OBJECTIVES: A majority of South Korean adolescents experience chronic sleep-deprivation due to social jet lag. In this study, we investigated gender differences in the relationship between social jet lag, depression, and obesity in Korean children and adolescents. METHODS: Our sample consisted of 4,380 adolescents (elementary school cohort n=2,141, middle school cohort n=2,239) who participated in the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. In order to analyze the gender differences in the relationship between sleep time difference, obesity and depression, t-test and chi-square test were utilized. RESULTS: Both cohorts revealed that the difference in weekday/weekend sleep duration (2.19+/-1.42 vs. 1.68+/-1.36, p<0.001) and depression levels (20.77+/-6.29 vs. 18.87+/-6.06, p<0.001) was significantly higher in girls than boys. However, body mass index was higher in boys than girls (20.86+/-3.42 vs. 20.04+/-2.51, p<0.001). Chi-square test revealed there was a significant difference between gender and weekday/weekend sleep discrepancy group (cutoff >2 hours). Both elementary school [chi2 (1)=8.73, p<0.05] and middle school cohorts [chi2 (1)=61.29, p<0.001] showed significant gender differences. CONCLUSIONS: There were especially more girls who reported a discrepancy of 2 or more hours of weekday/weekend sleep duration. In summary, intervention for social jet lag may be important to consider in adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Body Mass Index ; Child* ; Cohort Studies ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity*

Objectives: Bedtime procrastination (BP) is defined as the behavior of voluntarily postponing bedtime without having external reasons for doing so. According to previous studies, people with reduced use of active emotion regulation strategies may use BP to cope with negative emotions. However, research about the relationship among active emotional regulation strategies, BP, and insomnia is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of BP between active emotional regulation strategies and insomnia severity. Methods: In total, 597 adults (female, 81.9%; mean age, 23.18±2.80 years) completed the Emotional Regulation Strategies Checklist, Insomnia Severity Index, and Bedtime Procrastination Scale. Results: There was a significant association between active emotional regulation strategies and BP (r=-0.152, p<0.01), between BP and insomnia severity (r=0.259, p<0.01), and between active emotional regulation strategies and insomnia severity (r=-0.128, p<0.01). BP significantly mediated the relationship between active emotional regulation strategies and insomnia severity (B=-0.024; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.04 to -0.01). Conclusions BP may be considered in the relationship between active emotional regulation strategies and insomnia severity. Understanding the mediating role of BP may help prevent insomnia.

PURPOSE: Viral gastroenteritis is a common disease in infants and children. Seizures can be associated with viral gastroenteritis as benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG). After the development of the rotavirus vaccination, norovirus has become inreasingly significant in children. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features in a pediatric population presenting with seizures and confirmed enteral viral infections, especially norovirus infections. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients aged < 15 years admitted due to convulsions and gastroenteritis to the Department of Pediatrics of Myongji Hospital between July 2014 and June 2016. RESULTS: A total of 46 patients (24 male and 22 female) were included. Norovirus was detected in 21 (45.7%) patients, adenovirus in three (6.5%), rotavirus in two (4.3%), astrovirus in one (2.2%), and none of agents were detected in 19 (41.3%) patients. Patients in the norovirus gastroenteritis (NGE) group had a higher incidence of diarrhea than that among in the non-norovirus gastroenteritis (NNGE) group (61.9% vs 28.0%; P < 0.05). Twelve patients experienced status epilepticus, including five (23.8%) in the NGE group and seven (33.0%) in the NNGE group (P=0.837). Seizures were effectively terminated by intravenous benzodiazepines in 8 (66.7%) of 12 patients. Additional long-acting antiepileptic drugs such as fosphenytoin or levetiracetam were required in three (25%) of 12 patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with CwG with and without noroviurs infection did not differ in terms of clinical features. However, status epilepticus was not uncommon among patients with CwG by definition.
Adenoviridae ; Anticonvulsants ; Benzodiazepines ; Child* ; Diarrhea ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Korea* ; Male ; Medical Records ; Norovirus ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotavirus ; Seizures* ; Status Epilepticus ; Vaccination

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) (OMIM #308300) is a rare X-linked dominant neuroectodermal multisystemic syndrome due to mutations in the gene for NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO). A term newborn girl who was born with erythematous vesicular eruptions developed recurrent seizures during the first and second weeks of her life. The serial MRIs demonstrated diffuse, progressive brain infarctions and subsequent encephalomalacia as well as brain atrophy. Skin biopsy found it was consistent with the vesicular stage of IP. Genetic analysis revealed a deletion exon 4-10 in NEMO gene associated with IP. We hereby report a Korean female baby with IP confirmed by mutation analysis of NEMO gene.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Brain/pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/*genetics ; Incontinentia Pigmenti/*genetics/pathology ; Infant, Newborn ; *Mutation ; Skin/pathology

Despite substantial progress in screening, early diagnosis, and the development of noninvasive technology, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains a major cause of cancer-associated mortality. Chemoprevention is thought to be a realistic approach for reducing the global burden of GI cancer, and efforts have been made to search for chemopreventive agents that suppress acid reflux, GI inflammation and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Thus, proton pump inhibitors, statins, monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been investigated for their potential to prevent GI cancer. Besides the development of these synthetic agents, a wide variety of the natural products present in a plant-based diet, which are commonly called phytoceuticals, have also sparked hope for the chemoprevention of GI cancer. To perform successful searches of chemopreventive agents for GI cancer, it is of the utmost importance to understand the factors contributing to GI carcinogenesis. Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of chronic inflammation in inducing genomic instability and telomere shortening and affecting polyamine metabolism and DNA repair, which may help in the search for new chemopreventive agents for GI cancer.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Biological Agents ; Chemoprevention ; Diet ; DNA Repair ; Early Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Genomic Instability ; Helicobacter pylori ; Inflammation ; Mass Screening ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Telomere Shortening ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

No abstract available.
Eyelids ; Mucocele ; Neurothekeoma

Background: Pacemakers assist circulation by generating electrical impulses. Patients with pacemakers scheduled to undergo surgery are vulnerable to device-related complications. Therefore, careful perioperative management is required to prevent undesirable events.Case: A 66-year-old man with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma was referred for liver transplantation. The pacemaker was inserted preoperatively to manage sick sinus syndrome and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Overall liver transplantation was performed without any adverse events. However, the pacemaker suddenly failed to provide regular pacing rhythm during abdominal closure. Fortunately, the native heart rate was maintained above 70 beats per minute and blood pressure did not fluctuate after pacing failure. After retrospective analysis, the duration setting of preoperative pacemaker reprogramming (24 h) was revealed as the cause of unexpected pacing failure. Conclusions Anesthesiologists should be alert in patients with pacemakers because minor errors may lead to inadvertent failure of pacing or severe hemodynamic instability.

Bone Density ; Tooth ; Transplants

Purpose: Fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) systems are used to treat inflammatory acne and scarring. Nonetheless, few controlled studies have combined this treatment with the traditional ablative fractional laser (AFL). We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the combination of FMR and AFL versus AFL alone in treating acne and acne scars. Materials and Methods: In this 20-week, randomized, split-face study, 23 Korean patients with facial acne and acne scars underwent FMR and AFL treatments. One half of each patient’s face was randomly assigned to receive FMR+AFL, whereas the other half received AFL alone. Treatments were administered in three consecutive sessions at 4-week intervals. This study investigated the severity of inflammatory acne, acne scars, individual lesion counts, depressed scar volumes, as well as patient and physician satisfaction. In addition, five patients underwent skin biopsy, and sebum output was measured. Results: The FMR+AFL treatment demonstrated superior efficacy compared to AFL alone in terms of inflammatory acne and acne scar grading, lesion counts, and subjective satisfaction. The side effects were minimal and well-tolerated in both groups. Immunohistochemical findings from skin biopsy samples revealed that the application of FMR+AFL could induce an inhibitory effect on sebum secretion at the molecular level. Conclusion FMR combined with AFL is a well-tolerated and effective treatment modality for inflammatory acne and acne scarring.

Scedosporium apiospermum is a rising opportunistic fungus that may infect immunocompetent individuals and may cause often fatal disease among the increasing immunosuppressed patient population. This pathogen is typically difficult to treat because of its particular resistance to commonly used antimycotic drugs. We describe an 83-year-old male patient with a history of long-term corticosteroid treatment for chronic prurigo simplex, who developed multiple suppurative nodules on a erythematous plaque at the right forearm. Histological examinations revealed granulomatous infiltration with hyphae and spores in dermis and fungal cultured isolation for definitive diagnosis showed S. apiospermum. Treatment was started with oral fluconazole, but skin lesions were getting worse. Then patient was treated with 200 mg of intravenouse itraconazole daily. Skin lesions showed a marked improvement after 1 week, and completely healing after 3 weeks.
Aged, 80 and over ; Dermis ; Fluconazole ; Forearm ; Fungi ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Itraconazole ; Male ; Methylmethacrylates ; Polystyrenes ; Prurigo ; Scedosporium ; Skin ; Spores