OBJECTIVETo study the effect of tea saponin in ameliorating nonoxynol(N-9) spermicidal action in vitro.

METHODSAccording to the improved spermicidal test method in vitro recommended by International Planned Parenthood Foundation (IPPF), we evaluated the minimum spermicidal concentration of N-9, tea saponin and their mixed solution in 20 s and 3 min.

RESULTSThe minimum spermicidal concentration of N-9 in the mixed solution was (0.13 +/- 0.05) g/L in 20 s and (0.05 +/- 0.004) g/L in 3 min, and that of the tea saponin in the mixed solution was (2.40 +/- 1.07) g/L in 20 s and (1.27 +/- 0.38) g/L in 3 min, compared with the single ingredient N-9 [(0.48 +/- 0.15) g/L in 20 s, (0.34 +/- 0.079 g/L in 3 min], and tea saponin [(5.78 +/- 1.40) g/L in 20 s, (1.71 +/- 0.176) g/L in 3 min], P < 0.01.

CONCLUSIONTea saponin can improve N-9 spermicidal action in vitro, and tea saponin and nonoxynol have proved of synergic effect.

Animals ; Drug Synergism ; Male ; Nonoxynol ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Spermatocidal Agents ; pharmacology ; Tea

Spermicidal effect of Jieze No. 1 (JZ1) in combination with nonoxynol-9 (N-9) was examined in vitro. The minimum spermicidal concentration of JZ1 decoction, N-9 and their mixture solution in 20 s and 3 min were examined by improved spermicidal test of Sander-cramer in vitro. The percentages of progressively moving spermatozoa, moving spermatozoa and viable spermatozoa were also observed 20 s, 3 min and 30 min after the addition of the liquid medicine. Our results showed that sperms did not recover their activities in a revival test when the minimum spermicidal concentration of either JZ1 decoction, or N-9, or the mixed solution of the two agents, was used. N-9 (JZ1 in the mixed group) showed significant differences in the percentages of progressively moving spermatozoa, moving spermatozoa, and visible spermatozoa in 20 s, 3 min, and 30 min, when compared with N-9 alone (P < 0.01). We are led to conclude that JZ1 decoction can improve N-9 spermicidal action in vitro, and when used in combination with N-9, it has synergic effect.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology ; Nonoxynol/*pharmacology ; Semen/drug effects ; Spermatocidal Agents/*pharmacology ; Spermatozoa/*drug effects

Gossypol acetic acid (GAA) has been shown to have male antifertility effects, but there are pronounced differences among animal species. In the search of endogenous effector molecules, which interfere with the functions of GAA, we have studied the in vitro effect of various amino acids on the inhibition of the purified LDH-X by GAA. Histidine, cysteine and glycine were shown to block the effect of GAA. The effects of these amino acids were concentration dependent. Histidine and glycine protection was found to be complex type in which both the Km and Vmax were decreased compared to control. Arginine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine and valine were found to be ineffective against the inhibitory action of GAA.
Amino Acids/pharmacology* ; Animal ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Goats ; Gossypol/pharmacology ; Gossypol/analogs & derivatives* ; Isoenzymes ; Lactate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Male ; Spermatocidal Agents/pharmacology* ; Testis/enzymology

OBJECTIVETo observe the spermicidal effect of alcohol extracts from different ratios of Sophora flavescens Ait/Chinese Bulbul in vitro.

METHODSSemen samples aseptically obtained by masturbation and prepared by density gradient centrifugation from 15 healthy men were incubated in the alcohol extracts from 9 different ratios of Sophora flavescens Ait/Chinese Bulbul for 20 seconds, 2 minutes and 4 minutes. Then the motility and movement parameters of the sperm were detected by computer-assisted semen analysis, and the minimal effective concentrations of the instant spermicidal effect of the extracts were determined.

RESULTSAt the ratio of 3:1, the extract at 0.5 mg/ml significantly inhibited the sperm motility and other sperm movement parameters VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH, WOB and MAD, as compared with the control group. The minimal effective concentration of the instant spermicidal effect of the extracts was 3.5 mg/ml at 3:1.

CONCLUSIONThe alcohol extracts from Sophora flavescens Ait and Chinese Bulbul at the ratio of 3:1 have the best spermicidal effect in vitro.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Pulsatilla ; Semen Analysis ; Sophora ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatocidal Agents ; pharmacology ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThrough observing the morphology and topography of the prepared influenza viruses (H1N1) treated with the different Nonidet P-40 solutions using atomic force microscopy (AFM), to explore the application of AFM on the research of the internal character of viral morphology and structural virology.

METHODSThe virus samples were treated with serial diluted Nonidet P-40 solutions from 0.05% to 0.20% and then investigated by AFM with the tapping mode in air at room temperature to obtain the morphology and topography changes including height data,amplitude data and phase data for both spherical and filamentous influenza virus A.

RESULTSThe serial AFM images show that the erosion degree of the virions is proportional with the improvement of NP-40 concentration,and partly denuded virion image appeared at 0.05% NP-40 treatment, which was revealed clearly on both amplitude images and phase images.

CONCLUSIONThis work demonstrated for the first time that the internal topography of influenza virion could be revealed by AFM via suitable nonionic surfactants chemical dissection.

Humans ; Influenza A virus ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; instrumentation ; Nanostructures ; Orthomyxoviridae ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Polyethylene Glycols ; pharmacology ; Spermatocidal Agents ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVESTo test in vitro the spermatozocidine drug which can also prevent sex transmitting diseases (STD) pathogens.

METHODSChlorheridine diacetate and other three chemical compounds were applied in vitro spermatozocidine and sperm inhibitting tests.

RESULTSThe lowest concentrations of chlorheridine diacetate and p-nitrophenol which can inhibit human sperm in 20 seconds were 1.25 mg/ml. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of chlorheridine diacetate and p-nitrophenol on Streptococcus albus Stemberg were 0.125 to 0.50 mg/ml and 0.25 to 1.00 mg/ml.

CONCLUSIONSChlorheridine diacetate and p-uitrophenol have strong spermatozocidine and antibacteria effects.

Acetates ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; drug effects ; Nitrophenols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; prevention & control ; Spermatocidal Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Streptococcus ; drug effects

Rhynchosia volubilis Lour has been a major drug in a folk prescription for contraception in China, whereas its mechanism remains unknown. Its antifertility effects on male mice and antimicrobial activities on sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens were previously reported. This study was undertaken to develop the n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour (BERVL) as a spermicidal agent with STI prevention. The spermicidal activities of BERVL with different doses were assessed using selected high-motile sperms of normal human semen samples, and their inhibitory effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined. The mechanism of the spermicidal activity was explored by aqueous Eosin Y and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. The results showed spermicidal activities and inhibitory effects of BERVL on Lactobacillus acidophilus were dose-dependent. Dose of 90 mg/mL BERVL terminated all progressive sperm motility within 2 min, and had slight inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus, suggesting it was an effective and safe dose for contraception use. About 80% sperms exposed to BERVL displayed changes consistent with high permeability of head membrane. It is concluded that BERVL as spermicide has advantages over N-9 with strong ability to instantaneously kill human sperm and possesses light inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus.
1-Butanol ; chemistry ; Adult ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Humans ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatocidal Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; physiology ; Young Adult