Purpose: This study investigates the medical application of X-rays and radium in treating female patients in 1930s Korea. Methods This research analyzes 1930s newspapers, medical journals, and women’s magazines to explore public perceptions of the healing and harmful effects of therapeutic radiation. Results: This study found that women’s bodies served as key sites for introducing new medical knowledge and technologies. Identified primarily as patients, housewives, and consumers, women contributed to normalizing radiation use in public and domestic settings, despite the lack of established safety standards. The transnational flow of medical devices, expertise, and personnel also highlighted both shared and distinct experiences of radiation therapy across national and imperial boundaries. Conclusion: While no direct causality links those varied experiences, comparing cases such as a Korean woman skeptical of radiation for breast cancer, a Japanese housewife who sued over radiation burns, and an American nurse whose expertise with X-rays conflicted with her caregiving role, offer insights into the meaning of modern medicine in colonial Korea.

Purpose: This study investigates the medical application of X-rays and radium in treating female patients in 1930s Korea. Methods This research analyzes 1930s newspapers, medical journals, and women’s magazines to explore public perceptions of the healing and harmful effects of therapeutic radiation. Results: This study found that women’s bodies served as key sites for introducing new medical knowledge and technologies. Identified primarily as patients, housewives, and consumers, women contributed to normalizing radiation use in public and domestic settings, despite the lack of established safety standards. The transnational flow of medical devices, expertise, and personnel also highlighted both shared and distinct experiences of radiation therapy across national and imperial boundaries. Conclusion: While no direct causality links those varied experiences, comparing cases such as a Korean woman skeptical of radiation for breast cancer, a Japanese housewife who sued over radiation burns, and an American nurse whose expertise with X-rays conflicted with her caregiving role, offer insights into the meaning of modern medicine in colonial Korea.

Purpose: This study investigates the medical application of X-rays and radium in treating female patients in 1930s Korea. Methods This research analyzes 1930s newspapers, medical journals, and women’s magazines to explore public perceptions of the healing and harmful effects of therapeutic radiation. Results: This study found that women’s bodies served as key sites for introducing new medical knowledge and technologies. Identified primarily as patients, housewives, and consumers, women contributed to normalizing radiation use in public and domestic settings, despite the lack of established safety standards. The transnational flow of medical devices, expertise, and personnel also highlighted both shared and distinct experiences of radiation therapy across national and imperial boundaries. Conclusion: While no direct causality links those varied experiences, comparing cases such as a Korean woman skeptical of radiation for breast cancer, a Japanese housewife who sued over radiation burns, and an American nurse whose expertise with X-rays conflicted with her caregiving role, offer insights into the meaning of modern medicine in colonial Korea.

This article surveys studies focusing on pre-modern Korean medicine, which are both written in English and analyzed primary sources up to 1876. Overall, the history of pre-modern Korean medicine is an unknown filed in Anglophone academia. Yung Sik Kim's, James Palais's, and Carter Ecart's problematization of the nationalist framework of Korean scholarship partially explains the marginality of the field. Addressing these criticisms, this review argues that pre-modern Korean medicine's uneasy task lies in both elaborating Korea's own experience of medicine, while simultaneously avoiding making the "Korean" category itself essential. Korean narratives of premodern medicine need to go beyond the mere territorilalization of Korean medicine against its Chinese, Japanese, or Western counterparts, thereby to tackle the field's own boundary of research objects. The existing scholarship in English responds to this challenge by primarily examining the way in which Korea has shared textual tradition with China. Sirhak scholars' innovation in medicine, visual representation of Tongui bogam, Korean management of epidemics in the eleventh century, and Korean indexing of local botanicals, engages not only native achievements, but also the process of modifying medicine across geographical and political boundaries. More to the point, the emerging native narratives, although written in Korean, are implicitly resonant with those currently present in Anglophone academia. Taking "tension," "intertextuality," and "local traits" as a lens, this article assesses a series of current research in Korea. Aiming to go beyond appeals for a "distinctively" Korean experience of medicine, the future study of Korean pre-modern medicine will further elucidate confluences of different flows, such as "Chinese and Korean," "universal and local," "center and periphery," and "native and foreign," which will eventually articulate a range of Korean techniques of creating a bricolage in medicine.
History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, Medieval ; Medicine, Korean Traditional/*history ; Republic of Korea

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the experiences of dialysis and their meaning among patients with chronic kidney disease through a meta-synthesis of the existing literature. Since 2010, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease has doubled in South Korea, which has the sixth-highest incidence worldwide. Although most kidney disease patients undergo dialysis to attenuate disease-related symptoms and prolong their lives, the implications of dialysis on their lives, together with the role played by patients’ significant others, remain underexplored. Similarly, existing research has not considered both patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Methods: In this meta-synthesis, seven electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, DBpia, KISS, and RISS) were searched for the terms “dialysis” and “qualitative.” Thirty qualitative studies were selected for examination. Results: The overriding theme observed in the studies was “I do not have much time left.”–navigating the dual realities of one’s limited existence, while other key themes were: (1) the inevitable experience of the troubles of dialysis, (2) life is extended, but deteriorating in every aspect, (3) accepting dialysis with a positive outlook for life, and (4) essential support experienced in an exhausting life. Conclusion These findings are important for the design and delivery of practical and tailored nursing interventions to help patients overcome the various challenges related to dialysis treatment, and improve their quality of life.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the experiences of dialysis and their meaning among patients with chronic kidney disease through a meta-synthesis of the existing literature. Since 2010, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease has doubled in South Korea, which has the sixth-highest incidence worldwide. Although most kidney disease patients undergo dialysis to attenuate disease-related symptoms and prolong their lives, the implications of dialysis on their lives, together with the role played by patients’ significant others, remain underexplored. Similarly, existing research has not considered both patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Methods: In this meta-synthesis, seven electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, DBpia, KISS, and RISS) were searched for the terms “dialysis” and “qualitative.” Thirty qualitative studies were selected for examination. Results: The overriding theme observed in the studies was “I do not have much time left.”–navigating the dual realities of one’s limited existence, while other key themes were: (1) the inevitable experience of the troubles of dialysis, (2) life is extended, but deteriorating in every aspect, (3) accepting dialysis with a positive outlook for life, and (4) essential support experienced in an exhausting life. Conclusion These findings are important for the design and delivery of practical and tailored nursing interventions to help patients overcome the various challenges related to dialysis treatment, and improve their quality of life.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the experiences of dialysis and their meaning among patients with chronic kidney disease through a meta-synthesis of the existing literature. Since 2010, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease has doubled in South Korea, which has the sixth-highest incidence worldwide. Although most kidney disease patients undergo dialysis to attenuate disease-related symptoms and prolong their lives, the implications of dialysis on their lives, together with the role played by patients’ significant others, remain underexplored. Similarly, existing research has not considered both patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Methods: In this meta-synthesis, seven electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, DBpia, KISS, and RISS) were searched for the terms “dialysis” and “qualitative.” Thirty qualitative studies were selected for examination. Results: The overriding theme observed in the studies was “I do not have much time left.”–navigating the dual realities of one’s limited existence, while other key themes were: (1) the inevitable experience of the troubles of dialysis, (2) life is extended, but deteriorating in every aspect, (3) accepting dialysis with a positive outlook for life, and (4) essential support experienced in an exhausting life. Conclusion These findings are important for the design and delivery of practical and tailored nursing interventions to help patients overcome the various challenges related to dialysis treatment, and improve their quality of life.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the experiences of dialysis and their meaning among patients with chronic kidney disease through a meta-synthesis of the existing literature. Since 2010, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease has doubled in South Korea, which has the sixth-highest incidence worldwide. Although most kidney disease patients undergo dialysis to attenuate disease-related symptoms and prolong their lives, the implications of dialysis on their lives, together with the role played by patients’ significant others, remain underexplored. Similarly, existing research has not considered both patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Methods: In this meta-synthesis, seven electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, DBpia, KISS, and RISS) were searched for the terms “dialysis” and “qualitative.” Thirty qualitative studies were selected for examination. Results: The overriding theme observed in the studies was “I do not have much time left.”–navigating the dual realities of one’s limited existence, while other key themes were: (1) the inevitable experience of the troubles of dialysis, (2) life is extended, but deteriorating in every aspect, (3) accepting dialysis with a positive outlook for life, and (4) essential support experienced in an exhausting life. Conclusion These findings are important for the design and delivery of practical and tailored nursing interventions to help patients overcome the various challenges related to dialysis treatment, and improve their quality of life.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the immunologic profile of children with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) in order to approach pathophysiology affected by host factors. Methods: A total of 10 children with PIBO were prospectively enrolled. We obtained information on demographics from their caregiver and electric medical records. Peripheral blood samples were collected before cyclic systemic methylprednisolone therapy and complete blood count, immunoglobulin level and lymphocyte subset were analyzed. Results: The white blood cell count and immunoglobulin level were within the normal range in children with PIBO. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio was not significantly different from those of the healthy control group. A decreased proportion of both central memory T cells (median [interquartile range]; 13.5% [8.3%–16.3%] vs. 18.5% [15.9%–24.1%], P = 0.01) and effector memory T cells (10.3% [5.0%–18.4%] vs. 20.9% [16.6%–26.3%], P = 0.03) in CD4+T cells was observed in the PIBO group compared with those in the control group. In CD8+T cells, the proportion of effector memory T cells (7.8% [4.2%–13.8%] vs. 24.3% [15.3%–27.9%], P = 0.02) and CD45RA+effector memory T cells (16.2% [11.0%–36.6%] vs. 24.2% [17.1%–39.7%], P = 0.04) was decreased in the patient group compared with the control group. Conclusion It is suggested that T lymphocyte subset abnormalities may be associated with a decrease in the ability to differentiate the T cells immediately upon reinfection and induce an effective response to infection. These results may partially explain the pathophysiological individual vulnerabilities to PIBO after lower respiratory tract infections in children.

OBJECTIVE: Autophagy contributes to the clearance and recycling of macromolecules and organelles in response to stress. We previously reported that vitrified mouse oocytes show acute increases in autophagy during warming. Herein, we investigate the potential role of Atg7 in oocyte vitrification by using an oocyte-specific deletion model of the Atg7 gene, a crucial upstream gene in the autophagic pathway. METHODS: Oocyte-specific Atg7 deficient mice were generated by crossing Atg7 floxed mice and Zp3-Cre transgenic mice. The oocytes were vitrified-warmed and then subjected to in vitro fertilization and development. The rates of survival, fertilization, and development were assessed in the Atg7 deficient oocytes in comparison with the wildtype oocytes. Light chain 3 (LC3) immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine whether this method effectively evaluates the autophagy status of oocytes. RESULTS: The survival rate of vitrified-warmed Atg7(f/f);Zp3-Cre (Atg7(d/d)) metaphase II (MII) oocytes was not significantly different from that of the wildtype (Atg7(f/f)) oocytes. Fertilization and development in the Atg7(d/d) oocytes were significantly lower than the Atg7(f/f) oocytes, comparable to the Atg5d/d oocytes previously described. Notably, the developmental rate improved slightly in vitrified-warmed Atg7(d/d) MII oocytes when compared to fresh Atg7(d/d) oocytes. LC3 immunofluorescence staining showed that this method can be reliably used to assess autophagic activation in oocytes. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the LC3-positive signal is nearly absent in Atg7(d/d) oocytes. While autophagy is induced during the warming process after vitrification of MII oocytes, the Atg7 gene is not essential for survival of vitrified-warmed oocytes. Thus, induction of autophagy during warming of vitrified MII oocytes seems to be a natural response to manage cold or other cellular stresses.
Animals ; Autophagy ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Genes, vif ; Metaphase ; Mice* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oocytes* ; Organelles ; Recycling ; Survival Rate ; Vitrification*