No abstract available.
Animals ; Indomethacin* ; Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated* ; Mice*

We present an autopsy case of signet ring cell carcinoma of urinary bladder which underwent widespread metastsis through nearly entire organ. The patient, 45-year old male, suffered from hematuria, dysuria and flank pain for 6 months. Under the diagnosis of the signet ring cell carcinoma by the cystoscopic biopsy, radical cystectomy and ileocutaneous ureteral division were performed. But he died after 11-months after the diagnosis. The autopsy confirmed the widespread metastasis at the lung, kidney, adrenal gland, parathyroid gland, heart, stomach, ileum, spine, rib and meninges. The preveously resected urinary bladder discolosed the well defined fungating mass at the dome and anterio-lateral portion without apparent evidence of the remnant of the urachus. Histologically, the signet ring cells were predominent and focally mucinous pool floating the signet ring cells was noted. We could find several foci of the well differentiated adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. The above findings may reflect that the origin of carcinoma may be from the multipotential transitional cell epithelium.
Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Rieger's syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant developmental anomaly characterized by ocular and systemic abnomalities. These disorders are typically bilateral and usually diagnosed at birth or in the childhood. The most common ocular defects are hypoplasia of the iris, a prominent Schwalbe's line with iris strands and corectopia. A large number of patients have glaucoma due to devel-opmental defects of the anterior chamber angle structure. The authors experienced a case of Rieger's syndrome which was found in 31-year-old female, who had characteristic ocular and other systemic abnormalities. Associated glaucoma was well controlled by filtering surgery.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Atrophy ; Edema ; Female ; Filtering Surgery ; Frontal Lobe ; Glaucoma* ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Iris ; Neurofibromatoses ; Optic Atrophy ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Diseases* ; Parturition ; Skin

The metallic failure is one of the annoying problems after fracture surgery. The seventeen cases of metallic failures after compression plate fixation were treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine between January, 1980 and December, 1988. The results were summerized as follows: l. Among 17 cases, 12(70.5%) were under 40 years of age and 14(80%) were male patients. 2. The sites of fracture of the seventeen cases; 12 femurs, 3 tibiae, and 2 radii. Of the cases, there were breakage of plates in 13 cases, bending 1 case and failure of screw in 3 cases. 3. The pattern of fracture: communited fracture
Femur ; Fractures, Bone ; Fractures, Open ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; Radius ; Tibia ; Transplants ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Osteoarthritis*

We describe a case of fine needle aspiration cytology of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the lymph node of the neck presenting a predominantly spindle cell pattern. A 36 year-old male patient complained of dysesthesia on the right face and a palpable neck mass. Fine needle aspiration was done on the neck mass. Tumor cells were present in syncytial groups or singly with mainly spindle shaped nuclei, vesicular chromatin, thin and regular nuclear membrane, occasional prominent nucleoli and a few foci of cellular cohesiveness. The cytoplasm was scant and pale with ill-defined borders. Mature lymphocytes were present in the background of aspirates and within the tumor cell clusters. Histologically, the tumor of nasopharynx showed several areas of spindle cell pattern. Because the tumor cells showed a predominantly spindle shape with vesicular nuclear chromatin, the differential diagnosis of spindle cell sarcoma or granuloma of epithelioid cells were considered, but the characteristic morphology of the nuclei with vesicular chromatin and prominent nucleoli, and cellular cohesiveness were important in making the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The possibility of metastatic carcinoma should always be considered in fine needle aspiration cytology of the lymph node in the neck because the incidence of metastatic carcinoma, particularly of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the lymph nodes of the neck is relatively high.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of subparalytic doses of pancuronium on the its onset time of action during induction before endotracheal intubation. The patients were composed of 20 healthy female and 20 male adults which were ASA class l and ll. At the time of intubation, the control group received a pancuronium 0.08mg/kg as a single bolus after a 2.5% thiopental sodium 5mg/kg injection, and the pretreatment group received subparalytic dose of pancuronium 0.015mg/kg before the thiopental sodium injection and then followed by pancuronium 0.08mg/kg 3 minutes later. The degree of neuromuscular transmission was measured using the train of four stimulation of the ulnar nerve repeated every 20 seconds, and the time was measured when the 1st twitch height(T1) was changed to 85%, 75%, 50% and 25%. The results were as follows; the onset time of neuromuscular blocking action was quicker in female patients than in male patients, and was significantly more rapid in both sexes in the pretreated group by 23.3 to 63.8% compared to the control group.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pancuronium ; Thiopental ; Ulnar Nerve

Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic velocity profiles of four cardiac valves in a group of 85 infants and children with left to right shunt lesions(VSD, ASD and PDA) are presented. Velocities were obtained before operation and 10 days afterward. The results were as follows ; 1) VSD(type 2) Peak velocities of mitral valve were significantly decreased when compared preop. with postop. echocardiogram(n=37, preop 132+/-24, postop 98+/-16 cm/sec, p<0.0005). Peak velocities of tricuspid valve were also significantly decreased(n=30, perop 60+/-21, postop 50+/-17cm/sec, p<0.01). Peak velocities of aortic valve were decreased(n=18, perop 120+/-20, postop 108+/-26cm/sec, 0.010.05). Peak velocities of pulmonic valve were significantly decreased(n=17, perop 168+/-46, postop 104+/-51cm/sec, p<0.0005). 3) PDA Peak velocities of mitral valve were significantly decreased when compared perop. with postop. echocardiogram(n=29, perop 138+/-28, postop 111+/-19cm/sec, p<0.0005). Tricuspid valve velocities showed no significant changes between preop. and postop. echocardiogram (n=15, perop 47+/-12, postop 44+/-10cm/sec, p>0.05). Aortic valve velocities showed no significant changes (n=10, perop 134+/-23, postop 121+/-25cm/sec, p>0.05). Peak velocities of pulmonic valve were significantly decreased(n=28, perop 138+/-37, postop 107+/-27cm/sec, p<0.005). This study demonstrates that Doppler echocardiographic assessment of velovity changes are correlated with known hemodynamic data and also will be a good index in the evaluation of operation.
Aortic Valve ; Child ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Heart Valves* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infant ; Mitral Valve ; Tricuspid Valve

BACKGROUND: It is now thought that the earliest manifestation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is alveolitis, that is, an accumulation of inflammatory and immune effector cells within alveolar walls and spaces. Inflammatory cells including alveolar macrophages and resident normal pulmonary tissue cells participate through the release of many variable mediators such as inflammatory growth factors and cytokines, which contribute to tissue damage and finally cause chronic pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. This study was performed to investigate the source and distribution pattern of transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta1), platelet derived growth factor(PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF), interleukin 1(IL-1), interleukin 6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) and the role of these mediators on bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary injury and fibrosis in rats. METHOD: Wistar rats were divided into three groups(control group, BML treated group, BML and vitamine E treated group). Animals were sacrifices periodically at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after saline or BLM administration. The effects were compared to the results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, light microscopic findings, immunohistochemical stains for six defferent mediators(TGF-beta1, PDGF, bFGF, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha) and mRNA in situ hybridization for TGF-beta1. RESULTS: IL-1 and IL-6 are maximally expressed at postbleomycin 1~7th day which are mainly produced by neutrophils and bronchiolar epithelium. It is thought that they induce recruitment of inflammatory cells at the injury site. The expression of IL-1 and IL-6 at the bronchiolar epithelium within 7th day is an indirect evidence of contribution of bronchiolar epithelial cells to promote and maintain the inflammatory and immune responses adjacent to the airways. TNF-alpha is mainly produced by neutrophils and bronchiolar epithelial cells during 1~5th day, alveolar macrophages during 7~28th day. At the earlier period, TNF-alpha causes recruitment of inflammatory cells at the injury site and later stimulates pulmonary fibrosis. The main secreting cells of TGF-beta1 are alveolar macrophages and bronchiolar epithelium and the target is pulmonary fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. TGF-beta1 and PDGF stimulate proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts and TGF-beta1 and bFGF incite the fibroblasts to produce extracellular matrix. The vitamine E and BLM treated group shows few positive cells(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: After endothelial and epithelial injury, the neutrophils and bronchiolar epithelium secrete IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha which induce infiltration of many neutrophils. It is thought that variable enzymes and O2 radicals released by these neutrophils cause destruction of normal lung architecture and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. At the 7~28th day, TGF-beta1, PDGF, bFGF, TNF-alpha secreted by alveolar macrophages sting pulmonary fibroblasts into proliferating with increased production of extracellular matrix and finally, they make progression of pulmonary fibrosis. TNF-alpha compares quite important with TGF-beta1 to cause pulmonary fibrosis. Vitamine E seems to decrease the extent of BLM induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Animals ; Bites and Stings ; Bleomycin* ; Blood Platelets ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Coloring Agents ; Cytokines* ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosis ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; RNA, Messenger ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vitamins

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*