An apigenin molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by bulk polymerization using apigenin as template, acrylamide (AA) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as a crosslinking agent, acetonitrile and N, N-dimethylformamide as porogenic solvents, and 2, 2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The interaction between template and functional monomer was proved by ultraviolet visible (UV) spectrophotometry and based on the results, appropriate reaction solvent was selected and the synthesizing process was estimated. The molecularly imprinted polymer structure was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry. The molecularly imprinted polymer was investigated in equilibrium binding experiment to evaluate its adsorption property, the results showed that the adsorption of apigenin on molecularly imprinted polymer is higher than that on blank polymer in the studied concentration range (0.1-2.5 mmol x L(-1)). Scatchard analysis showed that two classes of binding sites existed in the apigenin imprinted polymers, with their KD and Qmax estimated to be 2.52 x 10(-4), 0.54 x 10(-3) mmol x L(-1) and 2.65, 18.89 micromol x g(-1), respectively. Molecularly imprinted polymer showed higher affinity than blank polymer.
Apigenin ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Molecular Imprinting ; Molecular Structure ; Polymers ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

OBJECTIVEIt is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae.

METHODSThe key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae were optimized by employing an orthogonal experiment [L(9)(3)(4)], including the ratio of buffer solution (Na(2)B(4)O(7)·10H(2)O) to raw material, concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in extracting solution, extraction time and pH of buffer solution. An UV/Vis detector was used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted flavonid with the using of the standard sample.

RESULTSThe maximum extraction yield of the crude extract was 5.0533 (mg/g) after 20 min when the mass ratio of Na(2)B(4)O(7)·10H(2)O to raw material was 0.4%, the concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in the extraction solution was 1/12 (g/mL), and pH of buffer solution was 4.5. The positive reactions to the Molish and HCl-Mg tests suggested that the extracted compound was flavonoid, and FTIR measurements also identified the presence of flavonoid in the extracts.

CONCLUSIONThis work is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of Fructus gardenia in flavonid extraction.

Antiviral Agents ; isolation & purification ; standards ; China ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards

The purpose of this study is to investigate the intracellular transporters effect and the cytotoxicity of carboxyl nanodiamond (CND) - podophyllotoxin (PPT). Nanodiamond (ND) was treated with mixed carboxylic acid and finally got 64 nm CND by centrifugation, and then it was reacted with PPT to form CND-PPT. UV spectrophotometry was used to calculate the content of PPT in CND-PPT, the particle size distribution and zeta potential were measured by Dynamic laser scattering instrument. CND, PPT, CND-PPT and CND + PPT (physical mixture of CND and PPT) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, at the same time, thermal analysis and element analysis were used to estimate the content of the PPT in CND-PPT. The affect of CND, PPT, CND-PPT on HeLa cell was measured with MTT assay. The results showed that content of PPT combined with CND accounted for about 10%. MTT assay showed that CND has low cytotoxicity and CND-PPT can increase the water soluble of PPT. As a conclusion, CND as a hydrophilic pharmaceutical carrier combined with PPT is able to increase the water solubility of PPT, at low concentration, CND-PPT can enhance the antitumor activity in comparison with PPT, so CND can be used as a potential anticancer drug carrier.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Carboxylic Acids ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; HeLa Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Nanodiamonds ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Podophyllotoxin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Solubility ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

SHG was sulfated by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method, and six samples which we got were prepared in different reaction conditions. There is a characteristic absorption peak near 260 nm in UV spectra and there are two characteristic absorption peaks near 1240 cm(-1) and 810 cm(-1) in the FT-IR. Degree of sulfation (DS) was calculated by elemental analysis and turbidimetry. Under the same conditions the absorption peaks become strong with the DS increase. The anticoagulant activity of SHG and sulfated modification samples was evaluated by the classic coagulant assays of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombin time (APTT) live enzymes, and plasma thrombin time (TT). Results show that sulfated SHG has a good anticoagulant activity in vitro, and DS increased activity within a certain range.
Animals ; Anticoagulants ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Glucans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Sulfonic Acids ; chemistry ; Thrombin Time

To reveal the possible mechanism of silica deposition in higher plants, lignin was isolated from rice straw following a modified method to conduct a simulation experiment in vitro. UV and infrared absorption spectra showed that the substance had the unique characteristics of pure lignin. The presence of silicon in the precipitation was revealed by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) with EDXA (energy dispersive X-ray analysis) device. It was found that in the borax solution where lignin precipitation occurred silica-lignin co-precipitation was produced but not in the DMSO solution where lignin was broken into its composition compounds and did not precipitate. This means that it is macromolecular lignin itself but not its compounds that could induce silica deposition in higher plants.
Lignin ; analysis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Oryza ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Silicon Dioxide ; analysis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Humans ; Isoniazid ; blood ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

A new spectrophotometry was described for the simultaneous analysis of pseudoephedrine sulfate-Ioratadine combination. The derivative spectrophotometry dA/d values were read at zero-crossing point. Mean recoveries were found to be more than 98% for these compound in mixture. The procedure does not require any separation step and proven to be rapid, simple and accurate for determination of the mentioned sample or corresponding multi-component mixture
Spectrophotometry ; Ultraviolet Therapy ; Loratadine ; tablets

This article explores the possible influencing factor and regular pattern of temperature rise induced by photo-thermal effect of gold nanorods when irradiated with near infrared region (NIR) laser. We used transmission electron microscope and UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer to characterize gold nanorods, then used 808 nm NIR laser with different power to irradiate the gold nanorods in different conditions and measured the temperature of the above solution. The higher the concentration of gold nanorods, the faster the temperature rose and the bigger its amplitude was. When the concentration of gold nanorods was fixed, the relation between power of laser and amplitude of temperature rise was linear. Temperature rise was also related to the shape of container. It could be concluded that amplitude of temperature rise of gold nanorods reaction system was related with concentration of the particles, irradiated power and shape of the container, so that we could control the temperature easily by regulating the irradiated power size of NIR laser in the experiments.
Gold ; Lasers ; Light ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Nanotubes ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Temperature

Based on the infrared spectra of Lophatheri Herba and Commelinae Herba, one-dimensional infrared spectra, second derivative spectra and two-dimensional correlated spectra were used to find out the differences between Lophatheri Herba and its imitations, respectively. The common peak ratio and variant peak ratio dual-indexes sequential were calculated and established according to infrared spectra of eleven batches of herbs. Infrared spectral data of Lophatheri Herba cluster analysis was applied to explore the similarity between each sample. The grouping results trend of sequential analysis of dual-indexes and cluster analysis was accordant. The results showed that the differences could be found by multi-level identification, and the source and the quality of the herbs could be effectively distinguished by the two analysis methods. Infrared spectroscopy, used in the present work exhibited some advantages on quick procedures, less sample required, and reliable results, which could provide a new method for the identification of traditional Chinese medicine with the imitations and adulterants, and the control of quality and origin.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; methods

The chrome content of 8 Korean cements and 11 Korean bleaching detrgents was analyzed by the qualitative DPC method and the quantitative atomic absorption spectrophotometry and UV-visible spectrophotometry. In cements, there was no detectable chrome in 1 sample and the range of chrome content in other 7 samples was 1.32 5.29ppm. The qualitative result was welJ. correlated with the quantitative result. In bleaching detergents, there was no detectable chrome in 4 samples and the range of chrome content in other 7 samples was 0.0329 0.362ppm. However, the qualitative result was not correlated with the quantitative result.
Detergents* ; Spectrophotometry ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic