No abstract available.
Nephrotic Syndrome* ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets* ; T-Lymphocytes*

In this study, the feasibility of identification and genotypic differentiation of enteroviruses was investigated by using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR), single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Two hundred seventy-four clinical samples were assayed by both nested RT-PCR and tube culture method using MRC-5 and MK cells; 58 (86.6%) out of 67 enterovirus culture-positive samples contained enteroviral RNA. In addition, 114 (55.1%) of 207 samples from patients with suspected enteroviral CNS disease with negative viral cultures were positive by the nested RT-PCR. The nested RT-PCR products were genotyped by the SSCP method and the results were compared with serotypes. We could differentiate 6 subtypes, 3 of which are similar to coxsackievirus B3, B5, echovirus 11, plus 3 other subtypes. RFLP cleaved with Sty I, Bgl I, and Xmn I yielded characteristic patterns for each laboratory strains. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the RT-PCR for the rapid diagnosis of enterovirus infection and the potentials of the SSCP method for differentiation of enterovirus strains.
Central Nervous System Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; Enterovirus* ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; RNA

The frequent occurrence of hematuria in children necessitates diagnostic evaluation. Hematuria may occur with either renal or lower urinary tract disease. Clarification of the etiology of hematuria, whether microscopic or gross, is facilited by localizing the site of bleeding to the kidney (glomerular) or the lower urinary tract (non-glomerular). The mean cellular volume (MCV) of urinary red blood cells (RBCs) of pediatric patients with glomerular (group I; n=77) and non-glomerular (group II; n=34) hematuria was determined using Coulter Counter Model S plus IV. We found that re blood cells of glomerular origin had a smaller volume than non-glomerular cells(73.79 9.75 m3 vs 83.55 3.77 m3, p<0.001). If an urinary MCV equal to 80.56 m3 was taken as the cut-off value between glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria, a correct assessment of the site of bleeding was made in 89 (80%) of the 111 patients studied (sensitivity 76%, specificity 88%). The ratio of the urinary erythrocyte MCV to that in blood(Umcv/Bmcv) was compared with the diagnosis. If an Umcv/Bmcv ratio equal to 0.95 was taken as the cut-off value between glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria, a correct assessment of the site of bleeding was made in 93 (83%) of the 111 patients studied (sensitivity 79.6%, specificity 94%). Coulter counter analysis of urine provides a simple noninvasive and objective aid to the diagnosis of hematurai. This test, when used early in the management of pediatric patients with hematuria, may help to avoid invasive investigations.
Blood Cells ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Erythrocytes* ; Hematuria* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Kidney ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Tract ; Urologic Diseases

We report a case of hepatoma with duodenal metastasis in a 53 year-old male patient. Hepatoma was confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology technique, and duodenal metastasis by gastrofiberscopic biopsy. Duodenal metastasis of hepatoma is rare. We briefly review the role of fine needle aspiration cytology technique in diagnosis of hepatoma.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Humans ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proteinuria* ; Specific Gravity*

No abstract available.
Creatinine* ; Plasma*

The hyperlipoproteinemias are the disturbance of lipid transport resulted from accelerated synthesis or retarded degradation of lipoproteins that transport cholesterol and trigycerides through plasma. These diseases are classified as type I, type IIa, type IIb, type III, type IV, type V, and hyper- -lipoproteinemia by lipoprotein phenotype. Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is uncommon in childhood and characterized by elevation of triglyceride levels due to increases in both VLDL and chylomicrons and lipoprotein electrophoresis shows increased pre- , , and chylomicron bands. We experienced a case of hyperlipoproteinemia type V in a 12 year old male who presented no specific signs and symptoms. So, we report a case of hyperlipoproteinemia type V with brief review of the literatures.
Child ; Cholesterol ; Chylomicrons ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V* ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Phenotype ; Plasma ; Triglycerides

Objective: Menstruation is a great part as the procedure for physiological, psychological development and physical growth, and menstrual disorders are very common problems in adolescence period. these problems can be resolved by interview or appropriate education of normal pubertal development. However unlike other developed countries, systematic report or appropriate education for menstruation may not be performed in our country. Therefore. our pediatric department investigated for menstruation of normal pubertal age women as an information educating adolescence. Methods: In cross-sectional study (ex, questionnaire), 4112 junior high and high school girl students (12~18 years old) in Ansan, Kyungki-do were investigated for menarcheal age, menstrual cycle, duration, amount, premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and relation to family history. Resulta: 1) Mean Menarcheal age was 12.9+/-1.2 years. According to menarcheal age by present age, menarcheal age was younger when present age was young as menarcheal age 11.8+/-0.6 years at 12 years, 13.3+/-1.1 years at 16 years, and 13.7+/-1.1 years at 18 years, respectively (p<0.001). 2) The month during which menarche occurs most frequently was August (14.7%), followed by July, December and January. 3) Considering menstrual cycle, mixed type (regular and irregular cycle) was most common (39.0%), and menstrual cycle became regular after mean 8.8+/-8.4 months. 4) In women having regular menstrual cycle, most women (53.l0%) had menstrual cycles between 26 and 30 days, next was 21~25 days and 31~35 days according to frequency. 5) Menstrual duration was 5~6 days by 49.6% of the women. 6) Premenstrual syndrome was noted in 56.0% of the women, in that 42.5% experienced occasionally and 13.5% always, respectively. 7) Dysmenorrhea was showed in 85.0% of the women. A total of 63.7% of the respondents suffered from dysmenorrhea was unaffected on daily activity as grade l and was needed no medication to relieve pain. Grade 2 (20.5%) was defined that limited daily activity and was needed medication to relieve pain. Grade 3 (0.9%) was defined that inhibited daily activity seriously, and was unimproved by analgesics. 8) The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 78.0% at 12 years, 85.9% at 15 years and 94.0% at 18 years, respectively. Getting older, frequency of dysmenorrhea was increasing. 9) Dysmenorrhea was experienced for the first time during the first year after the menarche by 65.3% of the women. The amount of menstrual bleeding was significantly correlated to the severity of dysmenorrhea (P<0.001), and dysmenorrhea reported by the women was singificantly correlated to maternal dysmenorrhea (p<0.01) and to sisters with dysmenorrhea (p<0.001). Conclusions: We found that Korean adolescent girls had earlier menarcheal age than past period, and they had many problems for menstruation. This study suggested that it may be needed adolescent education and appropriate treatment of menstrual disorders.
Adolescent ; Analgesics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Developed Countries ; Dysmenorrhea ; Education ; Female ; Female* ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Menarche ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation* ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Prevalence ; Siblings

Although febrile convulsion (FC) is a common clinical entity with a high recurrence rate, no specific factors have been identified to be highly predictive of its recurrence. A total of 114 cases of FC identified during a 28 month period (January, 1989-May, 1991) was analysed. A slight predominance of boys over girls (1.3 to 1.0) was observed. the majority of cases (89.4%) were under 3 years of age and the most common age range for the onset of FC was 1~2 years. The most common form of FC was tonic type (54.0%), followed by tonic-clonic (32.5%), clonic (5.3%), and complex partial type (5.3%). Most FC episodes lasted less than 5 minutes (81.6%), and common clinical diagnosis underlying FC were as follows: pharyngotonsillitis (64.0%), bronchitis and/or pneumonia(16.7%), and gastroenteritis (9.7%). The family history for seizure disorder was present in 27.2% of the cases: FC in 21.1%, epiepsy in 4.4%, and both in 1.8%. Among 78 cases of the first FC, 43 cases were followed for 5 to 29 months without prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy. The overall recurrence rate of FC in this group was 67.4% and the highest incidence was observed in patients less than one year old (86.7%). A higher recurrence rate (80%) was observed in patients whose body temperature was lower than 39degrees C, as opposed to higher than 39degrees C (50%). It is concluded that the recurrence of FC is positively correlated with factors such as younger age (less than one year old), and lower body temperature at the time of onset of FC.
Body Temperature ; Bronchitis ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Recurrence ; Seizures, Febrile*

No abstract available.
Intestinal Obstruction*

No abstract available.
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome*