No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

No abstract available.
Aneurysm*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Local* ; Diagnosis* ; Pneumothorax* ; Thoracoscopy*

The diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus generally is based on the endoscopic examination. The findings include columnar epithelium lining the distal esophagus and the presence of specialized intestinal metaplasia in biopsy specimens from that columnar epithelium. However, the diagnostic yield of dysplasia with standard endoscopy is suboptimal. To improve detection of Barrett's esophagus and surveillance for dysplasia and cancer, many new endoscopic techniques including chromoendoscopy, magnification endoscopy, narrow band imaging, autofluorescence endoscopy, optical coherence tomography, and confocal laser endomicroscopy are used. We will review standard endoscopic findings and advanced imaging modalities for Barrett's esophagus.
Barrett Esophagus ; Biopsy ; Endoscopy ; Epithelium ; Esophagus ; Metaplasia ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: One of the most difficult problems in the care of children with nephrotic syndrome remains the occurrence of relapses, despite initial response to steroids. Constantinescu reported that rapidity of initial response to steroid therapy could predict fewer relapses in the first year. So we evaluated the changes in serum lipid abnormalities in children with corticosensitive nephrotic syndrome before steroid treatment and the correlation between serum lipid levels and renal function, days to remission. METHODS: We analyzed the medical records of children who were managed by us between October 1994 and August 2000. In 33 patients with corticosensitive nephrotic syndrome, we evaluated the correlation between serum lipid levels and renal function [Creatinine clearance(Ccr)] and proteinuria before steroid treatment, and days to remission defined as the third day when the patient`s urine becomes protein free. RESULTS: There were 21 males and 12 females. Median age at presentation was 6.4 years (range: 1.8-17.3 years). Median days to remission were 15.4 days (range 4-42 days) on Prednisolone 60mg/m2 daily. The increased levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, Lipoprotein(a) were observed. But the level of HDL cholesterol was not increased. Serum albumin was decreased and proteinuria was increased before steroid treatment. But Ccr was not decreased. There were negative correlation between serum albumin and total cholesterol (r = -0.5157, P<0.005), LDL cholesterol (r = -0.5543, P<0.005), total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (r = -0.4506, P<0.01), lipoprotein(a) (r = -0.4570, P<0.025), apolipoprotein B (r = -0.5297, P<0.025), apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (r = -0.5851, P<0.01), apolipoprotein B/HDL cholesterol (r = -0.4961, P<0.05) before steroid treatment. There was no correlation between proteinuria and serum lipid profiles. Also Ccr and serum lipid profiles were not correlated. There was positive correlation between days to remission and HDL cholesterol (r = +0.4511, P<0.05), apolipoprotein B (r = +0.5190, P<0.05), apolipoprotein B/HDL cholesterol (r = +0.7169, P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: This results reveal that HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein B/HDL cholesterol can be used as a predictive factor in corticosensitive nephrotic syndrome. We could not determine the significant level of these lipids for insufficient patients number, but these level may predict future relapses of corticosensitive nephrotic syndrome patients and thus may allow to better management and treatment protocols. More data and long term follow up studies should be needed.
Apolipoproteins ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias* ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Male ; Medical Records ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Prednisolone ; Proteinuria ; Recurrence* ; Serum Albumin ; Steroids ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Thorax*

The developmental expression of calcium-binding protein, calbindin D-28k (CB), during the first 6 months was studied in the canine hippocampus by immunohistochemistry. CB immunoreactivity appeared from on P0 in the dentate granule cells, mossy fibers in CA 3 area, CA 2 and CA 1 pyramidal cells, and interneurons in all regions. According to their morphology and location, these could represent the presumptive pyramidal cells and interneurons. From on P7, the CB immunoreactive pyramidal cells clearly distinguished and started to form two rows in CA 1 area as time progressed, while scattered multipolar neurons gradually decreased. CB immunoreactive cell processes increased in length up to P28. The adult-like distribution of CB immunoreactivity was established about P60. After P60, CB immunoreactivity appeared in dentate granule cells, mossy fibers in CA 3 area and pyramidal cells in CA 1 where formed two rows and CA 2 areas as well as in interneurons of the strata oriens and pyramidale. Taken together, developmental expression of CB in the canine hippocampus was summarized that CB imunoreactivity was observed in all regions on P0 and reached adult-like distribution about P60. These data also suggested the possibility of prenatal expression of CB on the basis of the staining pattern at P0.
Calbindins* ; Hippocampus* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interneurons ; Neurons ; Pyramidal Cells

PURPOSE: Percutaneous pin fixation is commonly applied for pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures. We analyzed the results of percutaneous transphyseal intramedullary K-wires fixation for pediatric forearm fractures and evaluated the safety of this procedure in terms of growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six pediatric patients with forearm diaphyseal fractures treated with transphyseal intramedullary K-wire fixation were reviewed retrospectively. Authors analyzed size and number of fixed K-wires and evaluated postoperative complications, bone length discrepancy and any deformity at the last follow-up. We also evaluated range of motion of wrist and forearm as a functional result. RESULTS: The mean age was 9.5 years old and the average period of follow-up was 53 months (range: 23-85 months). Single wire was applied in each bone, and 1.6 mm sized K-wire was most commonly used for radius fractures and 1.1 mm K-wire for ulnar fractures. There was one superficial pin site infection which was healed by conservative treatment. There were no other complications such as premature epiphyseal closure, discrepancy of forearm length or any deformity. All patients showed no significant difference in range of motion compared to opposite side at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous transphyseal intramedulaary K-wire fixation is one of the effective and safe operative treatment for pediatric forearm fractures without any deleterious effects on subsequent growth of radius and ulna.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Radius ; Radius Fractures ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Ulna ; Wrist