No abstract available.

Rigid posterior fixation of the atlas to the third and fourth cervical spine was achieved in a patient in whom axis pedicle fracture and dislocation of axis on the third cervical spine. Althouth there was no evidence of neurologic disorder, marked instability of axis on the third cervical spine should inevitably be fused in any procedures. An anatomically contoured loop was secured to the posterior arch of the atlas and the laminae of the third and the fourth cervical spine by sublaminar wirings. The technique has the advantage over bone graft, either alone or with cement, in that it affords rigid stabilization, allows early mobilization and some flexion movement of atlanto-occipital joint.
Atlanto-Occipital Joint ; Dislocations ; Early Ambulation ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Child* ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Spine*

It has been emphasized that the treatment of choice for the trochantric fracture of the femur is open reduction and rigid internal fixation to reduce complications by early ambulation. The incidence of trochanteric fracture of the femur in the young age group has been considerably increased in recent years because of increased traffic and industrial accidents. The author treated 38 cases of trochanteric fracture of the femur in the year 1974 through 1979, at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang College. The results were as follows: 1. In sex distribution, 24 out of 38 were males and 14 were females. 16 cases out of 24 male patients were in the age group 20-40 and 9 cases out of 14 female were over 60 years of age. Over all mortality was 7.9%. 2. The numbers of patients of type I and III were 11 cases in each type out of 38 trochanteric fracture. 3. 26 cases out of 38 cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and the others were by traction and cast. 4. The applied metal devices were 3 types: Smith-Peterson nail and Thornton or McLaughlin plate, compression hip screw, and multiple pinning. 5. Mean duration of bony union is shorter in the group of open reduction and internal fixation (13 weeks) than the group of traction and cast (15 weeks). The cause of difference is that the 6 out of 9 cases of type IV and V were included in conservative group. 6. The incidece of the complications such as coxa vara, slipping screw, long nail and traction palsy occurred higher in the group fixed with Smith-Peterson nail and plate than the group fixed with compression hip screw.
Accidents, Occupational ; Coxa Vara ; Early Ambulation ; Female ; Femur ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Paralysis ; Sex Distribution ; Traction

Several techniques are now avallable for the treatment of fractuers of the shaft of the femur. We must be aware of the advantages, disadvantages and Ilmitation of each if we are to select the proper treatment for each patient. During last decades treatment had been varied markedly from time to time and from place to place. Before Word War II, most fractures of the femoral shaft were treated conservatively either by skeletal traction or by manipulation and immobilization in a spica cast. After medullary fixation was Introduced during that war, it became popular, and until 1960 many surgeons considered it as the treatment of choice for most of these fractures. If the case is properly selected the medullary fixation is almost perfect, provlded no complications develop; convalescence can be shortened and resldual disability can be decreased. We had experienced 14 complications among the 78 cases of Kuntscher nailing from may, 1974, to May, 1980. The results are as follows: 1. We operated 78 cases with Kuntscher nail among the 121 femoral shaft fractures. 2. 14 (17.95%) complications developed among the 78 cases of the Kuntscher nailing. 3. Technical errors were incarcerated nailing with thick nail, too long nail and thin nailing. 4. Early postoperative complications within a year were infection, bendlng, bursitis, angulation and rotation. 5. Late complications after one year were proximal or distal migration and refracture.
Bursitis ; Convalescence ; Femur ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Postoperative Complications ; Surgeons ; Traction

The primary aims of fracture treatment include the restoration of normal anatomy and a return of function to the injuried as early as possible. In pilon fracture, various methods of treatment were developed to accomplish this purpose. Fibular fixstion is a rarely accepted mehtod in the treatment of pilon fractures because it can't provide rigid internal fixation, But it might be indicated when an open wound was : present medially over the distal tibia, the ligamentous attachments of distal fibula and medial malleolus to talus and calcaneus and of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis are largely intict. Utilizing these attachment, Fibular fixation can stabilize comminuted fractures of distal tibia affecting ankle joint. This procedure is so effective and simple The author has used this technique in three instances for two years with excellent results. This is not an original method, but worthy of being remindful of the literature.
Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Calcaneus ; Fibula ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Talus ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures ; Wounds and Injuries

Dyke-Davidoff syndorme is a rare congenital disorder which developed hemiatropy of brain, enlargement of ventricles and prominent pneumatization of petrous pyramid of the temporal bone. It mainfests unilateral invountary movement such as seizure, athetosis, chorea and mental retardation. This disorder have strong evidence of significance to differential diagnosis of cerebral palsy because of different therapeutic approach and outcome. Recently we examined 10 years old girl who developed seizure at 2 years old and gradually progressed with hemiparesis, hypoplaisa of right side of the body. The brain CT scan showed marked dilatation of lateral ventricle, prominent sylvian fissure and cortical sulci with somewhat thickened skull vault and pneumatization of petrous pyramid of the temporal bone on left side. EEG showed high voltage slow wave and spikes. So we report a case of Dyke-Davidoff syndrome with review of literature.
Athetosis ; Brain ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chorea ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dilatation ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Lateral Ventricles ; Paresis ; Petrous Bone ; Seizures ; Skull ; Temporal Bone ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola Hepatica that infects mainly cattle, sheep, and goats. Humans can be infected by water or aquatic plants contaminated with metacercariae. The authors encountered two cases of F. hepatica infection. One patient reported abdominal discomfort with marked eosinophilia. The other patient had chest discomfort with marked eosinophilia. The abdominal CT images revealed hypodense lesions in the liver. The ultrasonography-guided liver biopsy findings in both patients were indicative of parasitic infections. Serological tests confirmed the definite diagnoses. Both patients were treated with a single dose of triclabendazole, which is the treatment of choice for fascioliasis. These findings suggest that a diagnosis of fascioliasis, particularly in the acute phase, should be considered in patients with abdominal pain, marked eosinophilia, and hypodense hepatic lesions on CT.

BACKGROUND: In hypovolemic shock, multiple organ failure is caused by translocation of endotoxins and microorganisms from the ischemic gut mucosa. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the gut mucosa oxygenation in shock resuscitation. The current guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation restrain the use of sodium bicarbonate due to paradoxical intracellular acidosis. Because THAM, CO2-consuming agent, does not produce CO2 and induce intracellular acidosis, THAM has been known as a effective buffering agent. This study was purposed to investigate the effect of THAM and sodium bicarbonate on the gut mucosa oxygenation in cats which were in hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. METHODS: 18 anesthetized cats were subjected to hemorrhage to decrease the mean arterial blood pressure to 35-45 mmHg and this blood pressure was maintained for 120 minutes. After 90minutes, we infused 1.945% hypertonic saline, 2.8% sodium bicarbonate and 0.3M THAM as same volume and osmolality. Mean arterial pressure(MAP), mesenteric arterial-venous pH differences[pH(a-v)], mesenteric venous oxygen tension(PvO2), mesenteric arterial-venous carbon dioxide tension differences[P(v-a)CO2], mesenteric arterial-venous lactate differences[Lactate(v-a)] were measured 1, 5, 15, 30 minutes after drug infusion and 30, 60 minutes after reperfusion. RESULTS: There were no statistical significances in MAP, pH(a-v), PvO2, Lactate(v-a) among the three groups. There were significant differences in P(v-a)CO2 and ETCO2 between sodium bicarbonate group and THAM group. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggest that THAM and sodium bicarbonate do not have significant effects on the tissue oxygenation and hemodynamic improvement in hypovolemic shock. We suppose that THAM does not produce carbon dioxide but may correct intracellular acidosis.
Acidosis ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Cats* ; Endotoxins ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactic Acid ; Mucous Membrane* ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Osmolar Concentration ; Oxygen* ; Reperfusion ; Resuscitation ; Shock ; Shock, Hemorrhagic* ; Sodium Bicarbonate* ; Sodium* ; Tromethamine*