No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Spine*

PURPOSE: This study aimed at analyzing the causes of death of prisoners of war (POWs) during the Korean War (1950-1953) who fought for the Communist side (North Korea and the People's Republic of China). In 1998, the United States Department of Defense released new information about the prisoners including, 7,614 deaths of the POW during the Korean War. The data on the causes of death of the POWs during the Korean War provides valuable information on the both the public health and history of the conflict. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To analyze the causes of death of the POWs, we classified the clinical diagnosis and findings on 7,614 deaths into 22 chapters, as outlined in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th Revision (ICD-10). Second, we traced changes in the monthly death totals of POWs as well as deaths caused by common infectious diseases and external causes of death including injury over time from August 1950 to September 1953. RESULTS: The most common category of causes of deaths of POWs was infectious disease, 5,013 (65.8%) out of 7,614 deaths, followed by external causes including injury, 817 (10.7%). Overall, tuberculosis and dysentery/diarrhea were the most common causes of death. Deaths caused by acute and chronic infection, or external causes showed different patterns of increases and decline over time during the Korean War. CONCLUSION: The information and data on POWs' deaths during the Korean War reflects the critical impact of the POWs' living conditions and the effect of public health measures implemented in POW camps during the war.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Cause of Death ; Child ; China/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Korean War ; Middle Aged ; Prisoners of War/*history

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the trajectory of change of diverse attention and working memory in Koreans from 4 to 40 years of age. METHODS: The data of 912 subjects from 4 to 15 years of age obtained from a previous standardization study of the computerized comprehensive attention test were merged with the newly obtained data of 150 subjects aged 16 to 40 years from this study. We evaluated the various kinds of attention, in which each subtest had five indicators. Working memory, with parameters such as number of correct responses and span, was also measured. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that attention developed as age increased, and it decreased or was maintained after a certain age. Selective and sustained attention developed rapidly in children and adolescents, until mid-teens or 20 s when it ceased development. Divided attention, however, developed up to approximately age 20. In addition, working memory developed until mid-teens or 20 s. CONCLUSION: We presented the standardized data on diverse kinds of attention and working memory in children, adolescents, and adults in Korea. We could recognize any patterns of change in attention and working memory with increasing age.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Korea ; Memory, Short-Term ; Neuropsychological Tests

BACKGROUND: Chimerism analysis used to be one of the most valuable methods for monitoring patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). The relationship between the mixed chimerism status and the risk of relapse has been controversial. We analysed the clinical significance of mixed chimerism for the prediction of relapse after SCT. METHODS: Between October 2000 and January 2002, 16 patients with haematologic malignancies treated with SCT were included in this study. The median follow-up periods were 11.5 months (range 5-32 months) after SCT. For chimerism analysis, STR (D13S317, D5S818, D7S820) and VNTR (D1S80, D17S30) loci were amplified by PCR. Patients who exhibited complete donor hematopoiesis at all times during the follow-up period were defined as CCG (complete chimerism group) and those who showed mixed chimerism at least once at any time were definded as the MCG (mixed chimerism group). Relapse was considered based on clinical, hematologic and cytogenetic findings. RESULTS: MCG was 63% (10/16). Relapse was observed in 80% (8/10) of MCG and none of CCG (P>0.05). Among 8 relapsed patients, two patients showed MC 1 month prior to relapse and 4 patients changed to MC from CC at relapse status. The remaining 1 patient continued to show CC. CONCLUSIONS: Mixed chimerism seems to be associated with a high risk of relapse. For early detection of relapse, chimerism analysis may need to be performed at shorter time intervals than once a month.
Chimerism* ; Cytogenetics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recurrence ; Tissue Donors

Isolated extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with sparing of the marrow after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is not common. We report a 32-year-old female patient with isolated ovarian relapse of T-cell ALL 18 months after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. She had no evidence of concomitant relapse in the bone marrow.
Adult ; Bone Marrow* ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Recurrence ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes

There are numerous theories of pathophysiology in intracranial aneurysm, but currently accepted hypothesis was congenital defect of medial layer of vascular wall and the major developing factor was hemodynamics. Almost physicians were belived that treatment of intracranial aneurysm was completely through clipping of aneurysmal neck. But many reports were emphasized newly deloped intracranial(De Novo) aneurysm after clipping of initially identified intracranial aneurysm. The authors have same experienced of 2 cases intracranial "Do Novo" aneurysms. We are stress there were never completed treatment of aneurysm that clipping of initially identified intracranial aneurysm and should be attention to "De Novo" aneurysm.
Aneurysm* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Hemodynamics ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Neck

Addisons disease is relatively rare than secondary adrenal insufficiency and result from progressive adrenocortical destruction. The common causes are idiopathic autoimmune atrophy and tuberculosis of adrenal glands. It is generally regarded as incurable in the sense that substitution therapy is required for the rest of the patients life. We report a case of tuberculous primary adrenal insufficiency which was confirmed by biopsy. This case was treated with antituberculous medication and showen to have improved adrenocortical function after six months.
Addison Disease* ; Adrenal Glands ; Adrenal Insufficiency ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) has become the treatment of choice for advanced liver disease. However, renal dysfunction often complicates the course of liver transplant recipients. The preoperative serum creatinine level have been shown to be an important predictor of a short-term graft and patient survival rates and the need for perioperative dialysis. This study examined the impact of the pretransplant renal function on the anesthetic characteristics and renal function after LT. METHODS: Patients undergoing LT were divided two groups according to the creatinine (Cr) level at time of LT. The following information was collected for each patient: age, etiology, weight and height, serum Cr, Cr clearance, patient survival, and cause of death. The laboratory data was collected at preoperative day, operation day and postoperative 1, 7, 30 days and 6 months. The hemodynamic profile was collected during LT. RESULTS: There were 27 patients in the renal dysfunction (RD) group. Ascites, total blood transfusion and fluid administration was significantly higher in the RD group. The hemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups. The BUN and Cr levels were significantly higher in the RD group in the perioperative period. At the preoperative period, the AST, ALT, bilirubin and prothrombin time was significantly higher in the RD group. The postoperative ICU stay and mortality rate was higher in the RD group. CONCLUSIONS: A pretransplant renal dysfunction is the result of deterioration in the liver function in the preoperative period, and indicates a greater requirement of blood and fluid during surgery.
Ascites ; Bilirubin ; Blood Transfusion ; Cause of Death ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Transplantation ; Liver* ; Mortality ; Perioperative Period ; Preoperative Period ; Prothrombin Time ; Survival Rate ; Transplantation ; Transplants

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiutetic hormone(SIADH) secretion is the most common cause of hyponatremia in clinical medicine. Before diagnosis of the SIADH is made, other causes for a decreased diluting capacity and nonosmotic stimuli for AVP release need to be rule out. Disorders associated with SIADH can be divided into 4 major etiologic groups: malignancies, pulmonary diseases, central nervous disorders, and drugs. A 45-year-old woman was admitted due to maculopapular skin eruption and fever after taking medications for fever and myalgia. Generalized tonic clonic seizure was developed nine days later, and laboratory results showed marked hyponatremia. During the evaluation, treatment, and subsequent follow-up, the diagnosis of SIADH was confirmed, but the definitive cause was obscure. With fluid restriction, sodium replacement and demeclocycline therapy, she recovered completely 6 months later. We suggest that the SIADH might be related to drug-induced generalized maculopapular rash via menmgitis-like reaction in CSF as one of systemic adverse side effects to drugs rather than direct effect of related drugs.
Clinical Medicine ; Demeclocycline ; Diagnosis ; Exanthema* ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome* ; Lung Diseases ; Middle Aged ; Myalgia ; Seizures ; Skin ; Sodium