The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sustainability management (SM) at coffee houses on customers' store image and behavioral intention. In addition, customers' willingness to pay a premium for sustainable coffee houses was studied. During October 2011, a web survey was conducted via an on-line research company with customers aged 20 to 39 visiting one of the top five coffee houses in Korea at least once a month. A total of 300 targeted customers responded and all the data were analyzed. An exploratory factor analysis derived two dimensions of SM: SM in Social and Environmental Perspective and SM in Economic Perspective. The result of structural equation modeling indicated that SM in Economic Perspective at coffee houses had a significant positive effect on customers' behavioral intention with mediating effect by store image, but SM in Social and Environmental Perspective did not have such effect. Approximately one-third (31%) of the respondents were willing to pay a premium for a sustainable coffee house in a scenario. approximately 84% of the respondents unwilling to pay a premium for the sustainable coffee house chose the cost-related reasons including "Coffee price at the coffee house that they most often visit is already expensive (62.3%)" for such unwillingness. The results of this study showed that SM of coffee houses, especially that in Economic Perspective, could contribute to store image, and therefore increase customers' favorable behavioral intention, although the additional cost resulted from such SM practices might not be easily accommodated by customers.
Aged ; Coffee ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Intention ; Korea ; Negotiating

Purpose: To increase a comprehensive understanding of the children’s mental health who have a parent with a mental illness in Korea. Methods: The integrative review method by Whittemore and Knafl was applied. Online databases were searched that focused on children of a parent with a mental illness. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the quality of the selected articles. Results: Fourteen articles were selected for the final data analysis. Majority of the articles addressed about the mental health issues and disadvantages that the children of a parent with a mental illness have. Compared to the mental health issues and disadvantages discussed, intervention programs were not much and the sample were not enough to achieve statistical significance. Conclusion The results of this integrative review have implications for planning and implementing appropriate intervention programs to promote mental health in children of a parent with a mental illness in future.

Purpose: To increase a comprehensive understanding of the children’s mental health who have a parent with a mental illness in Korea. Methods: The integrative review method by Whittemore and Knafl was applied. Online databases were searched that focused on children of a parent with a mental illness. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the quality of the selected articles. Results: Fourteen articles were selected for the final data analysis. Majority of the articles addressed about the mental health issues and disadvantages that the children of a parent with a mental illness have. Compared to the mental health issues and disadvantages discussed, intervention programs were not much and the sample were not enough to achieve statistical significance. Conclusion The results of this integrative review have implications for planning and implementing appropriate intervention programs to promote mental health in children of a parent with a mental illness in future.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore family members’ caring experiences of schizophrenia patients during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Seventeen family caregivers participated in this study. Focus group and individual interviews were conducted from February to March 2022. Content analysis was applied for the data analysis. Results: Three categories were derived. First, healthcare aspects with three subcategories: increased difficulties in hospitalization process, complete separation of mental health inpatient, and difficulties in implementing quarantine guidelines. Second, rehabilitation aspects with three subcategories: broken daily lives, pity for lost recovery chance, a ruled out life, and nothing different from the pre-pandemic period. Finally, familial aspects with three subcategories: necessity of reorganizing medical system, necessity of national-led care system, and necessity of face-to-face programs. Conclusion Family members’ of schizophrenia patients had various challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides evidence for mental health professionals to expand their perspectives of families of schizophrenia during possible infectious disease disasters in the future.

This study was conducted to examine trends in research about nurse educators in Korean hospitals. The methodological framework consisted of previous work by Arksey and O’Malley. A literature search was performed of electronic databases, such as RISS, KISS, CINAHL, and PubMed, from January 2000 to June 2022. Each study was collated and analyzed, and the studies’ data were abstracted into the following categories: publication year, study design, study participants, and education program details. Eight studies were reviewed. Most of the studies were published after 2020 (87.5%). The most frequently used design was quasi-experimental (50.0%). There were three studies whose subjects were nursing educators and five studies were conducted on programs in which nurse educators participated. In Korean medical institutions, clinical nurse educators have various roles, including the development and operation of programs and serving as facilitators and evaluators. In most studies, knowledge and skills were measured as outcome variables of educational programs led by nurse educators. The roles of nurse educators were diverse in Korean medical institutions. Therefore, a program to enhance the competency of nurse educators is needed. Judging from the effects of nurse educators in Korean medical institutions, it is necessary to expand the nurse educator system, and additional research on nurse educators should be conducted.

This study was performed to evaluate the restoration combined with resin infiltration (RI) of early cavitated smooth surface caries lesion in terms of microleakage. Flowable resin and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) were compared. Sound 20 extracted 3rd molars were divided into 2 groups randomly. Artificial decalcified lesion was induced. Cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces, and randomly set as experimental and control group. RI was applied to the experimental group before cavity restoration. The control group was restored without RI. In group I and II, flowable resin and RMGIC was used for restoration respectively. After thermocycling and silver nitrate immersion, microleakage was assessed by μ-CT. Depth of microleakage was lower in experimental group than control group only in group II (p = 0.05). Microleakage depth was lower in group II than group I in both xperimental and control groups (p = 0.05). RI pretreatment before restoration of early cavitated caries lesions might reduce the microleakage and help long-term maintenance of restoration. In this study, RMGIC was less polymerization shrinkage. Restoration with RMGIC after RI pretreatment reduced the microleakage of the restoration compared to the flowable resin.

No abstract available.
Blood Cell Count* ; Plasmodium vivax* ; Plasmodium*

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the survival rate by comparing Class II restoration using flowable resin composite with stainless steel crown in primary molars.
Electronic medical records and radiographs of 1,504 primary molars with proximal caries of 590 patients from June 2015 to August 2019 were analyzed. With the collected data, survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method.
The 1-year survival rate of flowable resin composite in the primary molar was 98.5%, 3-year survival rate was 87.7%, and mean survival time was 39 months. There was no statistically significant difference between flowable resin composite and stainless steel crown (p = 0.896).
Within the limits of this study, Class II restoration using flowable resin composite can be considered a promising option for the treatment of proximal caries in primary molars.

This study aimed to analyze the preoperative factors of immature first molars treated with vital pulp therapy and to find out their correlation in pediatric patients. From May 2014 to January 2020, 523 patients and 1,242 immature first molars were investigated. Factors including age, sex, tooth location, Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), caries cavity location, and history of previous restoration were evaluated. As a result of the study, the vital pulp therapy group had 5.56 times more MIH, 3.39 times more mesial cavities, and 8.73 times more distal cavities. In order to avoid vital pulp therapy in immature first molar, early diagnosis and active management of MIH and preventive treatment of mesial and distal caries are necessary after its immediate eruption.

This study was aimed to evaluate orofacial morphologies on the cases of developmental disorders of maxillary first molars.Panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalographs, and clinical photos of 2983 children who attended the Pediatric Dental Clinic of Pusan National University Dental Hospital from 2006 to August 2017 were assessed retrospectively. 34 patients were selected whose maxillary first molars were missed or developmentally delayed unilaterally or bilaterally. Demirjian' s method was used for estimating dental age, then which was compared to chronologic age of children. Parameters expressing skeletal and dentoalveolar disharmony were checked and compared with control. Additionally, occlusion relationship was evaluated.Maxillary dental age was significantly delayed compared to chronologic age. Several parameters which show skeletal open-bite tendency and skeletal class III malocclusion with maxillary retrusion were statistically significant. Anterior crossbite and edge-bite were expected in most of these cases, but compensation by occlusion and soft tissue was also verified which might mask skeletal class III tendency.Congenital missed or developmentally delayed maxillary first molars might be related with declined growth of maxilla. If developmental disorders of maxillary first molars were verified during clinical examination, careful monitoring of orofacial growth was necessary during puberty and timed orthopedic and orthodontic intervention were considered.
Adolescent ; Busan ; Child ; Compensation and Redress ; Dental Clinics ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Masks ; Maxilla ; Methods ; Molar ; Orthopedics ; Puberty ; Retrognathia ; Retrospective Studies