The use of pure titanium and titanium alloys have been increased recently in fixed, removable prosthodontics and implant fields as a framework. But when they were used for superstructures of implant of metal framework of removable prosthesis, welding is necessary to reconnect the fracture site to control the casting distortions. To overcome the difficulties in soldering the titanium due to high oxidation property, much effort have been devoted. In this study, some of mechanical properties were compared between pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy by usingl aser welding, electron beam welding technique and tungsten arc welding. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and microhardness were measured. And, in order to compare the effect of welding site and surrounding metal tissue according to the welding condition, SEM photographs were taken an element distribution was observed by Wave Dispersion Spectroscopy. Through analyses of the data, following results were obtained; 1. In items such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation according to the welding techniques of pure titanium, only tungsten arc welded group showed significant lower value than other groups(P<0.05). 2. In items such as tensile strength and yield strength according to the welding techniques of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, control group and tungsten arc welded group showed significant difference among all the groups(P<0.05). 3. Ti-6Al-4V alloy exhibited significantly greater elongation than control group when the laser welding method and electron beam welding method were used, and elongation showed increasing tendency. 4. Pure titanium specimens exhibited increasing tendency of microhardness regardless of the welding technique applied, and especially tungsten arc welded group demonstrated a great increase of microhardness than parent metal. 5. There was no hardness change in laser welded group and electron bean welded group of Ti-6Al-4V ally, but in tungsten arc welded group, hardness changed greatly from parent metal to weld seam. 6. Through the metallographic examination and scanning electron microscopy, laser welding caused central fusion and recristallizations were formed and tungsten arc welding caused localized fusion to 0.3-0.7mm from the surface.
Alloys ; Hardness ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Parents ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthodontics ; Spectrum Analysis ; Tensile Strength ; Titanium* ; Tungsten ; Welding*

PURPOSE: Atopic dermatitis is affected by genetic and environmental factors. Bronchial asthma often develops in atopic dermatitis children. Allergen sensitization may affect the frequency of asthma in preschool atopic dermatitis children. So, we performed this study to know the relationship between allergen sensitization and the frequency of asthma in preschool atopic dermatitis children. METHODS: Three-hundred twelve of the children with atopic dermatitis in preschool aged children were divided into 3 groups; Allergens ; Asthma* ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Pyroglyphidae

Historically, German chamomile (GC) oil has been used for treatment of skin disorders. BALB/c mice were sensitized twice a week with 100 microL of 1% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and challenged twice the following week with 100 microliter of 0.2% DNCB for atopic dermatitis induction. Thereafter, 3% GC oil was applied daily (70 microliter, 6 times week) on the dorsal skin for 4 weeks. Saline or jojoba oil was used for the control mice. Blood was collected after second DNCB challenge, and at 2 and 4 weeks after initiating oil application. Serum IgE levels were significantly lowered in the GC oil application group at the end of the 4-week application period. The GC oil application for 4 weeks resulted in reduction in serum IgG1 level compared with that after 2-week application. The GC oil application group showed a significantly lower serum histamine level than the control group 2 weeks after oil application. Scratching frequency of the GC oil application group was significantly lower than either control groups. This study is to demonstrate GC oil's immunoregulatory potential for alleviating atopic dermatitis through influencing of Th2 cell activation.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Chamomile/*immunology ; Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy/*immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Histamine/blood ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Interleukin-4/analysis ; Male ; Matricaria/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phytotherapy/*methods ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Th2 Cells/*immunology

Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of infancy. Fifteen to 30% of these patients have multiple hemangiomas. Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis (DNH) is a disease that often has a fatal outcome if left untreated, and is characterized by multiple cutaneous and visceral hemangiomas. Corticosteroids are the commonly accepted first line treatment, but if no effect is seen, further treatment is required such as interferon, surgical excision, embolization and radiotherapy. Interferon is effective, but the neurologic sequela including spastic diplegia can be a complication. We experienced a case of DHN in a neonate. In this case, the baby presented with multiple cutaneous and visceral hemangiomas with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS) that included thrombocytopenia and consumptive coagulophthy. The baby was successfully treated with vincristine after the failure of steroid therapy.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Cerebral Palsy ; Fatal Outcome ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Interferons ; Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome ; Prednisolone* ; Radiotherapy ; Thrombocytopenia ; Vincristine*

The term myotubular myopathy (MTM) implies a maturational arrest of fetal muscle during the myotubular stage of development at 8-15 weeks of gestation. Characteristic muscle histopathology consists of small hypotrophic muscle fibers with centrally placed nuclei and a surrounding clear area devoid of myofibrils. X-linked recessive inheritance is the most common trait. Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms are less frequently reported. The clinical diagnostic criterion for X-linked MTM has relied on a positive family history and the demonstration of the presence of characteristic biopsy findings from affected male subjects. Additional features may include perinatal onset, severe hypotonia, respiratory failure, dysphagia, thin ribs, contractures of the hips or knees, puffy eyelids and ophthalmoplegia. The prognosis is often fatal, and most patients die within the first year of life from respiratory failure. The authors report a case of presumed X-linked MTM with severe hypotonia, muscle weakness and respiratory failure at birth.
Biopsy ; Contracture ; Deglutition Disorders ; Eyelids ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Myofibrils ; Myopathies, Structural, Congenital* ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Ribs ; Wills

PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine the effects of image filter on observer performance by counting the number of holes at each wedge step on a radiographic image. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An aluminum step wedge with 11 steps ranged in thickness from 1.5 mm to 16.5 mm in 1.5 mm increments was fabricated for this study. Each step had 10 notched holes with 1.0 mm diameter on the bottom of the step wedge which were ranged in depths from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm in 0.1 mm increments. Digital radiographic raw images of the aluminum step wedge were acquired by using CCD intraoral sensor. The images were processed using several types of noise reduction filters and kernel sizes. Three observers counted the number of holes which could be discriminated on each step. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS: The number of holes at each step was decreased as the thickness of step was increased. The number of holes at each step on the raw images was significantly higher than that on the processed images. The number of holes was different according to the types and kernel sizes of the image filters. CONCLUSION: The types and kernel sizes of image filters on observer performance were important, therefore, they should be standardized for commercial digital imaging systems.
Aluminum ; Noise ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Radiography, Dental ; Task Performance and Analysis

No abstract available.
Etoposide* ; Fluorouracil* ; Stomach Neoplasms*