BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many research papers showed that the most common articulation disorder in tongue-tie children was the error of alveolar sound. We performed speech therapy on alveolar sound after lingual frenulotomy to prove that the speech therapy after lingual frenulotomy improves the articulation of alveolar sound and that this effect is maintained. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected 28 children who never had speech therapy but could afford to have the speech therapy. The accuracy rate of consonant sound was calculated using a picture consonant test 2 weeks following the lingual frenulotomy. The speech therapy, called the phonetic placement and paired-stimulus technique, was performed 18 times for 3 months. This therapy decreased incidence rate of error. RESULTS: The incidence rate of alveolar sound error, which was calculated before speech therapy, was about 65%. And the incidence rate of alveolar sound error after speech therapy was 5-10%, which proved the effect of speech therapy. We divided alveolar sounds into target sounds and non-target sounds. And we performed speech therapy only on target sounds so the appearance rate of alveolar sound error decreased and the incidence rate of non-target sounds also decreased. We performed speech therapy after 2 weeks and the effect was maintained. CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of alveolar sound error decreased by using speech therapy and the effect was maintained. So the speech therapy must be performed after lingual frenulotomy.
Articulation Disorders ; Child ; Humans ; Incidence ; Speech Therapy*

Transcorticamrnotro aphasia is(TMA) a syndrome of nonfluent aphasia with good comprehension and preserved repetition. Language profiles and CT or MRI anatomy in 6 cases of TMA were studied. Their speech was characterized by impaired spontaneous speech and naming with well preserved comprehension and excellent repetition. Most of cases(4/6) had a tendency to repeat everything slavishly, namely echolalia. Perseveration was also common feature(4/6). Four patients showed quick recovery within a few weeks so as to communicate without much difficulty in daily living. The findings on computerized tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance maging(MRI) revealed that the main lesion sites were in the supplementary motor area(SMA) or in the subcortical white matter connecting between SMA and frontal perisylvian zone of Broca's area.
Aphasia ; Aphasia, Broca* ; Comprehension ; Echolalia ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To analyze 18F-THK5351 positron emission tomography (PET) scans of patients with clinically diagnosed nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (navPPA). METHODS: Thirty-one participants, including those with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=13), navPPA (n=3), and those with normal control (NC, n=15) who completed 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-THK5351 PET scans, and detailed neuropsychological tests, were included. Voxel-based and region of interest (ROI)-based analyses were performed to evaluate retention of 18F-THK5351 in navPPA patients. RESULTS: In ROI-based analysis, patients with navPPA had higher levels of THK retention in the Broca's area, bilateral inferior frontal lobes, bilateral precentral gyri, and bilateral basal ganglia. Patients with navPPA showed higher levels of THK retention in bilateral frontal lobes (mainly left side) compared than NC in voxel-wise analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, THK retention in navPPA patients was mainly distributed at the frontal region which was well correlated with functional-radiological distribution of navPPA. Our results suggest that tau PET imaging could be a supportive tool for diagnosis of navPPA in combination with a clinical history.
Alzheimer Disease ; Aphasia, Primary Progressive* ; Basal Ganglia ; Broca Area ; Diagnosis ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Primary Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia ; tau Proteins

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate correlations between values of articulation tests and language tests for children with articulation disorder in Korea. METHODS: Data of outpatients with chief complaint of an articulation problem were retrospectively collected. Patients who underwent Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonation (U-TAP) with Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children (APAC), Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), or Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test (REVT) simultaneously were identified. Patients whose word-level percentages of correct consonants in U-TAP (UTAP_wC) were more than 2 standard deviations below the mean as diagnostic criteria for articulation disorder were selected. Those whose receptive language age (P_RLA), expressive language age (P_ELA), or combined language age (P_CLA) in PRES was delayed more than 24 months compared to their chronological age in months as diagnostic criteria for language disorder were excluded. RESULTS: Thirty-three children aged 3–6 years were enrolled retrospectively. PRES and U-TAP showed significant correlations for most of value relationships. PRES and APAC showed significant correlations for all value relationships except for receptive language age. All values of REVT were significantly correlated with all values from U-TAP, but not with any value from APAC. Articulation tests U-TAP and APAC showed significant correlations between percentages of correct consonants. Language tests PRES and REVT showed significant correlations for all value relationships. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that articulation abilities and language abilities might be correlated in children with articulation disorder.
Articulation Disorders ; Child ; Humans ; Korea ; Language ; Language Disorders ; Language Tests ; Outpatients ; Phonation ; Retrospective Studies ; Speech Articulation Tests ; Speech Disorders

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent of speech articulation disorder in ankyloglossia patients and to determine whether picture consonant articulation test has potential as a screening test to predict the outcome of surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A total of 35 patients (25 boys and 10 girls with mean age of 3.69+/-1.18 years) with ankyloglossia who underwent frenotomy and recovered completely without complications were enrolled in this study. We examined the correlation between the subjective satisfaction of parents and the results of picture consonant articulation test. RESULTS: In the picture consonant articulation test, 20 patients (20/35, 57.14%) needed postoperative speech therapy. When the resutls of preoperative picture consonant articulation test and postoperative parents' subjective satisfaction were compared, "normal" had a satisfaction score of 4.53+/-0.74 points, "consider" had 3.89+/-1.05 points, and "demand" had 3.27+/-1.45 points. When a postoperative speech therapy was required, parents' satisfaction decreased (correlation coefficient r=-0.456). CONCLUSION: The preoperative picture consonant test in our study showed potential as a screening test for predicting the outcome of surgery for ankyloglossia patients.
Articulation Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Parents ; Speech Articulation Tests ; Speech Therapy

BACKGROUND: The term "transcortical aphasia" is applied to primary lesions not involving the receptive and expressive language areas, but rather the areas connected to the association cortex. By definition, patients with transcortical aphasia can repeat what they have heard, but they have difficulty producing spontaneous speech or understanding speech. This paper reports the clinical features of stroke patients with transcortical aphasia to delineate the language profiles of its subtypes. METHODS: Eighty patients with stroke were divided into three subtypes of transcortical aphasia: transcortical sensory aphasia, transcortical motor aphasia, and mixed transcortical aphasia. A Korean version of the Western Aphasia Battery was used to compare the subdomains of language ability among the three groups. RESULTS: The patients showed a relatively preserved repetition ability, but the performances in repetition and generative naming, and the aphasia quotient were highest in the transcortical sensory aphasic group, followed by the transcortical motor aphasic and mixed transcortical aphasic groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides detailed information on the language profiles of the three subtypes of transcortical aphasia, which can be differentiated based on the aphasia quotient and generative naming scores.
Aphasia ; Aphasia, Broca ; Aphasia, Wernicke ; Humans ; Language ; Stroke

Background: Speech sound disorders (SSD) refer to difficulties in perceiving, mentally representing, and/or articulating speech sounds. In 2018, the Tagalog Sentence Repetition Test (SRT) was developed due to the lack of a commercially available local assessment tool for children with suspected SSDs. The SRT had not been validated or piloted yet. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the SRT’s content validity (comprehensiveness, relevance, comprehensibility), ability to successfully elicit the target sounds, and logistical feasibility and flaws. Methodology: All procedures were conducted online. Three linguists evaluated the comprehensiveness of the sounds covered, while 31 Manila Tagalog-speaking children (7 to 21 years old) participated in pilot testing. Post-testing, the children answered a questionnaire to evaluate their familiarity with the sentences’ words (relevance) and the comprehensibility of the test instructions. Content validity was assessed by computing the Content Validity Index (CVI). To see how well the test elicits the target sounds, the number of participants who produced each sound were computed. Results: A CVI of 1.0 was obtained for all aspects of content validity. All targets were produced by almost all the participants, except for the final glottal stop (18/31, 58%). The test administration seemed feasible as participants from all age groups successfully executed the task. Conclusion Although the SRT exhibited good content validity, some sentences need to be revised to address sound production issues noted during the pilot. This new version should be re-piloted to 7 to 11-year-olds in-person and via teleconferencing. A manual should also be created to facilitate administration.
Speech Disorders ; Speech Production Measurement

PURPOSE: In order to determine the differences in speech outcome based on timing of operation in submucous cleft palate, we have reviewed our experiences in the Furlow palatoplasty over the last 11 years. METHODS: From March 1996 to March 2006, 38 submucous cleft palate patients received Furlow palatoplasty. 10 developmentally delayed patients were excluded and 5 patients were lost to follow up. The rest 23 patients were reviewed. Speech was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively, and speech therapy was performed accordingly. Perceptual speech assessment included hypernasality, nasal emission and articulation disorder. Cinefluorography was performed to aid perceptual assessment. Based on timing of operation, the patients were divided into 3 groups as following: Group A under 24 months(8 patients), Group B from 25 to 48 months(6 patients), and Group C over 49 months (9 patients). Except 1 patient under speech therapy yet, resultant speech was compared. RESULTS: The rate of abnormal speech was higher in Group C(3/9, 33.3%) than in Group A(0%) or B(0%). All 3 patients who had been discontinued of speech therapy from the parent's judgment had abnormal speech. The reason for the discontinuation was that the regular speech therapy was a burden at school age. Any patients who had continued speech therapy had normal speech. CONCLUSION: The results of our study shows that operative timing is associated with speech development. Maintenance of speech therapy was an important factor for normal speech development. It will be helpful to perform a palatoplasty before 48 months of age to complete speech therapy before the school age.
Articulation Disorders ; Cineradiography ; Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Judgment ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Speech Therapy

Velopharyngeal dysfunction in cleft palate patients following the primary palate repair may result in nasal air emission, hypernasality, articulation disorder and poor intelligibility of speech. Among conservative treatment methods, speech aid prosthesis combined with speech therapy is widely used method. However because of its long time of treatment more than a year and low predictability, some clinicians prefer a surgical intervention. Thus, the purpose of this report was to increase an attention on the effectiveness of speech aid prosthesis by introducing a case that was successfully treated. In this clinical report, speech bulb reduction program with intensive speech therapy was applied for a patient with velopharyngeal dysfunction and it was rapidly treated by 5months which was unusually short period for speech aid therapy. Furthermore, advantages of pre-operative speech aid therapy were discussed.
Articulation Disorders ; Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Methods ; Palate ; Prostheses and Implants ; Speech Therapy* ; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

This study aimed at examining speech defects of open bite patients, which were analized in terms of formant frequency for vowels and word pronunciation length for consonants. In addition, the upper and lower lip (perioral m.) activity was tested by the EMG. The tongue force was measured by the strain gauge, and the speech discrimination test was carried out. One experimental group and one control group were used for this study and they were respectively composed of six female openbite patients and six normal-occlusion females. Eight monophthongs, two fricatives and two affricatives were chosen for speech analysis. Speeches of the above-mentioned groups were recorded and then analized by the ILS/PC-I software. Four hundred most frequently used monosyllables were also chosen for discrimination score. Openbite patients showed the following characteristics: 1. Abnormality in case of /a/, /epsilon/, /e/, /i/ F2 and /e/, /a/ F1. 2. Significantly elongated length in their pronunciation of /h/ and /Ch/ and somewhat elongated length also in their pronunciation of /s/ and /c/. 3. Significant upper lip activity according to the EMG test during pronunciation of the bilabial consonants. 4. Relatively weak tongue force according to the strain gauge measurement. 5. According to the speech discrimination test, high rate of misarticulation in case of (a) initial /p/ /s'/ and /ts'/, (b) /a/, /epsilon/, /e/, /je/, /o/, /phi/, /jo/, /u/, /we/, and /i/ (c) final /eta/.
Articulation Disorders ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; Open Bite* ; Speech Discrimination Tests ; Tongue