Using sorbitol - a cheap and easy-to-find material in Vietnam, the authors built a relative optimal and complete protocol to synthesize isosorbide and isosorbide dinitrate (productivity of 64%). Test purity isosorbide dinitrate and solution of 25% isosorbide dinitrate. With purity isosorbite dinitrate: qualitative analysis by IR and test by HPLC method were conducted; isosorbide dinitrate solution was test according to USP 24 and checked by this standard. All products meet USP 24 standard
Isosorbide Dinitrate ; Sorbitol

No abstract available.
Common Bile Duct* ; Isosorbide Dinitrate* ; Isosorbide*

BACKGROUND: Coronary perfusion pressure(CPP) is the most important factor for the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Therefore, CPP must be optimized during the resuscitation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of isosorbide dinitrate(Isoket(R)) on CPP during CPR. METHODS: 10 Korean dogs were divided into two groups: Group I(N=5) was resuscitated with infusion of isosorbide dinitrate(1 microgram /kg/min) and Group II(N=5) was resuscitated without using isosorbide dinitrate. Following CPR, the heart rate(HR), blood pressure(BP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output(CO), CPP and endocardial viability ratio(EVR) were measured repeatedly. RESULTS: The changes in HR were not significantly different between the two groups but systolic and diastolic BP, CO, CPP and EVR were well maintained in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the usual dosage of isosorbide dinitrate is effective in improving CPP and EVR on CPR after impending cardiac arrest.
Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Dogs ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Isosorbide Dinitrate ; Isosorbide* ; Perfusion* ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Resuscitation

In a placebo-controlled trial, we have studied the vasodilator properties of bolus dose of nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate and chlorpromazine in 38 patients during cardiopulmonary bypass with a constant pump flow. Mean arterial pressure and blood volume of the venous reservoir were recorded for 10 min after drug administration to detect changes in arteriolar resistance and venous capacitance, respectively. Nitroglycerin, 2.5 ug/kg, decreased arterial pressure, but the effect lasted for 3 minutes. Chlorpromazine, 0.1 mg/kg, decreased arterial pressure for 9 minutes. Isosorbide dinitrate, 20 ug/kg, had no significant change on arterial pressure. The venous capacitance-increasing effects of nitroglycerin and chlorpromazine were significant for 4 minutes after the bolus. Thereafter the effect of nitroglycerin began to decline, while that of chlorpromazine significantly continued. Isosorbide dinitrate had no significant change on venous reservoir level. The SVR reduction effects of nitroglycerin was significant for 3 minutes, chlorpromazine decreased SVR for over 10 minutes. In conclusion chlorpromazine effect on arterial pressure and venous capacitance was more potent and longer than nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate. Nitroglycerin and chlorpromazine effect on preload and afterload were significant after bolus dose.
Arterial Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Chlorpromazine* ; Humans ; Isosorbide Dinitrate* ; Isosorbide* ; Nitroglycerin* ; Vascular Access Devices

We have studied the vasodilating effect of bolus doses of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), nitro- glycerin (NTG), and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in 40 patients during cardiopulmonary bypass with a constant pump flow. Blood volume of the venous reservoir and mean arterial pressure were recorded for 10 minutes after drug administration to detect changes in venous capacitance and arteriolar resistance. SNP 500 ug decreased mean blood pressure significantly more than NTG and ISDN compared with placebo. NTG 500 ug decreased mean blood pressure transiently at 1-4 min but significantly reduced reservoir blood volume. ISDN 500 ug increased mean blood pressure after drug administration, decreased reservoir blood volume less than NTG. We could conclude that SNP was more effective arteriolar vasodilator than NTG and ISDN, but NTG and ISDN were effective as a venodilator during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Glycerol ; Humans ; Isosorbide Dinitrate* ; Isosorbide* ; Nitroglycerin* ; Nitroprusside* ; Sodium* ; Vascular Access Devices

Conray ventriculography is a method for the roentgenographic visualization of the cerebral ventricular system with meglumine iothalamate 60%(Conray). Although it has been known that ventriculography using Conray 60% offers definite advantages compared to that with other contrast media and untoward reactions have been reported as mild and transitory ones, a significant disadvantage is the possible development of seizures. Recently we had performed Conray ventriculogrqaphy and analized their untoward reactions in 25 cases which were previously proved hydrocephalic by cerebral angiographies, from march, 1973 to August, 1974. They included twenty cases of brain tumor and five cases of hydrocephalus. Untoward reactions were analized with respect to the different concentration of the contrast media used, communicating or noncommunicating pathway of the cerebrospinal fluid and the different sites of obstruction in the cerebrospinal fluid pathway. The results were as follows: 1. Headache and convulsion were more frequently observed in cases of ventriculography using undiluted Conray. 2. High frequency of vomiting was observed in cases with communicating pathway of the cerebrospinal fluid. 3. There seemed to be no difference in untoward reactions between the levels of obstruction in the cerebrospinal fluid pathway.
Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Contrast Media ; Headache ; Hydrocephalus ; Iothalamate Meglumine ; Seizures ; Vomiting

The authors reviewed findings of enhanced abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scans to the difference between a higher dose of conventional ionic contrast media(iothalamate meglumine) and a lower dose of a new, nonionic contrast material (ioversol). One hundred adult patients were divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 50 patients. Iothalamate meglumine and ioversol were intravenously administered in each group. The ratio of the male to female in the former was 28.22, and the latter 29:21. We examine the degree of renal streak artifact and measure the Hounsfield number of urine in renal collecting system. There were significant differences of the degree of the streak artifact depending upon the osmolality of contrast media used and that was related with urine CT number (P value<0.005). We authors conclude that nonionic low osmolar contrast media is prone to cause streak artifacts and distortions of renal image than conventional ionic high osmolar contrast media.
Adult ; Artifacts* ; Contrast Media* ; Female ; Humans ; Iothalamate Meglumine ; Kidney* ; Male ; Osmolar Concentration

In the mid 1980's, the ITA(internal thoracic artery) graft was clearly recognized to be superior to the sapheonous vein graft in respect to long term patency. Therefore, there has been growing interest in the arterial conduit with the possibility of improving the long term result. We have been performing CABG with GEA since 1998 with the same purpose. For mid-term and long-term follow up, we have been performing postoperative coronary angiography. In this paper, a case of GEA spasm, a purported drawback of this conduit, during postoperative coronary anigiography and relieved by direct infusion of 200 microgram isoket into the GEA is reported. The current case which exemplifies the spastic nature of RGEA is accompanied with coronary angiography.
Coronary Angiography* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastroepiploic Artery* ; Isosorbide Dinitrate ; Muscle Spasticity ; Spasm* ; Transplants ; Veins

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The head-up tilt test (HUT) is widely used for the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope. To improve the sensitivity of the test, provocation with isoproterenol is frequently used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the values of isosorbide dinitrate spray as a provocation drug in the HUT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred patients, undergoing baseline HUT (60 degrees for 20 minutes) for suspected vasovagal syncope or presyncope and unexplained dizziness, were enrolled. If the baseline HUT was negative, isosorbide dinitrate (2.5 mg) spray was applied sublingually (group I, n=93), or isoproterenol (3 microgram/min) infused (group II, n=93), in a randomized fashion. The values of isosorbide dinitrate and isoproterenol were compared in those patients that developed a positive vasovagal response or who completed the drug-provocative HUT. RESULTS: Syncope was similarly reproduced in both groups (47.7 vs. 41.9%, p>0.05). Type I responses were most common in both groups, and types I and II responses were more common in group I than group II (78.0 vs. 55.6% and 12.2 vs. 5.6%, p<0.05, respectively). The average time to a positive response was longer in group I than group II (8.5+/-3.4 vs. 6.1+/-3.6 minutes, p<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of the drug-provocative HUT were significantly higher in group I than group II (73.5 and 87.5% vs. 58.5 and 71.1%; respectively, p<0.01). The incidence of minor adverse effects were similar in both groups, but serious cardiac side effects were significantly more common in group II than group I (4.3 vs. 0%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate spray may be used as a simple, effective and well tolerated provocative drug during HUT.
Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Incidence ; Isoproterenol* ; Isosorbide Dinitrate ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Syncope ; Syncope, Vasovagal ; Tilt-Table Test

BACKGROUND: Multi-vessel off-pump coronary bypass surgery (OPCAB) imposes cumulative myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, which may be attenuated by continuous infusion of nitrate. However, nitrate infusion and consequent decrease in preload may be hazardous during heart displacement which causes restrictive filling of the ventricles. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of nitrate infusion on myocardial protection and hemodynamics in patients undergoing OPCAB, in a prospective, randomized and controlled trial. METHODS: Fifty patients with stable angina and left ventricular ejection fraction >40% undergoing elective, isolated, multivessel OPCAB were enrolled. Patients were randomized equally to either continuous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate 0.5microg/kg/min or same amount of normal saline during the surgery. Operative data including hemodynamic variables, intraoperative ST segment changes and postoperative cardiac enzyme release (creatine kinase-MB, troponin T) were compared. RESULTS: Patients characteristic and operative data including ST segment changes and use of vasopressors were similar between the groups except the total amount of infused crystalloid during the surgery which was significantly higher in the nitrate group. Postoperative variables including cardiac enzyme release were also similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic continuous infusion of nitrate during OPCAB exerted no additional benefit in terms of myocardial protection. It also, was not associated with accentuated decrease in cardiac output during heart displacement, and the decrease in preload seems to have been nullified by modest increase in fluid therapy.
Angina, Stable ; Cardiac Output ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Fluid Therapy ; Heart ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Isosorbide ; Isosorbide Dinitrate ; Isotonic Solutions ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke Volume ; Troponin