ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation

AIMTo isolate and transplant germ cells from adult mouse testes for transplantation.

METHODSIn order to distinguish transplanted cells from endogenous cells of recipients, donor transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used. Germ cells were collected from the donors at 10-12 weeks of age and spermatogonia were concentrated by percoll fractionation and transplanted into recipient seminiferous tubules that had been previously treated with busulfan at 5 weeks of age to remove the endogenous spermatogenic cells.

RESULTSTwenty weeks after the transplantation, a wide spread GFP signal was observed in the recipient seminiferous tubules. The presence of spermatogenesis and spermatozoa was confirmed in sections of 12 out of 14 testes transplanted (86 %). However, when germ cells were transplanted without concentration the success rate was zero (0/9).

CONCLUSIONGerm cells from adult mouse testes can be successfully transplanted into recipient seminiferous tubules if the cell population is rich in spermatogonia and the percoll fractionation is useful in obtaining such a cell population.

Animals ; Cell Fractionation ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Luminescent Proteins ; genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Seminiferous Tubules ; cytology ; physiology ; Spermatogenesis ; physiology ; Spermatogonia ; physiology ; transplantation ; Testis ; cytology