No abstract available.
Consciousness* ; Neurosciences* ; Philosophy*

No abstract available.
Lymphocytes* ; Macrophages* ; Nitric Oxide*

Cancer stem cells have stem cell-like features, such as the ability for self-renewal and differentiation but show unlimited growth because they have the lost normal regulation of cell growth. Cancer stem cells and normal stem cells have similar features. They show high motility, diversity of progeny, robust proliferative potential, association with blood vessels, immature expression profiles, nestin expression, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor expression, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, hedgehog pathway activity, telomerase activity, and Wnt pathway activity. On the other hand, with cancer cells, some of these signaling pathways are abnormally modified. In 1875, Cohnheim suggested the concept of cancer stem cells. Recently, evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells was identified. In 1994, the cancer stem cells'specific cell surface marker for leukemia was identified. Since then, other specific cell surface markers for cancer stem cells in solid tumors (e.g. breast and colon cancer) have been identified. In oral cancer, studies on cancer stem cells have been performed mainly with squamous cell carcinomas. Oral cancer specific cell surface markers, which are genes strongly expressed in oral cancer and cancer stem cell specific side populations, have been identified. Cancer stem cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, to eliminate malignant tumors efficiently and reduce the recurrence rate, therapy targeting cancer stem cells needs to be performed. Currently, studies targeting the cancer stem cells'specific signaling pathways, telomerase and tumor vasculatures are being done.
Antigens, Surface ; Blood Vessels ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Colon ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Hand ; Hedgehogs ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; Leukemia ; Microfilament Proteins ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Recurrence ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells ; Telomerase ; Wnt Signaling Pathway

PURPOSE: To evaluate prospectively relationship between the extent of abnornelities of fibrosing on high resolution CT and these of pulmonary function test, and bronchoalveolar lavage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 27 patients with pathologically proved UIP. We prospectivel analyzed correlation of the extent of gound glass opacity, consolidation, irregular lines with honeycombing initial CT scan and quantitative change of ground glass opacity on follow up CT scans with pulmonary function test(PFT) and bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL). RESULTS: On initial CT scan, score of extent of disease significantly correlated with FEV1(r=-0.5148, p=0. 0310) and DLco(r=--0.7102, p=0.0001). Proportion of indivisual cell in BAL was not correlated with ground glass opacity or extent of disease;lymphocyte(p=-0.0165, r=0.9616), eosinophil(p=-0.0077, r=0.9832), neutrophil: (p=-0.1732, r=0.5903). On follow up CT scan, quantitative change of ground glass opacity correlated with DLco/VA(r=-0.6825, p=0. 0025) and TLC(r=0.5248, p=0.0429). CONCLUSION: The quantitative analysis of extent of disease on HRCT is useful for evaluation of clinical statu& Also change of ground glass opacity on follow-up HRCT significantly correlated with improvement of diffusing capacity in fibrosing alveolitis.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glass ; Humans ; Neutrophils ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Respiratory Function Tests* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVES: Infererior alveolar nerve (IAN) damage may be one of the distressing complications occurring during implant placement. Because of nature of closed injury, a large proportion is approached non-invasively. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of conservative management of the injured nerve during dental implant procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients of implant related IAN injury, who were managed by medication or observation from January 1997 to March 2007 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, were retrospectively investigated. The objective tests and subjective evaluations were performed to evaluate the degree of damage and duration of sensory disturbance recovery. Tests were performed on the day of the first visit and every two months afterward. Patient's initial symptoms, proximity of the implant to the IAN, time interval between implant surgery and the first visit to our clinic, and treatment after implant surgery were analyzed to determine whether these factors affected the final outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 64 patients, 23 had a chief complaint of sensory disturbance and others with dysesthesia. The mean time until first visit to our hospital after the injury was 10.9 months.One year after nerve injury, the sensation was improved in 9 patients, whereas not improved in 38 patients, even 4 patients experienced deterioration. Better prognosis was observed in the group of patients with early visits and with implants placed or managed not too close to the IAN. CONCLUSION: Nearly 70% of patients with IAN injury during implant placement showed no improvement in sensation or dysesthesia with the conservative management. Earlier decision for active treatment needs to be considered because of possibility of deterioration of symptoms and unsatisfactory recovery.
Dental Implants ; Humans ; Mandibular Nerve ; Paresthesia ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensation ; Surgery, Oral ; Trigeminal Nerve

Acellular Dermis ; Basement Membrane ; Cell Division ; Epithelial Cells ; Feeder Cells ; Fibroblasts ; Hand ; Hemidesmosomes ; Humans ; Keratin-14 ; Keratinocytes ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mucous Membrane ; Rabbits ; Tolonium Chloride

Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Axons ; Brain ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fluorescence ; Gene Library ; Half-Life ; HEK293 Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lingual Nerve ; Microscopy ; Models, Animal ; Molar, Third ; Myelin Sheath ; Nerve Growth Factor ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neural Conduction ; Neurons ; Peripheral Nerves ; Rats ; Regeneration ; RNA, Messenger ; Schwann Cells ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sucrose ; Tongue ; Transfection ; Transplants

We have experienced two cases of bacteremia in liver cirrhosis patients caused by Vibrio parahemolyticus. One presented with acute gastroenteritidis symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea. Vibrio parahemolyticus was cultured in the blood. In the other patients showed vesicular rash in lower extremities with a positive blood culture. Both patients had been treated with intravenous fluid and antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia* ; Diarrhea ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Lower Extremity ; Vibrio* ; Vomiting

We have experienced two cases of bacteremia in liver cirrhosis patients caused by Vibrio parahemolyticus. One presented with acute gastroenteritidis symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea. Vibrio parahemolyticus was cultured in the blood. In the other patients showed vesicular rash in lower extremities with a positive blood culture. Both patients had been treated with intravenous fluid and antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia* ; Diarrhea ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Lower Extremity ; Vibrio* ; Vomiting

Ameloblastoma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Transplants