The author analyzed 231 patients of congestive heart failure which was confirmed by the clinical symptoms and the laboratory findings among the patients admitted to Ewha Womans University Hospital between the begining of 1974 and the end of 1978. The result were as follow; 1. In sex distribution, the female was predominant. Male to female ratio is 1:2.45. The most common incidence by age group was sixth decade. 2. Regarding the underlying disease, there were hypertensive heart disease(27.3%), post-partum heart disease(19.5%), rheumatic heart disease(16.0%) and arteriosclerotic heart disease(15.6%) in order. 3. The precipitating factors were observed in 77.5% of total cases and the order of frequency was pregnancy and delivery(26.4%), infection(19.1%), arrhythmia(12.6%) and physical exertion(12.1%). 4. On admission, patients usually complained of dyspnea, cough, right upper quadrant pain and the physical examination revealed moist rales, hepatomegaly etc. 5. The laboratory findings were anemia(19.0%), increased E.S.R.(33.8%) and leukocytosis (34.2%). 6. The blood chemistry showed increased level of creatinine(24.5%), S.G.O.T. (20.9%), B.U.N.(20.0%) and decreased albumin(15.5%), increased S.G.P.T.(15.0%) in order. 7. The X-ray films of chest on admission revealed increased vascular marking and pulmonary congestion(85.7%), cardiomegaly(80.0%) and pleural effusion(21.4) etc. 8. The E.C.G. findings showed(205 cases among 231 cases) LVH 56.6%, atrial fibrillation 26.3% etc. 9. The echocardiography perfomed in 59 cases among 231 cases gave valvular heart disease (28.9%), atrial fibrillation (11.9%) arteriosclerotic heart disease(8.5%), ventricular hypertrophy (6.8%) and atrial enlargement(5.1%) in order of frequency.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Chemistry ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Incidence ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Precipitating Factors ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sex Distribution ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

The author analyzed 231 patients of congestive heart failure which was confirmed by the clinical symptoms and the laboratory findings among the patients admitted to Ewha Womans University Hospital between the begining of 1974 and the end of 1978. The result were as follow; 1. In sex distribution, the female was predominant. Male to female ratio is 1:2.45. The most common incidence by age group was sixth decade. 2. Regarding the underlying disease, there were hypertensive heart disease(27.3%), post-partum heart disease(19.5%), rheumatic heart disease(16.0%) and arteriosclerotic heart disease(15.6%) in order. 3. The precipitating factors were observed in 77.5% of total cases and the order of frequency was pregnancy and delivery(26.4%), infection(19.1%), arrhythmia(12.6%) and physical exertion(12.1%). 4. On admission, patients usually complained of dyspnea, cough, right upper quadrant pain and the physical examination revealed moist rales, hepatomegaly etc. 5. The laboratory findings were anemia(19.0%), increased E.S.R.(33.8%) and leukocytosis (34.2%). 6. The blood chemistry showed increased level of creatinine(24.5%), S.G.O.T. (20.9%), B.U.N.(20.0%) and decreased albumin(15.5%), increased S.G.P.T.(15.0%) in order. 7. The X-ray films of chest on admission revealed increased vascular marking and pulmonary congestion(85.7%), cardiomegaly(80.0%) and pleural effusion(21.4) etc. 8. The E.C.G. findings showed(205 cases among 231 cases) LVH 56.6%, atrial fibrillation 26.3% etc. 9. The echocardiography perfomed in 59 cases among 231 cases gave valvular heart disease (28.9%), atrial fibrillation (11.9%) arteriosclerotic heart disease(8.5%), ventricular hypertrophy (6.8%) and atrial enlargement(5.1%) in order of frequency.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Chemistry ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Incidence ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Precipitating Factors ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sex Distribution ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

Use of the Hamburger-Salmon soft agar assay method for in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing was tried. In this assay, double soft agar was used to culture 9 human urologic tumors, including 2 renal adenocarcinomas, one Wilms' tumor, 4 bladder transitional cell carcinomas, one paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma and one penile squamous cell carcinoma. Among these cancers, Wilms' tumor and penile carcinoma grew to the extent that they could be used in chemosensitivity testing in soft agar (> or =30 colonies per control plate). It is concluded from this study that in vitro chemosensitivity testing by colony formation assay may be a useful tool in the treatment of urologic cancers, but more experiences should be gathered.
Adenocarcinoma ; Agar ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Urinary Bladder ; Urologic Neoplasms ; Wilms Tumor

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the relationships of the types of nurse staffing, the competency of nursing performance and job satisfaction by analyzing the types of nurse staffing in operating room. METHOD: The subjects were 472 nurses who work in operating room. The instruments used in this study were three tools: competency of nursing performance, job satisfaction and type of nurse staffing. RESULT: Type 4 was most in the type of nurse staffing of the subjects. According to the type of nurse staffing, the competency of nursing performance was significantly different. There was significant difference in the competency of nursing performance according to age, marital status, bachelor, employ, position, and career, and job satisfaction according to age, position, and career. In opinion about the ideal type of nurse staffing, type 2 was most regardless of career. CONCLUSION: Type 4 which has lower competency of nursing performance was adopted in many hospitals now but, type 2 which has highest competency of nursing performance was selected by many nurses as the best one. So, it should be considered the type of nurse staffing of in operating room and change it.
Job Satisfaction* ; Marital Status ; Nursing* ; Operating Rooms*

BACKGROUND: Reinkes edema is characterized by swelling of the vocal folds, and its etiology and pathogenesis have not yet been established. OBJECTS AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 25 patients (14 male and 11 female) who had undergone operation from 1996 to 1998. Post-operative voice lab and skin prick tests were done after 3 months when patients visited hospital. Telephone questionnaires were carried out about smoking and laryngopharyngeal reflux. RESULTS: In the smoking pattern, most patients (18/25) smoked more than 10 packs a year. Twelve patients (48%) complained of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms and 4 patients were positive for the skin prick test, Pre- and post-operative voice lab results showed that shimmer and phonation time changed significantly in women patients. Jitter, shimmer, phonation time, mean flow rate, vocal efficiency and subglottic pressure changed significantly in men patients. CONCLUSION: Smoking and laryngopharyngeal reflux may play an important role in developing Reinkes edema and phonatory quality will be improved after proper surgical procedure.
Edema* ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Edema ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; Male ; Medical Records ; Phonation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skin ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Telephone ; Vocal Cords ; Voice*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics of the bronchiectasis in diffuse panbronchiolitis using HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 12 HRCT scans and two bronchography of 12 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB). According to Akira et al., DPB was classified into four types: small nodules around the end of bronchovascular branchings(CT type I), small nodules in the centrilobular area connected with small branching linear opacities(CT type II), nodules accompanied by ring-shaped or small ductal opacities connected to proximal bronchovascular bundles(CT type III), large cystic opacities accompanied by dilated proximal bronchi(CT type IV). We compared the type and the extent of bronchiectasis, CTtypes of DPB, and pulmonary function test. RESULTS: Bronchiectasis was defined in 12 cases with the tubular type predominantly involving small and medium-sized bronchi. These bronchiectasis involved the proximal bronchi of the centrilobular lesions of DPB. Among eight cases of advanced DPB(CT type III & IV) which extended to both upper lobes, seven showed tubular bronchiectasis at the same area. Cystic bronchiectasis was shown in eight cases predominantly involving right middle lobe(n=7). There was no linear correlation between the values of pulmonary function test and CTtypes of DPB. CONCLUSION: Characteristic feature of the bronchiectasis in DPB is the tubular ectasis predominantly involving the small and medium-sized bronchi. DPB with associated tubular bronchiectasis can involve whole lung field in advanced cases. HRCT is useful not only to depict the findings of DPB but also to demonstrate the extent of lesion.
Bronchi ; Bronchiectasis* ; Bronchography ; Humans ; Lung ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine rate of breastfeeding practice at 3 months and to examine predictors for breastfeeding practice. METHOD: Study subjects were 114 mothers who gave birth at one hospital in Busan area. Data regarding breastfeeding practice and potentially related factors to breastfeeding were collected through a self-administered questionaire at 1 weeks and a telephone survey at 3 months. Logistic regression was used to identifiy significant the predictors on breastfeeding practice. RESULT: Rate of breastfeeding practice was 46.5% at three months of postpartum. The significant predictors for performing breastfeeding were lower the experience of breastfeeding trouble problem(OR=.88 compared with breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 78-.99), higher first breastfeeding satisfaction (OR=1.81 compared with non-breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 1.08-3.32), higher breastfeeding confidence(OR=1.84 compared with non-breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 1.08-3.32). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the necessity of support program for mothers during the positive postpartum period to provide correct information about breastfeeding knowledge and attitude and to teach problem-solving skills for any breastfeeding problems for highere rate of breastfeeding practice.
Breast Feeding* ; Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Telephone ; Child Health

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to analyze the hearing-threshold levels and relating factors of 1,048 workers with noise-induced hearing loss(D1). METHODS: We analyzed the hearing-threshold levels and relating factors of 1,048 workers with noise-induced hearing loss(D1) examined by the summary reports of specific health examination results of industries and personal reports of specific health examination results reported by 58 specific health examination institutes and 8 secondary pneumoconiosis examination institutes in 1996. RESULTS: Among 1,048 workers at 510 workplaces, male workers were 1,009 (96.3%) and female workers were 39 (3.7%). The mean ages of workers initially exposed to noise and at present were 28.7 and 47.2, respectively. The duration of total exposure was 16.5 years. Average hearing-threshold levels analyzed by three-divided classification of the study subjects were 43.7dB(Lt) and 42.6dB(Rt). Those analyzed by six-divided classification were 50.5dB(Lt) and 48.6dB(Rt). Among workers with noise-induced shearing loss(D1), 16.3% was unilateral hearing loss and 84.6% was classified to compensation case. 8.8%(Rt) and 10.2%(Lt) of them were suspected to be conductive hearing loss by differences of air-bone hearing-threshold levels. Hearing-threshold levels of workers in manufacturing industry were significantly increased during the short exposure compared with the levels in mining industry. Among manufacturing industries, hearing-threshold levels of workers in trailer and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry were significantly increased. Age and duration of total noise exposure were not significantly related to the average hearing-threshold levels analyzed by three-divided classification. Hearing-threshold levels of female workers were significantly increased during the short exposure compared with those of male workers. Hearing-threshold levels of workers at the high risk group, ages of 20s, 30s and total exposure duration of less than 10 years, were not significantly increased compared with those of the other groups. However, they were exposed at young ages. The 3 leading industries of workers at high risk group were trailer and other transportation equipment manufacturing, automobile manufacturing and assemble-metal manufacturing industries. CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first nationwide analysis of the hearing-threshold levels and relating factors of workers with noise-induced hearing loss(D1). We found the differences of the real number by the statistics of the department of labour and the expected number of worker's compensations for occupationally-induced hearing loss estimated by this study. According to the results of this study, we should carefully examine the methods to narrow this difference.
Academies and Institutes ; Automobiles ; Classification ; Compensation and Redress ; Female ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced* ; Hearing Loss, Unilateral ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Mining ; Noise ; Pneumoconiosis ; Research Report ; Transportation ; Workers' Compensation

Fatty liver is caused by derangement of fat metabolism and can be reversed by removal of contributing factors. The contributing factors of fatty liver is known to be overweight, chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, and drug abuse such as tetracycline. This study was carried out on 1335 persons who visited 'Soon Chun Hyang Human Dock Center' from March to June 1990. In analysis of the data, prevalence of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram by age and sex, laboratory finding between fatty liver group and normal group, and odds ratio of known contributing factors, were compared. The results obtained are as following; 1) The prevalence rate of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram is 29.6% in male and 11.5% in female. 2) Age groups with high prevalences are 40~50's in male (32.0%) and 50's in female (24.5%). 3) The fatty liver shows significant association with style (p<0.05), whereas not with hepatitis B-virus surface antigen (p>0.05). 4) All laboratory values except alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are elevated significantly in accordance with the degree of fatty liver (p<0.01). 5) Fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram showed so strong associations with body index, triglycerides and gamma-glutamyl transferase for males, and body index and fasting blood sugar for females that these factors may be used as supplementary data in establishing diagnosis of fatty liver. 6) Odds ratio of contributing factors are as follows; If the odds ratio of below 29 year of age is 1.0 then that of 30~39 is 1.74 (p=0.33), 40~49 is 2.47 (p=0.10), 50~59 is 2.86 (p=0.0570), over 60 is 1.81 (p=0.34). If the odds ratio of female is 1.0 then that of male is 5.67 (p<0.01). If the odds ratio of body index below zero is 1.0 then that of 0~9 is 5.08 (p<0.01), 10~19 is 12.37 (p<0.01), 20~29 is 29.19 (p<0.01), 30 above is 154.02 (p<0.01). If the odds ratio of below 99 mg/dl FBS is 1.0 then that of 100~120 is 106 (p=0.76), over 120 is 1.91 (p=0.02). If the odds ratio of below 29 micron/1 gamma-GT is 1.0 then that of 30~s59 is 2.11 (p<0.01), 60~90 is 1.87 (p<0.05), 90 above is 1.69 (p=0.15). If the odds ratio of below 149 mg/dl TG is 1.0 then 150~199 is 1.49 (p=0.05), 200~250 is 1.09 (p=0.77), 250 above is 2.53 (p<0.01). In summary, early diagnosis of fatty liver could be made by ultrasonogram supplemented with body index and serum triglyceride. The fatty liver could be preventive by avoiding contributing factors such as obesity, alcohol intake, high blood sugar appropriately.
Alcoholism ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Antigens, Surface ; Bilirubin ; Blood Glucose ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver* ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Metabolism ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight ; Prevalence* ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Tetracycline ; Transferases ; Triglycerides ; Ultrasonography*