No abstract available.
Blastocyst* ; Female ; Humans ; Oocytes* ; Parturition* ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

This study aimed to analyze the preoperative factors of immature first molars treated with vital pulp therapy and to find out their correlation in pediatric patients. From May 2014 to January 2020, 523 patients and 1,242 immature first molars were investigated. Factors including age, sex, tooth location, Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), caries cavity location, and history of previous restoration were evaluated. As a result of the study, the vital pulp therapy group had 5.56 times more MIH, 3.39 times more mesial cavities, and 8.73 times more distal cavities. In order to avoid vital pulp therapy in immature first molar, early diagnosis and active management of MIH and preventive treatment of mesial and distal caries are necessary after its immediate eruption.

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder that affects 4% to 22% of the population in the United States. While cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) remains the gold standard for non-pharmacological treatment, accessibility barriers exist owing to a shortage of trained professionals and high costs. This review examines the efficacy of the individual components of CBT-I as stand-alone interventions to improve treatment accessibility, digital CBT-I, and other non-pharmacological interventions. Guidelines from organizations such as the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and, European Sleep Research Society, along with recent meta-analyses, support the effectiveness of these components as stand-alone treatments. Sleep restriction therapy and stimulus control therapy show promise as effective interventions. Although recommended by certain guidelines, relaxation therapy has yielded mixed results. Sleep hygiene education, a common component of CBT-I, has not demonstrated significant efficacy as a stand-alone treatment. Cognitive strategies have shown promise in recent studies. Sufficient clinical evidence supports the efficacy of digital CBT-I in treating insomnia. Internationally, various platforms for digital CBT-I have already been developed and are in use, and in South Korea, some digital CBT-I software programs have received digital therapeutic device approval in 2023. This review highlights the potential of individual components of CBT-I as effective stand-alone interventions for insomnia, as well as digital CBT-I, emphasizing their importance for improving the accessibility of non-pharmacological insomnia treatments in clinical settings where full CBT-I may not be available.

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder that affects 4% to 22% of the population in the United States. While cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) remains the gold standard for non-pharmacological treatment, accessibility barriers exist owing to a shortage of trained professionals and high costs. This review examines the efficacy of the individual components of CBT-I as stand-alone interventions to improve treatment accessibility, digital CBT-I, and other non-pharmacological interventions. Guidelines from organizations such as the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and, European Sleep Research Society, along with recent meta-analyses, support the effectiveness of these components as stand-alone treatments. Sleep restriction therapy and stimulus control therapy show promise as effective interventions. Although recommended by certain guidelines, relaxation therapy has yielded mixed results. Sleep hygiene education, a common component of CBT-I, has not demonstrated significant efficacy as a stand-alone treatment. Cognitive strategies have shown promise in recent studies. Sufficient clinical evidence supports the efficacy of digital CBT-I in treating insomnia. Internationally, various platforms for digital CBT-I have already been developed and are in use, and in South Korea, some digital CBT-I software programs have received digital therapeutic device approval in 2023. This review highlights the potential of individual components of CBT-I as effective stand-alone interventions for insomnia, as well as digital CBT-I, emphasizing their importance for improving the accessibility of non-pharmacological insomnia treatments in clinical settings where full CBT-I may not be available.

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder that affects 4% to 22% of the population in the United States. While cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) remains the gold standard for non-pharmacological treatment, accessibility barriers exist owing to a shortage of trained professionals and high costs. This review examines the efficacy of the individual components of CBT-I as stand-alone interventions to improve treatment accessibility, digital CBT-I, and other non-pharmacological interventions. Guidelines from organizations such as the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and, European Sleep Research Society, along with recent meta-analyses, support the effectiveness of these components as stand-alone treatments. Sleep restriction therapy and stimulus control therapy show promise as effective interventions. Although recommended by certain guidelines, relaxation therapy has yielded mixed results. Sleep hygiene education, a common component of CBT-I, has not demonstrated significant efficacy as a stand-alone treatment. Cognitive strategies have shown promise in recent studies. Sufficient clinical evidence supports the efficacy of digital CBT-I in treating insomnia. Internationally, various platforms for digital CBT-I have already been developed and are in use, and in South Korea, some digital CBT-I software programs have received digital therapeutic device approval in 2023. This review highlights the potential of individual components of CBT-I as effective stand-alone interventions for insomnia, as well as digital CBT-I, emphasizing their importance for improving the accessibility of non-pharmacological insomnia treatments in clinical settings where full CBT-I may not be available.

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder that affects 4% to 22% of the population in the United States. While cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) remains the gold standard for non-pharmacological treatment, accessibility barriers exist owing to a shortage of trained professionals and high costs. This review examines the efficacy of the individual components of CBT-I as stand-alone interventions to improve treatment accessibility, digital CBT-I, and other non-pharmacological interventions. Guidelines from organizations such as the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and, European Sleep Research Society, along with recent meta-analyses, support the effectiveness of these components as stand-alone treatments. Sleep restriction therapy and stimulus control therapy show promise as effective interventions. Although recommended by certain guidelines, relaxation therapy has yielded mixed results. Sleep hygiene education, a common component of CBT-I, has not demonstrated significant efficacy as a stand-alone treatment. Cognitive strategies have shown promise in recent studies. Sufficient clinical evidence supports the efficacy of digital CBT-I in treating insomnia. Internationally, various platforms for digital CBT-I have already been developed and are in use, and in South Korea, some digital CBT-I software programs have received digital therapeutic device approval in 2023. This review highlights the potential of individual components of CBT-I as effective stand-alone interventions for insomnia, as well as digital CBT-I, emphasizing their importance for improving the accessibility of non-pharmacological insomnia treatments in clinical settings where full CBT-I may not be available.

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder that affects 4% to 22% of the population in the United States. While cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) remains the gold standard for non-pharmacological treatment, accessibility barriers exist owing to a shortage of trained professionals and high costs. This review examines the efficacy of the individual components of CBT-I as stand-alone interventions to improve treatment accessibility, digital CBT-I, and other non-pharmacological interventions. Guidelines from organizations such as the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and, European Sleep Research Society, along with recent meta-analyses, support the effectiveness of these components as stand-alone treatments. Sleep restriction therapy and stimulus control therapy show promise as effective interventions. Although recommended by certain guidelines, relaxation therapy has yielded mixed results. Sleep hygiene education, a common component of CBT-I, has not demonstrated significant efficacy as a stand-alone treatment. Cognitive strategies have shown promise in recent studies. Sufficient clinical evidence supports the efficacy of digital CBT-I in treating insomnia. Internationally, various platforms for digital CBT-I have already been developed and are in use, and in South Korea, some digital CBT-I software programs have received digital therapeutic device approval in 2023. This review highlights the potential of individual components of CBT-I as effective stand-alone interventions for insomnia, as well as digital CBT-I, emphasizing their importance for improving the accessibility of non-pharmacological insomnia treatments in clinical settings where full CBT-I may not be available.

OBJECTIVE: Under estrogen deficiency, blastocysts cannot initiate implantation and enter dormancy. Dormant blastocysts live longer in utero than normal blastocysts, and autophagy has been suggested as a mechanism underlying the sustained survival of dormant blastocysts during delayed implantation. Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway and a central component of the integrated stress response. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced within cells during normal metabolism, but their levels increase dramatically under stressful conditions. We investigated whether heightened autophagy in dormant blastocysts is associated with the increased oxidative stress under the unfavorable condition of delayed implantation. METHODS: To visualize ROS production, day 8 (short-term dormancy) and day 20 (long-term dormancy) dormant blastocysts were loaded with 1-microM 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA). To block autophagic activation, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and wortmannin were used in vivo and in vitro, respectively. RESULTS: We observed that ROS production was not significantly affected by the status of dormancy; in other words, both dormant and activated blastocysts showed high levels of ROS. However, ROS production was higher in the dormant blastocysts of the long-term dormancy group than in those of the short-term group. The addition of wortmannin to dormant blastocysts in vitro and 3-MA injection in vivo significantly increased ROS production in the short-term dormant blastocysts. In the long-term dormant blastocysts, ROS levels were not significantly affected by the treatment of the autophagy inhibitor. CONCLUSION: During delayed implantation, heightened autophagy in dormant blastocysts may be operative as a potential mechanism to reduce oxidative stress. Further, ROS may be one of the potential causes of compromised developmental competence of long-term dormant blastocysts after implantation.
Animals ; Autophagy* ; Blastocyst* ; Estrogens ; Mental Competency ; Metabolism ; Mice* ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species*

OBJECTIVE: Autophagy contributes to the clearance and recycling of macromolecules and organelles in response to stress. We previously reported that vitrified mouse oocytes show acute increases in autophagy during warming. Herein, we investigate the potential role of Atg7 in oocyte vitrification by using an oocyte-specific deletion model of the Atg7 gene, a crucial upstream gene in the autophagic pathway. METHODS: Oocyte-specific Atg7 deficient mice were generated by crossing Atg7 floxed mice and Zp3-Cre transgenic mice. The oocytes were vitrified-warmed and then subjected to in vitro fertilization and development. The rates of survival, fertilization, and development were assessed in the Atg7 deficient oocytes in comparison with the wildtype oocytes. Light chain 3 (LC3) immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine whether this method effectively evaluates the autophagy status of oocytes. RESULTS: The survival rate of vitrified-warmed Atg7(f/f);Zp3-Cre (Atg7(d/d)) metaphase II (MII) oocytes was not significantly different from that of the wildtype (Atg7(f/f)) oocytes. Fertilization and development in the Atg7(d/d) oocytes were significantly lower than the Atg7(f/f) oocytes, comparable to the Atg5d/d oocytes previously described. Notably, the developmental rate improved slightly in vitrified-warmed Atg7(d/d) MII oocytes when compared to fresh Atg7(d/d) oocytes. LC3 immunofluorescence staining showed that this method can be reliably used to assess autophagic activation in oocytes. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the LC3-positive signal is nearly absent in Atg7(d/d) oocytes. While autophagy is induced during the warming process after vitrification of MII oocytes, the Atg7 gene is not essential for survival of vitrified-warmed oocytes. Thus, induction of autophagy during warming of vitrified MII oocytes seems to be a natural response to manage cold or other cellular stresses.
Animals ; Autophagy ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Genes, vif ; Metaphase ; Mice* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oocytes* ; Organelles ; Recycling ; Survival Rate ; Vitrification*

BACKGROUND: Accurate typing of Duffy blood group is important because anti-Duffy antibodies cause hemolytic transfusion reaction and hemolytic disease of the newborn. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new genotyping method using high resolution melting (HRM) analysis, a rapid and inexpensive approach for high-throughput Duffy genotyping. METHODS: A total of 20 unrelated Korean blood samples were obtained and an African-black sample was used for GATA control. Phenotyping was performed by hemagglutination (DiaMed AG, Switzerland). GATA and FYA/B PCR products were obtained by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using Taq DNA polymerase (Promega, WI) and enzymes BanI and StyI (New England Biolab, UK). For HRM, PCR amplification was performed using LightCycler 480 ResoLight Dye (Roche, USA) and Lightcycer 480 (Roche, USA). RESULTS: Phenotyping and genotyping data using PCR-RFLP and HRM analysis were compared. Different types of HRM curves were obtained according to genotypes, FYA/FYA, FYB/FYB, and FYA/FYB, and to GATA mutations, homozygote FYB-33T (T/T), heterozygote FYB-33T/33C (T/C), and homozygote FYB-33C (C/C). Phenotypes 18 Fy(a+b-), 1 Fy(a+b+), 1 Fy(a-b+), and 1 Fy(a-b-) showed complete concordance with genotyping methods. Fy(a-b-) sample was found to be a FYB-33C homozygote by both genotyping methods. CONCLUSION: Phenotyping and genotyping showed concordant results and both genotyping methods using PCR-RFLP and HRM analysis showed good agreement in finding mutation in GATA and FY gene coding regions. HRM analysis is suitable and reliable for high-throughput screening for Duffy genotyping.
Antibodies ; Blood Group Antigens ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Clinical Coding ; England ; Freezing ; Genotype ; Hemagglutination ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Taq Polymerase