The author analyzed 231 patients of congestive heart failure which was confirmed by the clinical symptoms and the laboratory findings among the patients admitted to Ewha Womans University Hospital between the begining of 1974 and the end of 1978. The result were as follow; 1. In sex distribution, the female was predominant. Male to female ratio is 1:2.45. The most common incidence by age group was sixth decade. 2. Regarding the underlying disease, there were hypertensive heart disease(27.3%), post-partum heart disease(19.5%), rheumatic heart disease(16.0%) and arteriosclerotic heart disease(15.6%) in order. 3. The precipitating factors were observed in 77.5% of total cases and the order of frequency was pregnancy and delivery(26.4%), infection(19.1%), arrhythmia(12.6%) and physical exertion(12.1%). 4. On admission, patients usually complained of dyspnea, cough, right upper quadrant pain and the physical examination revealed moist rales, hepatomegaly etc. 5. The laboratory findings were anemia(19.0%), increased E.S.R.(33.8%) and leukocytosis (34.2%). 6. The blood chemistry showed increased level of creatinine(24.5%), S.G.O.T. (20.9%), B.U.N.(20.0%) and decreased albumin(15.5%), increased S.G.P.T.(15.0%) in order. 7. The X-ray films of chest on admission revealed increased vascular marking and pulmonary congestion(85.7%), cardiomegaly(80.0%) and pleural effusion(21.4) etc. 8. The E.C.G. findings showed(205 cases among 231 cases) LVH 56.6%, atrial fibrillation 26.3% etc. 9. The echocardiography perfomed in 59 cases among 231 cases gave valvular heart disease (28.9%), atrial fibrillation (11.9%) arteriosclerotic heart disease(8.5%), ventricular hypertrophy (6.8%) and atrial enlargement(5.1%) in order of frequency.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Chemistry ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Incidence ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Precipitating Factors ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sex Distribution ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

The author analyzed 231 patients of congestive heart failure which was confirmed by the clinical symptoms and the laboratory findings among the patients admitted to Ewha Womans University Hospital between the begining of 1974 and the end of 1978. The result were as follow; 1. In sex distribution, the female was predominant. Male to female ratio is 1:2.45. The most common incidence by age group was sixth decade. 2. Regarding the underlying disease, there were hypertensive heart disease(27.3%), post-partum heart disease(19.5%), rheumatic heart disease(16.0%) and arteriosclerotic heart disease(15.6%) in order. 3. The precipitating factors were observed in 77.5% of total cases and the order of frequency was pregnancy and delivery(26.4%), infection(19.1%), arrhythmia(12.6%) and physical exertion(12.1%). 4. On admission, patients usually complained of dyspnea, cough, right upper quadrant pain and the physical examination revealed moist rales, hepatomegaly etc. 5. The laboratory findings were anemia(19.0%), increased E.S.R.(33.8%) and leukocytosis (34.2%). 6. The blood chemistry showed increased level of creatinine(24.5%), S.G.O.T. (20.9%), B.U.N.(20.0%) and decreased albumin(15.5%), increased S.G.P.T.(15.0%) in order. 7. The X-ray films of chest on admission revealed increased vascular marking and pulmonary congestion(85.7%), cardiomegaly(80.0%) and pleural effusion(21.4) etc. 8. The E.C.G. findings showed(205 cases among 231 cases) LVH 56.6%, atrial fibrillation 26.3% etc. 9. The echocardiography perfomed in 59 cases among 231 cases gave valvular heart disease (28.9%), atrial fibrillation (11.9%) arteriosclerotic heart disease(8.5%), ventricular hypertrophy (6.8%) and atrial enlargement(5.1%) in order of frequency.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Chemistry ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Incidence ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Precipitating Factors ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sex Distribution ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

Use of the Hamburger-Salmon soft agar assay method for in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing was tried. In this assay, double soft agar was used to culture 9 human urologic tumors, including 2 renal adenocarcinomas, one Wilms' tumor, 4 bladder transitional cell carcinomas, one paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma and one penile squamous cell carcinoma. Among these cancers, Wilms' tumor and penile carcinoma grew to the extent that they could be used in chemosensitivity testing in soft agar (> or =30 colonies per control plate). It is concluded from this study that in vitro chemosensitivity testing by colony formation assay may be a useful tool in the treatment of urologic cancers, but more experiences should be gathered.
Adenocarcinoma ; Agar ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Urinary Bladder ; Urologic Neoplasms ; Wilms Tumor

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the relationships of the types of nurse staffing, the competency of nursing performance and job satisfaction by analyzing the types of nurse staffing in operating room. METHOD: The subjects were 472 nurses who work in operating room. The instruments used in this study were three tools: competency of nursing performance, job satisfaction and type of nurse staffing. RESULT: Type 4 was most in the type of nurse staffing of the subjects. According to the type of nurse staffing, the competency of nursing performance was significantly different. There was significant difference in the competency of nursing performance according to age, marital status, bachelor, employ, position, and career, and job satisfaction according to age, position, and career. In opinion about the ideal type of nurse staffing, type 2 was most regardless of career. CONCLUSION: Type 4 which has lower competency of nursing performance was adopted in many hospitals now but, type 2 which has highest competency of nursing performance was selected by many nurses as the best one. So, it should be considered the type of nurse staffing of in operating room and change it.
Job Satisfaction* ; Marital Status ; Nursing* ; Operating Rooms*

BACKGROUND: Reinkes edema is characterized by swelling of the vocal folds, and its etiology and pathogenesis have not yet been established. OBJECTS AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 25 patients (14 male and 11 female) who had undergone operation from 1996 to 1998. Post-operative voice lab and skin prick tests were done after 3 months when patients visited hospital. Telephone questionnaires were carried out about smoking and laryngopharyngeal reflux. RESULTS: In the smoking pattern, most patients (18/25) smoked more than 10 packs a year. Twelve patients (48%) complained of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms and 4 patients were positive for the skin prick test, Pre- and post-operative voice lab results showed that shimmer and phonation time changed significantly in women patients. Jitter, shimmer, phonation time, mean flow rate, vocal efficiency and subglottic pressure changed significantly in men patients. CONCLUSION: Smoking and laryngopharyngeal reflux may play an important role in developing Reinkes edema and phonatory quality will be improved after proper surgical procedure.
Edema* ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Edema ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; Male ; Medical Records ; Phonation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skin ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Telephone ; Vocal Cords ; Voice*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics of the bronchiectasis in diffuse panbronchiolitis using HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 12 HRCT scans and two bronchography of 12 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB). According to Akira et al., DPB was classified into four types: small nodules around the end of bronchovascular branchings(CT type I), small nodules in the centrilobular area connected with small branching linear opacities(CT type II), nodules accompanied by ring-shaped or small ductal opacities connected to proximal bronchovascular bundles(CT type III), large cystic opacities accompanied by dilated proximal bronchi(CT type IV). We compared the type and the extent of bronchiectasis, CTtypes of DPB, and pulmonary function test. RESULTS: Bronchiectasis was defined in 12 cases with the tubular type predominantly involving small and medium-sized bronchi. These bronchiectasis involved the proximal bronchi of the centrilobular lesions of DPB. Among eight cases of advanced DPB(CT type III & IV) which extended to both upper lobes, seven showed tubular bronchiectasis at the same area. Cystic bronchiectasis was shown in eight cases predominantly involving right middle lobe(n=7). There was no linear correlation between the values of pulmonary function test and CTtypes of DPB. CONCLUSION: Characteristic feature of the bronchiectasis in DPB is the tubular ectasis predominantly involving the small and medium-sized bronchi. DPB with associated tubular bronchiectasis can involve whole lung field in advanced cases. HRCT is useful not only to depict the findings of DPB but also to demonstrate the extent of lesion.
Bronchi ; Bronchiectasis* ; Bronchography ; Humans ; Lung ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine rate of breastfeeding practice at 3 months and to examine predictors for breastfeeding practice. METHOD: Study subjects were 114 mothers who gave birth at one hospital in Busan area. Data regarding breastfeeding practice and potentially related factors to breastfeeding were collected through a self-administered questionaire at 1 weeks and a telephone survey at 3 months. Logistic regression was used to identifiy significant the predictors on breastfeeding practice. RESULT: Rate of breastfeeding practice was 46.5% at three months of postpartum. The significant predictors for performing breastfeeding were lower the experience of breastfeeding trouble problem(OR=.88 compared with breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 78-.99), higher first breastfeeding satisfaction (OR=1.81 compared with non-breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 1.08-3.32), higher breastfeeding confidence(OR=1.84 compared with non-breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 1.08-3.32). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the necessity of support program for mothers during the positive postpartum period to provide correct information about breastfeeding knowledge and attitude and to teach problem-solving skills for any breastfeeding problems for highere rate of breastfeeding practice.
Breast Feeding* ; Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Telephone ; Child Health

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the effects of cyclic parenteral nutrition(CP) on parenteral nutrition induced liver diseases. METHODS: Before and after CP, data were collected on diagnosis, age, duration of parenteral nutrition, macronutrients and biochemical parameters. Initially parenteral nutrition was cycled off for 1-2 hours and the off-time was advanced by 0.5-1 hour daily over 1 week. Blood and urine glucose were monitored during procedure. RESULTS: Data on 6 sets of CP in 4 patients, among whom 2 patients had undertaken CP 2 times, respectively, were analyzed. The mean age was approximately 4 months, ranging from 2 to 11 months. Underlying diseases were as follows : 2 cases of microvillous inclusion disease, 1 case of protracted diarrhea of infancy and 1 case of feeding intolerance. The mean duration of parenteral nutrition before CP were 38.6 days, and that of CP was 41.6 days. During CP, the mean total caloric intake of each patient was 107kcal/kg/day, and the mean weight gain was 6.0g/kg/day. After CP, the biochemical parameters changed as follows : bilirubin was decreased in 4 cases, not changed in 1 case but increased in 1 case who had sepsis during CP period; the level of ALT was decreased in 2 cases but increased in 2 cases and not changed in 2 cases. Overall, CP was tolerated well although 3 cases had hypoglycemia(serum glucose concentration less than 40mg/dL) at the initial CP period. CONCLUSION: CP has potential beneficial metabolic effects on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis with minimal complications.
Bilirubin ; Cholestasis* ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Energy Intake ; Glucose ; Humans ; Infant* ; Liver Diseases ; Parenteral Nutrition* ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total* ; Sepsis ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the effects of cyclic parenteral nutrition(CP) on parenteral nutrition induced liver diseases. METHODS: Before and after CP, data were collected on diagnosis, age, duration of parenteral nutrition, macronutrients and biochemical parameters. Initially parenteral nutrition was cycled off for 1-2 hours and the off-time was advanced by 0.5-1 hour daily over 1 week. Blood and urine glucose were monitored during procedure. RESULTS: Data on 6 sets of CP in 4 patients, among whom 2 patients had undertaken CP 2 times, respectively, were analyzed. The mean age was approximately 4 months, ranging from 2 to 11 months. Underlying diseases were as follows : 2 cases of microvillous inclusion disease, 1 case of protracted diarrhea of infancy and 1 case of feeding intolerance. The mean duration of parenteral nutrition before CP were 38.6 days, and that of CP was 41.6 days. During CP, the mean total caloric intake of each patient was 107kcal/kg/day, and the mean weight gain was 6.0g/kg/day. After CP, the biochemical parameters changed as follows : bilirubin was decreased in 4 cases, not changed in 1 case but increased in 1 case who had sepsis during CP period; the level of ALT was decreased in 2 cases but increased in 2 cases and not changed in 2 cases. Overall, CP was tolerated well although 3 cases had hypoglycemia(serum glucose concentration less than 40mg/dL) at the initial CP period. CONCLUSION: CP has potential beneficial metabolic effects on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis with minimal complications.
Bilirubin ; Cholestasis* ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Energy Intake ; Glucose ; Humans ; Infant* ; Liver Diseases ; Parenteral Nutrition* ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total* ; Sepsis ; Weight Gain