Clinical observations were made on 338 low birth weight infants, who were delivered at Pusan Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, during the 3 year periods from 1989 to 1991. The results were as follows; The incidence of LBWI was 5.6% and sex ratio was 1:1.09. Among them AGA was 62.7%. 2) Of all infants, 47.3% were in the birth weight range of 2251-2500 gm and 25.1% were in the gestational age group of 37-38 week. 3) LBWI were most prevalent among mothers under 20 years old and over 41 years old. 4) The Incidence of LBWI was higher in multiparity than primiparity and in multiple pregnancy than single pregnancy. 5) Vaginal delivery was 63.9% and c-section delivery was 36.1%. 6) The order or frequency of the etiology of LBWI was multiple pregnancy, premature rupture of membrane and toxemia. 7) The mortality rate of LBWI was 12.7% and mortality rate by weight-gestational age was lower in AGA group than SGA and LGA group. 8) A Higher mortality rate was noted in the group of lower birth weight infant, and in the group of more shortened gestational age. 9) 48.8% of death occured within ist day of birth. The common causes of death were respiratory distress syndrome, asphyxia, and apnea.
Adult ; Apnea ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Busan ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Parity ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Protestantism ; Rupture ; Sex Ratio ; Toxemia ; Young Adult

Calcaneal fractures involving subtalar joint can be associated with prolonged and severe disability. Many different methods have been tried for the treatment in order to search for better results. From March 1983 to December 1985, 8 cases of calcaneal fractures involving subtalar joint were treated by open rcduction and internal fixation. and the results were as follows: 1. Satisfactory results were obtained from 7 cases out of 8. 2. Anatomic reduction was obtained by open reduction and internal fixation. 3. When medial approach failed, combined lateral and medial approaches gave better visualization of articular fecets and ensured anatomic reduction.
Subtalar Joint

Documented lymphoma of the kidney is rare and its diagnosis is very difficult. In most cases the diagnosis is made after removal or biopsy of a kidney for suspected primary renal tumor or at autopsy. If a lymphoma of the kidney were primary, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of the local area would be essential for a cure. Herein we report a case of primary renal lymphoma in 38-yr-old man who was treated with surgical intervention and combination chemotherapy.
Autopsy ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Early Diagnosis ; Kidney* ; Lymphoma*

The effects and safety of using oral Nicardipine(NCP, Perdipine(R)) a calcium blocking agent of the dihydropyridine derivative, were assessed in 29 patients(14 males, 15 females, mean age 56.3 years) with essensed hypertension with complications of left ventricular hypertrophy and/or hypertensive retinopathy. The patients with a sitting blood pressure(BP) of more than 160/100mHg at 4th week while off all antihypertensive agents, were entered into the study and recieved NCP, 20mg tid for 2 weeks, BP being measured once every week. NCP significantly reduced. The systolic BP from 179.5+/-18.2mmHg to 143.4 +/-18.2mmHg, the diastolic BP from 112.9+/-16.2mmHg to 93.1+/-10.4mmHg and the mean BP from 135.2+/-11.7mmHg to 110.0+/-9.9mmHg(mean+/-S.D. of weekly BP for 4 weeks)(P<0.001). Fall in systolic, distolic and mean BP was 35.1+/-15.1mmHg, 20.0+/-8.3mmHg and 25.3+/-10.2mmHg, respectively. A fall in systolic BP of more than 20mmHg, in diastolic BP of more than 10mmHg and in mean BP of more than 13mmHg was obtained in 86.2%, 89.6% and 86.2% of the cases, respectively. The heart rate did not change with oral NCP. The side effects were headache, facial flushing, dizziness and palpitation, but they were tolerable. These finding suggest that NCP is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of sustained essential hypertension.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Calcium ; Dizziness ; Female ; Flushing ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypertensive Retinopathy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Male ; Nicardipine*

As the development of the percutaneous renal surgery, Ureteropelvic junction obstruction can be treated with endourologic technique instead of open surgery. Precutaneous endopyelotomy has been used mainly for the treatment of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. But it was also successful for treatment of primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Recently, we performed endopyelotomy for 3 cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction a 39 years-old male who had renal pelvic stones combined with ureteropelvic junction, a 32 years-old male with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and a 23 years-old male who had horseshoe kidney combined with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and good results were obtained.
Adult ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Clonidine depress the surge of sympathetic system outflow via central alpha 2 adrenergic effect. Still on a debate is the receptor relevant to analgesic effect of clonidine. METHODS: Intrathecal catheter(PE-10, 10 cm in length) was inserted via the atlanto-occipital membrane and the tip of intrathecal catheter was allowed to reach at the lumbar area. At the fifth day after catheter insertion, all experimental animals were ramdomly divided to two groups. Clonidine (5 microgram) in clonidine group and morphine (45 microgram) in morphine group was administered into subarachnoid space 20 minutes before tail-clamping test. Heart rate and blood pressure changes were recorded during the experimental period. Then naloxone was given intravenously 5 minutes after the first tail-clamping test. In 2 minutes after that, the second tail clamping was done. RESULTS: Results were as follows. First, comparing the highest blood pressure changes before and after administration of naloxone, the elevation of blood pressure was significant after administration of naloxone in morphine group(p<0.05), but not in clonidine group. Second, comparing the change of heart rate, in morphine group there was significant elevation of heart rate before and after administration of naloxone. And comparing the highest elevation of heart rate, morphine group showed significant difference before and after naloxone administration(p<0.05), but not in clonidine group. CONCLUSIONS: From above results, we assumed that the analgesic effect of clonidine was not related to the opiate receptor.
Adrenergic Agents ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Catheters ; Clonidine* ; Constriction ; Heart Rate ; Membranes ; Morphine ; Naloxone* ; Rats* ; Receptors, Opioid ; Subarachnoid Space

This experiment was undertaken in order to find out if there is any morphological change in oocytes and two-cell embryos whose development have been suppressed by progesterone for six hours in vitro. It can be observed that some part of the outer side of nuclear membrane of the suppressed oocytes was damaged. The number of nuclear pores has decreased in suppressed oocytes and this suggests that progesterone might suppress the transport of intermediary metabolites between cytoplasm and nucleus. Sometimes, closely packed aggregates of parallel or irregular endoplasmic reticula were observed in suppressed oocytes. Microvilli of suppresed oocytes showed signs of degradation and the perivitelline space became apparent. Thus it is presumed that the egg membrane has constricted during cultivation under progesterone in vitro. The other cell organelles such as mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, cortical granules and fibrillar lattices showed no difference in morphology between treated and control (intact) oocytes. In two-cell embryos, there was also no evident morphological change except for the fact that many vacuoles appeared clearly in suppressed embryonal cells. In brief, there was no fundamental morphological change in the oocytes and the embryonal cells exposed to progesterone for six hours even though it inhibits their development. The action of progesterone should be investigated thoroughly.
Animal ; Embryo/cytology* ; Embryo/drug effects ; Female ; In Vitro ; Mice ; Oocytes/drug effects ; Oocytes/ultrastructure* ; Ovum/ultrastructure* ; Progesterone/pharmacology*

The safety of donor is the first priority during whole procedure in living donor liver transplantation. We evaluated the short-term results of partial living donor liver transplantation in the view of donor safety. We prospectively evaluated the extent of liver regeneration, the recovery of liver function, and the perioperative complications in 41 live liver donors for partial liver transplantation at our institution. We developed novel personal computer volumetry program for the evaluation of liver regeneration. Serial CAT scan was performed preoperatively, at postoperative day (POD) #7 and POD #30 and liver volume was measure by using volumetry program. The serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (T.bil.) was serially monitored. There were 34 males and 7 females. The mean preoperative liver volume was 1320.6 cm3. The remained mean liver volume was 687.8 cm3 after harvest, and increased to 954.4 cm3 (144.6%) at POD #7, and 1169.5 cm3 (81.4%) at POD #30, which was 88.5% of preoperative total liver volume. The serum level of ALT/ AST and T.bil. peaked at POD #1 and declined thereafter, and finally returned to preoperative level at POD #30. The regeneration rate was significantly different by age, type and size of graft according to the donors. Six donors experienced postoperative complications and they were four pleural effusions, one wound infection and one case of bile duct stenosis that was treated by endoscopic nasal biliary drainage. All of them were right lobe donors. In conclusion, the donor liver regenerated up to 88.5% of preoperative volume with full recovery of liver function at POD #30. Right lobe donors suffered more complications and need more meticulous operative and postoperative care than left lobe or left lateral segment donors.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; *Hepatectomy/adverse effects/methods ; Human ; *Liver Regeneration ; *Liver Transplantation ; *Living Donors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period

The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (IACIA) regulates the workers' compensation insurance system and the standards for the recognition of occupational diseases (ODs). Since its establishment in 1994, the IACIA has been amended several times. Before 2008, the approval of compensation for work-related musculoskeletal diseases (WMSDs) was decided based on the recommendation of consultants of the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service (COMWEL). The IACIA was amended in 2008, and since then, the approval of compensation for occupational injuries has been decided based on the recommendation of COMWEL consultants, whereas the approval of compensation for ODs was decided based on the judgment of Committee on Occupational Diseases Judgment (CODJ) which was established in 2008. According to the 2013 amendment to the IACIA, degenerative musculoskeletal diseases among workers engaged in musculoskeletal-burdening work should be considered compensable ODs. Despite some commendable changes to the workers' compensation insurance system, other significant issues persist. To resolve these issues, related organizations including the associations of orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and occupational and environmental medicine; Ministry of Employment and Labor; and COMWEL need to work cooperatively.
Accidents, Occupational/*economics ; Humans ; Insurance, Accident/economics ; Insurance, Health/economics/standards ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/*economics ; Occupational Diseases/*economics ; Occupational Injuries/*economics ; Republic of Korea ; Workers' Compensation/*economics/standards

OBJECTIVES: Work-related upper extremity disorders of the tendons, nerves, and musdes associated with. repetitive motion represent an increasing proportion of occupational illnesses, medical services, and workers' compensation costs. Severe local muscle fatigue may be a precursor of repetition strain injuries. The demand for objective and quantitative assessment of local muscle fatigue is now increasing. The purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of power spectral analysis of individual muscle as one of the objective spectral parameters in quantification of local muscle fatigue. METHODS: From 10 normal male without neuromuscular dysfuction, motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) of three muscles (upper trapezius, infraspinatus, and anterior deltoid) of left shoulder girdle were obtained. The surface electrodes were used and the changes of power spectrum according to frequency components were calculated per minute during the keyboard task for 30-minute period by power spectral analysis of MUAPs signal. RESULTS: There was a linear relationship between median frequency (MF) and time flow in the upper trapezius muscle, however the same was not observed in other muscles. The MF slope of the upper trapezius muscle showed a decline of the MF over time and reflected the fatigue rate. Other spectral parameters, such as mean frequency and total power were not significantly correlated to time flow during the keyboard task in all three muscles. And no significant correlation was observed between keying rate and slope of median frequency of upper trapezius muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Above results suggested that the power spectral analysis on median frequency in upper trapezius muscle would be useful in quantification of local muscle fatigue during the keyboard task and local muscle fatigue of shoulder was affected by static posture, not by keying rate.
Action Potentials ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders ; Electrodes ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Fatigue* ; Muscles ; Occupational Diseases ; Posture ; Shoulder ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Tendons ; Upper Extremity ; Workers' Compensation