No abstract available.
Contraception, Postcoital* ; Emergencies*

A series of experiments was performed to determine the lactic dehydrogenase activity of various parasitic helminths. The enzyme activity was determined by the modified method of Wroblewshi and LaDue (1955) using tissue homogenate of 16 kinds of worm parasites. The worms were mostly collected alive from local abattoir and removed from the organ or tissues of the naturally infected animal host and some materials were also obtained from the human host. They were thoroughly washed and homogenized in chilled glass tissue grinder, and then centrifuged. The supernatants were designated as enzyme preparations, and their enzyme activity was measured by spectrophotometry at the wave length of 340 millimicron. In order to know the effects of temperature and substrate concentration on the enzyme activity, the extinction of reduced Coenzyme I(NADH) was measured at the various conditions of incubation temperature and substrate concentration. The results of this experiments were as follows: The lactic dehydrogenase activity occurred over all kinds of parasites used in this study. Most worms of nematodes and trematodes displayed their maximum activity in the range of pH 2.7-3.5, and cestodes revealed their maximum activity in the ranges of both pH 2.7-3.5 and pH 7.4. In nematodes and trematodes, the lactic dehydrogenase activity increased slowly as incubation temperature increases except in the case of Eurytrema pancreaticum, while the activity in cestodes decreased inversely. The lactic dehydrogenase activity increased in proportion to the increase of substrate concentration in most of worm parasites.
parasitology-nematode-trematoda-helminth ; lacticdehydrogenase ; nicotinamide dinucloetide ; sodium pyruvate ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Ascaridia galli ; Dirofilaria immitis ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; Paramphistomum sp. ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Paragonimus westermani ; Taenia saginata ; Taenia solium ; Taenia pisiformis ; Dipylidium caninum ; Diphyllobothrium mansoni ; sparganum, Cysticercus cellulosae ; Cysticercus fasciolaris ; biochemistry- enzyme

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

To evaluate the difference of left ventricular diastolic function between pathological hypertrophy(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) and physiological hypertrophy(hypertensive heart). Doppler echocardiography was used to study mitral flow velocity in 17 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without obstruction, 32 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and 15 normal persons. From the M-mode echocardopgraphic measurement, hypertensive patients were diviede into two groups;group I;asymmetrical septal hypertrophy, group II;symmetrical septal hypertrophy. Early and late diastolic peak velocity, the ratio of late to early diastolic peak flow velocity and deceleration of early diastolic flow were measured from Doppler mitral flow velocity recordings. The results were as follows; 1) There were significant difference in E velocity between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive patients. 2) There were no significant difference in A velocity between hypertrophy cardiomyopathy and hypertensive patients. 3) E/A ratio was significantly decreased in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and group II hypertensive patients compared to group I hypertensive patients. 4) There were no significant difference in deceleration of early diastolic flow between groups. The study shows that the diastolic dysfunction of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is more severe than hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. The reason is probably due to the more extentive myopathic process in free wall of hypertrophic cardiomypathy than physiological ventricular hypertrophy.
Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic* ; Deceleration ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular*

Exploring the epidemiological trend of HIV/AIDS is required for making the national AIDS policy. In this study, the trend of HIV/AIDS incidence, rout of transmission and some characteristics of AIDS for the past 11 years in Korea using the reported cases from the national STD screening scheme were reviewed. Based on the results, the trend of main route of transmission according to the year was established by stage and the HIV/AIDS cases in this year was estimated and that to the year 2000 was projected by 'Epimodel' programme. The results were as follows. 1. Of the total infected persons, 76% were in their twenties and thirties, socioeconomically and sexually active age groups while the transmission by sexual contact overseas was decreasing, the infection through domestic heterosexual and homosexual contact was increasing. 2. In the middle of the 1980's, the infected persons were mainly prostitutes infected through heterosexual contact with the HIV positive foreigner in this county(stage l). And in the late of the 1980's the main source of infection was the sexual contact overseas and the domestic heterosexual contact(stage 2). Since the early of the 1990's, the infection through the heterosexual contact with non-regular sexual partner in this country has increased rapidly(stage 3), which was the evidence of the possibility of HIV epidemics. After that, it was expected that the infection through the homosexual contacts, the heterosexual contacts with commercial sex workers outside and the non-regular sexual contact inside of this county would increase continuously. In the result, the occurrence of neonatal infection by vertical transmission was expected(stage 4). 3. The number of HIV/AIDS was estimated at 572 to 2,313 and the projected number of HIV/AlDS to the year 2000 was around 5,800 including 627 AlDS patients. For the further study on the estimation and projection of HIV/AIDS, it was suggested that the sampling survey on the HIV infection rate in the high risk groups and the sentinel hospital surveillance system should be conducted.
Emigrants and Immigrants ; Heterosexuality ; HIV Infections ; HIV* ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; Sex Workers ; Sexual Partners

Inflammatory nodular vascular diseases of the legs have been classified as severah distinctive entities based on their minor clinical and pathological variations. They have so many common features which often make the differential diagnosis difficult or impossihIe that reevaluation of these diseases is one of the important problems in the dermatologic field. The author studied the clinical and pathological relationship of those diseases in 86 patients including 70 cases of erythema nodosum, 7 of erythema induratum, 3 of panniculitis, and 6 of nodular vasculitis. The results are as follows; l. Erythema nodosum, erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis are most common. In the spring and patient are most often in their twenties. 2. Common to all, females are more commonly affected than males. 3.Erythema nodosum, erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis reveal no definite difference in their clinical pictures and laboratory findings. 4. Erythema nodosum, erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis are founded to be assoeiated with mostly streptococcal infection and/or tuberculosis; panniculitis is associated mainly with streptococcal infection.5. In histopathological findings, tubercle formation and caseation necrosis are more marked in erythema induratum than in erythema nodosum and nodular vasculitis. 6. The panniculitis is characterized by inflammation of the small sized vessels in. subcutaneous tissues; Nodular vasculitis reveals its main lesion in the large sized. Vessels of lower dermis. In erythema nodosum and erythema induratum, small. And medium-sized vessels are involved in subcutaneous tissue.
Dermis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Erythema Induratum ; Erythema Nodosum ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leg* ; Male ; Necrosis ; Panniculitis ; Streptococcal Infections ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tuberculosis ; Vascular Diseases ; Vasculitis

This study was carried out to establish qualitative diagnosis on colposcopy. Pthological presumption was performed colposcopically on caaes consisting of 60 carcinoma in situ, 12 mierninvasive carcinoma and 56 stage Ib cancer based on colp~nscopic findings. Charar.teristic features of colposcopic findings in each clinical stage are as follows: 1. In CIS, single fiings of white epithelium appeared mainly, and double findings out of mosaic, punctation and white epithelium followed. Atypical vessels rarely detected. Concerning circumferential expanse, grade Ill findings recognizedless than half, 2. In microinvasive carcinoma, moaic with central or penetrating vesse1s and dilated or crooked atypical vessels appeared. 3. IC findings were predominant in stage Ib cancer except some cases.
Carcinoma in Situ ; Cervix Uteri* ; Colposcopy ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Female

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis*

Since the Plasma-Renin Activity (PRA) value varies by many factors such as amount of sodium in-take, diuretics and posture, the basal PRA with double stimulated PRA measurement is most widely used. However the method of the study is different according to investigators and especially the PRA study in out-patient is not easy. Author attempted to establish an easy and reliable method of PRA study in out-patient and their data were compaired with those of in-patient by the study of 38 normal cases in 207 hypertensive patients. Twenty four hours urine and overnight urine sodium measurement showed that the overnight urine sodium was about 45% of that of twenty four hour urine. More than 70mEq of overnight urine sodium is considered to be borderline to neglect sodium intake for study. The PRA of normal adult was measured at 30 minutes and one hour rest in supine or sitting position after arrival to hospital. There were minor increase of PRA after 30 minutes and one hour rest than basal PRA which will not confuse the evaluation of PRA. After Lasix 40mg and 20mg intravenous injection with walking respectively, the PRA changes were measured in 30 minutes, 1, 2, and 3 hours in normal adult. The results appeared that Lasix 20mg intravenous injection and 1 hour walking double stimulation is suitable method of PRA stimulation test in out-patient clinic. The Lasix 40mg I.V. and 2 hour walking stimulation test is considered to be suitable method of PRA stimulation test in ward patient. With above study, the following method of PRA study in out-patient clinic is recommended; 1) Overnight fasting and overnight urine collection for urinary sodium measurement 2) Patient should visit hospital in fasting state and take rest for 30 minutes in supine or sitting position and thereafter take blood sample about 5-10ml as out-patient basal PRA. Inject Lasix 20mg intravenously and walk for 1 hour and take blood sample again as double stimulation test. As double stimulation test of PRA for in-patient, Lasix 40mg l.V. and 2 hours walking is recommended. By using above method, the basal PRA in clinic in 16 young normal adults was 2.30+/-1.02(0.70-3.47)ng/ml/h sitting rest and 1.76+/-1.21(0.1-4.03)ng/ml/h in supine rest. In 47 non-hypertensive ward patients who will not have any abnormality in PRA, the 24 hour urinary sodium was average 221mEq and the basal PRA was and the basal PRA was 1.46+/-0.89(0.30-3.75)ng/ml/h. In outpatients with essential hypertension without complication, the average basal PRA was not different from that of normal adult. However male ward-patients with essential hypertension without complication had slightly higher average PRA than normal adult. The distribution of low(<0.56ng/ml/h) average(0.57-2.35ng/ml/h) and high(>2.36ng/ml/h) renin groups in essental hypertension showed higher incidence of high renin group in male ward-patients. But in out-patients with hypertension, the low renin group of patient was high. Relatively low normal value of PRA in this study may be due to high sodium in-take. The higher incidence of high PRA group in essential hypertension of in-patients may be due to the difference of hypertensive status between out-patient and in-patient.
Adult ; Diuretics ; Fasting ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Inpatients* ; Male ; Outpatients* ; Plasma* ; Posture ; Reference Values ; Renin* ; Research Personnel ; Sodium ; Urine Specimen Collection ; Walking

No abstract available.
Hope* ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction*