Tumor of the trachea are uncommon. Trachea tumor are usually diagnosed late in their natural history, because the tracheal lumen may be extensively involved before symptoms occur, and because symptoms may be confused with those of asthma. Some 19% to 29% of the trachea tumor have laryngeal or lung malignancy. Squamous carcinoma is by far the most frequent among tracheal tumor, although adenocarcinoma and oat cell carcinoma have been described so. Oat cell carcinoma in the trachea are aggressive tumors as. they are in the lung and elsewhere. Oat cell carcinoma as well as squamous cell carcinoma are related with tobacco exposure. We presented a case of small cell carcinoma nearly obstructing the trachea and right main bronchus which was partially removed after bronchoscopic ethanol injection, along with a review of the literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Asthma ; Bronchi ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Ethanol ; Lung ; Natural History ; Tobacco ; Trachea*

No abstract available.
Eosinophils* ; Histamine*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma* ; Trachea*

No abstract available.
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive*

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affects systemic blood pressure and cardiac function. The development of cardiovascular dysfunction including the changes of systemic blood pressure and cardiac rhythm, suggests that recurrent hypoxia and arousals from sleep may increase a sympathetic nervous system activity. Continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) therapy has been found to be an effective treatment of OSAS. However, only a few studies have investigated the cardiovascular and sympathetic effects of CPAP therapy. We evaluated influences of nasal CPAP therapy on the cardiovascular system and the sympathetic activity in patients with OSAS. METHODS: Thirteen patients with OSAS underwent CPAP therapy and were monitored using polysomnography, blood pressure, heart rate, presence of arrhythmia and the concentration of plasma catecholamines, before and with CPAP therapy. RESULTS: The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly decreased (p<0.01) and the lowest arterial oxygen saturation level was elevated significantly after applying CPAP (p<0.01). Systolic blood pressure tended to decrease after CPAP but without statistical significance. Heart rates during sleep were not significantly different after CPAP. However, the frequency and number of types of arrhythmia decreased and sinus bradytachyarrhythmia disappeared after CPAP. Although there was no significantly decreased after CPAP (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: CPAP therapy decreased the apnea-hypopnea index, hypoxic episodes and plasma norepinephrine concentration. In addition, it decreased the incidence of arrhythmia and tended to decrease the systemic blood pressure. These results indicate that CPAP may play an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients with OSAS.
Anoxia ; Arousal ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure* ; Cardiovascular System ; Catecholamines* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Norepinephrine ; Oxygen ; Plasma ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Sympathetic Nervous System

No abstract available.
Histamine* ; Pneumocytes*

No abstract available.
Cholesterol*

No abstract available.
Gases* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Catalase* ; Glutathione* ; Lung* ; Rats*