No abstract available.
Histiocytosis*

Defining risk factors obviously is important in establishing strategies for prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Much evidence concerning risk factors for COPD comes from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that identify causal associations rather than cause-effect relationship, and therefore, current understanding of risk factors for COPD is incomplete, yet. However, identification of cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor revealed to be a cause and leads to smoking cessation programs, which are key ingredients of COPD prevention. Influences of gender, genes other than alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, airway hyperresponsiveness, occupational dusts, fumes, chemicals, childhood pulmonary infection and socioeconomic status to the development of COPD have been suggested as possible risk factors.
Dust ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Risk Factors* ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation ; Social Class

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Tuberculosis*

Although mediastinal involvement by Hodgkin's disease is frequent, the initial presentation of the lymphoma by an endobronchial lesion is rare. A 23-year-old man was admitted with progressive dyspnea. Initial chest roentgenogram showed atelectasis of right middle and lower lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed a polypoid mass obstructing the right mainstem bronchus. The mass lesion was histologically confirmed as Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis type. He received systemic chemotherapy and improved rapidly.
Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspnea ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Sclerosis ; Thorax ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary* ; Diagnosis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate high-resolution CT(HRCT) findings of the miliary tuberculosis and their significancy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively studied clinical records, HRCT and chest radiographs of 14 patients with miliary tuberculosis. RESULTS: On HRCT, nodules were seen in all 14 cases, 10 of them evenly, and 4 were irregularly distributed. The size of each nodule was less than 1 mm in 7 cases, 1 --2ram in 6 cases, and 3mm or more in 1 case. The ground - glass opacity was accompanied in 8 cases, and fine reticular opacity was also noted in 8 cases. Other associated findings were pleural effusion (n=4), hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n=3), consolidation of the exudative tuberculosis (n=4). CONCLUSION: HRCT findings of miliary tuberculosis are diffusely distributed micronodules of variable size, less than 5mm in diameter. The ground-glass opacity can be combined.
Glass ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Pleural Effusion ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Miliary*

PURPOSE: We measured pulmonary epithelial permeability by Tc-DTPA radioaerosol clearance in patients with diabetes and correlated with the presence of microangiopathy to understand the pathophysiology of pulmonary microangiopathy and evaluate Tc-DTPA radioaerosol clearance as a diagnostic test to assess pulmonary microangiopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed ' Tc-DTPA radioaerosol scan in 10 normal subjects, 10 asym-ptomatic smokers, 20 diabetic patients without history of smoking (10 with microangiopathy, 10 without microangiopathy). Tc-DTPA clearance half-time (T1/2) was calculated, then compared with the result of chest radiography and pulmonary function test. RESULTS: Chest radiography and pulmonary function test were normal in all subjects. There were no significant difference of clinical or laboratory characteristics between these groups except age. The diabetic patients with micraangiopathy were significantly older (p<0.05). The T1/2of normal subjects and asyrnptomatic smokers were significantly different (65.2+23.7min vs 39.6+9.8min, p<0.05). For diabetic patients with microangiopathy, the T, was 90 5+46.5min and significantly delayed when compared with those of normals and asymptomatic smokers (p<0.05). However, the T1/2of diabetic patients without microangiopathy, 70.0+12.7 min, was not significantly different from those of normals or asyrnptomatic smokers (p>0.05). No significant correlation was found between the T1/2and spirometric parameters including DLcc>, FVC, FEV>, FEV(/FVC (%) and FEF)5-75g in all subjects, and between the T1/2 and duration of diabetes in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: Eventhough the influence of age cant be excluded, delayed Tc-DTPA clearance half-time (T1/2)in diabetic patients with microangiopathy indicates decreased pulmonary cspillary permeability as one of the pathophysiologic results of pulmonary microangiopaththy. Further studies are needed in larger number of age matched control and diabetic patients to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Permeability ; Radiography ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Lymphangioma* ; Mediastinal Cyst*

No abstract available.
Cholesterol* ; Pleural Effusion*

BACKGROUND: The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis presents a significant challange to the treatment and control of tuberculosis, and there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms by which strains acquire multidrug resistance. Recent advances in molecular methods for the detection of M. tuberculosis genetic targets have approached the sensitivity of culture Furthermore the prospect of determining resistance in mycobacteria at the nucleic acid level particulary to first-line drugs like rifampin, isoniazid has provided a glimps of the next generation of sensitivity test for M. tuberculosis. Previous studies in RMP resistant M. tuberculosis have shown that mutation in beta subunit of RNA polymerase is main mechanism of resistance. METHOD: In this study, rpoB gene for the ~3 subunit of RNA polymerase from M. tuberculosis of 42 cultured samples (32 were RMP resistant and 10 were sensitive cases) were isolated and characterised the mutations. Direct sequencing data were compared with the results of INNO-LiPA Line Probe Assay (LiPA, Innogenetics, Belgium), commercial RMP resistance detecting kit using reverse hybridization method. RESULTS: All of the RMP resistant samples were revealed the presence of mutation by LiPA. In 22 samples (68.8%) out of 32 RMP resistant cases, the mutation types were confirmed by the positive signal at one of 4 mutation bands in the strip. The most frequent type was R5 (S53 IL) which were 17 cases (77.3%). Results of direct sequencing were identified the exact characteristics of 8 mutations which were not comfirmed by LiPA. S522W type point mutation and 9 base pair deletion at codon 513-515 were new identified mutations for the first time. CONCLUSION: Mutations in rpoB gene is the main mechanism of RMP resistance in M. tuberculosis and LiPA is a very useful diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of RMP resistance in M. tuberculosis.
Base Pairing ; Codon ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Early Diagnosis ; Isoniazid ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Point Mutation ; Rifampin ; RNA Polymerase I ; Tuberculosis*