No abstract available.
Korea* ; Rehabilitation*

Thirty cases of peripheral nerve injury were selected and analysed by means of electromyographic studies at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, from January 1972 to August 1972. 1. The sex ratio was 17:13 (male: female). The peak incidence occurred in the twenty to thirty year age group. Involved side: right side 18 cases: left side 12 cases. 2. Nerve involved: peroneal nerve (15 cases), tibial nerve (2 cases), median nerve (7 cases), ulnar nerve (4 cases) and radial nerve (2 case). 3. Mode of nerve injuries 1) Peroneal nerve: Nerve compression, variable (10 cases) Tibia & fibular fracture complication (4 cases) Stab wound, fibular neck region (1 case) 2) Tibial nerve: Injection neuritis, buttock (2 cases) 3) Median nerve: Cut glass laceration, wrist region (3 cases) Carpal tunnel syndrome (3 cases) Undetermined mode (1 case) 4) Ulnar nerve: Cut glass laceration, wrst region (2 cases) Forearm bones fracture complication (1 case) Supracondylar fracture (cubitus valgus) (1 case) 5) Radial nerve: Cut glass laceration, wrist region (1 case) Crushing injury, elbow region (1 case) 4. Among the 15 cases of peroneal nerve injury, there were 10 cases of partial denervation and 5 cases of complete denervation. 5. The mode of injury in 10 cases of partial denervation was nerve compression from the following causes: lithotomy posture during forceps delivery (1 case), external rotation of legs during recovery state after surgery (3 cases), abnormal posture during coma state after CO intoxication (2 cases), tight long leg cast (3 cases), and direct trauma while descending stairs (1 case). 6. In all 10 cases of partial denervation of the peroneal nerve, decreased motor nerve conduction velocities, diminished amplitude and prolonged latencies were observed. 7. In partial denervation of the peroneal nerve, the earliest that reinnervation was observed was within 3 weeks in 3 out of 10 cases. 8. Spontaneous fibrillation was observed 3weeks after injury in all cases except one in which it was observed only 7 days after peroneal nerve injury. 9, The earliest appearance of positive sharp waves among all peroneal nerve injuries was observed 2 weeks after injury. 10. The initial appearance of nascent potentials (polyphasic potentials) in peroneal nerve injuries was observed 3 weeks after injury (1 case), 5 weeks after injury (1 case), and 5 months after injury (1 case). They are all partial denervation cases due to nerve compression. 11. Ten cases of partial denervation of the peroneal nerve were treated with electrical stimulation and drop foot board with good recovery. Five cases of complete denervation of the peroneal nerve were treated with neurorrhaphy (1 case) and short leg bracing (4 cases). 12. The initial appearance, of polyphasic potentials was observed 5 months after injury in one case out of 3 cases of median nerve injury. 13. Three cases of median nerve injury were classified as carpal tunnel syndrome and occurred in women only. Observations included absence of sensory nerve action potentials below the lesion, delayed distal latency at wrist and normal motor nerve conduction velocity. They were treated by division of the deep transverse carpal ligament with good result. 14. The initial appearance of nascent potentials was observed 7 months after injury in one case among 3 cases of ulnar nerve injury. 15. In two cases each of radial and tibial nerve injury, no reinnervation pattern was observed until the six month follow-up study after injury. At that time no muscle contraction could be seen or palpated clinically. 16. We observed normal motor unit potentials in the muscles in the follow-up studies even though muscle contraction could not be seen or palpated clinically. 17. Electromyographic examination at selected intervals made accurate diagnosis and prognosis possible and aided in evaluating the course of nerve regeneration, which permictted the choice of appropriate treatment.
Action Potentials ; Braces ; Buttocks ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Coma ; Denervation ; Diagnosis ; Elbow ; Electric Stimulation ; Extremities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Forearm ; Glass ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Leg ; Ligaments ; Median Nerve ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles ; Neck ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neural Conduction ; Neuritis ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; Peroneal Nerve ; Posture ; Prognosis ; Radial Nerve ; Sex Ratio ; Surgical Instruments ; Tibia ; Tibial Nerve ; Ulnar Nerve ; Wounds, Stab ; Wrist

To determine the incidence rate of child battering and related factors, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1,255 children in 4th and 5th grades of two elementary schools (one in the upper economic class area with 519 students and the other in the lower economic class area with 504 students) in Taegu and two schools in rural areas of Kyungpook province (120 and 112 students, respectively) from 1st May to 10th May 1990. Total number of children who were battered during one-month period (1-30 April 1990) prior to the survey was 918 (73.1%)> Among the battered children 87 (6.9%) were severely battered (twice or more in a month by kicking or more severe method) and 831 children (66.2%) were moderately battered (all other battering than severe battering). The percentage of battered children and degree of battering were not significantly different between two schools in Taegu and between urban and rural areas. Common reasons for battering were disobediance (61.9%), making troubles (34.9%), and poor school performance (33.3%). However, 16.1% of severely battered children responded that the perpetrators battered them to wreak their anger and 5.7% of them did not know the reason why they were battered. A majority of the battered children (65%) regretted their fault after being battered but 20.7% of the severely battered children wanted to run away and 9.2% of them had an urge to commit suicide. While most of the physical injuries due to battering were minor as bruise (52.7%) but some of them were severe, e.g., bone fracture (2.5%), skin laceration (1.5%), and loss of consciousness (0.2%). The common psycho-behavioral complaints of the severely battered children were unwillingness to study (31%), unwillingness to live (17.2%), and reluctance to go home (13.8%). The incidence rate of severe battering was significantly higher (p=0.018) among the children living in a quarter attached to a store (14.0%) than the children living in an apartment (6.6%) and individual louse (6.2%). The incidence rate of severe battering was higher among children living in a rental house (8.4%) than children living in their own house (6.3%) (p=0.005). The children of father only working (5.1%) and mother only working (4.5%) had a lower incidence rate of severe battering than the children of both parents working (9.1%) and both parents unemployed (20.7%) (p=0.006). More children were battered when there was a sick family member (80.8%) compared with the children without a sick family member (71.4%) (p=0.001). The incidence rates of severe and moderate battering increased as the frequency of quarreling between mother and father increased (P=0.000). The percentage of unbattered children was higher among children whose father's occupation was professional (39.4%) than that of the total study subjects (26.9%) (p<0.001).
Anger ; Child* ; Contusions ; Daegu ; Fathers ; Fractures, Bone ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Mothers ; Occupations ; Parents ; Phthiraptera ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Skin ; Suicide ; Unconsciousness

The morphologic differences hetween a mucoid and pasty type of Cryptococcus neoformans derived from pigeon drops were investigated using an eIectron microscope. The following results were obtained: No essential differences in ultramicroscopic structures were noted hetween the mucoid and pasty type of C. neoformans, but the capsule is thicker in the mucoid type than the pasty one and the intracytoplasmic structures were seen more clearly in the mucoid type. These differences seem to he related to chemical components and the difficulty of penetration of fixing solution through thick capsules. There were no differences between C. neoformans derived from pigeon drops and those from pathogenic strains which were reported by others. Therefore, C. neoformans derived form pigeon drops can infect humans.
Capsules ; Columbidae* ; Cryptococcus neoformans* ; Cryptococcus* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Ultrasonography*

The pathogenetic mechanism of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is not known. Some authors suggest glomerular hypertrophy may precede the development of FSGS in patients with minimal lesion. It was recently reported that the size of nonsclerotic glomeruli in adults with FSGS is significantly larger than that of cases with minimal lesion. It is not clear whether glomerular hypertrophy observed in adults with FSGS is also seen in children with FSGS. Thus, we have analyzed 37 renal biopsies from children with FSGS by morphometry and the data were compared with 37 renal biopsies from age- and sex-matched patients with minimal lesion. The number of glomeruli submitted for morphometric analysis was 22.6+/-14.2 in cases with FSGS and 30.9+/-11.4 in cases with minimal lesion. Mean glomerular volume (MGV) in FSGS group was significantly larger than that of minimal lesion [(13.1+/-3.9) x10(5) microm3 vs. (10.1+/-1.9) x10(5) microm3, p<0.001]. The relative interstitial volume of renal cortex in patients with FSGS was significantly larger than that of minimal lesion [(0.106+/-0.051) microm3/microm3 vs. (0.029+/-0.012) microm3/microm3, p<0.0001]. In FSGS, the percentage of glomeruli with FSGS was significantly correlated with relative interstitial volume of renal cortex (r=0.79, p<0.0001). As is the case for adult FSGS, MGV of children with FSGS is significantly larger than that of minimal lesion. Thus, the presence of glomerular hypertrophy observed in biopsies with minimal lesion nephropathy seems to be an indication that the coexistent FSGS lesions are undetected due to sampling problems.
Child ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

OBJECTIVE: Pelviscopic surgery has been used in the treatment of some gynecologic disease. And now, it is applied in almost all cases of gynecologic disease. This study is performed to evaluate the clinical advantages of pelviscopic surgery. Mehtods: From March, 1997 to February 1999, total 310 cases were received laparoscopic surgery on dept. OBGY of Seonam University hospital and Chosun University hospital. We reviewed the chart and analyzed these cases about age, parity, clinical indication, operation type, duration of hospitalization, operation time and complication. RESULTS: The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The mean age of patients was 32.1 years old with ranges between 15 and 54 years old. 2. The mean parity of the patients was 1.33. 3. The common indications were ectopic pregnancy (33.5%), ovarian cyst (28.4%) and uterine myoma (16.5%). 4. The frequent types of surgery were salpingectomy (23.2%), adnexectomy (22.6%) and laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) (13.9%). 5. The operation time was variable according to the types of operation and difficulty. 6. The mean duration of hospitalization was 4.17 days. 7. The most frequent complication was hemorrhage at the trocar site. CONCLUSION: Pelviscopic surgery is useful and recommended for the treatment of gynecologic disease, because this is safe and has many advantages. So, we expect the number and indication of pelviscopic surgery will be increased in future.
Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal ; Laparoscopy ; Leiomyoma ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Cysts ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Salpingectomy ; Surgical Instruments

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to inquire into the recognition and performance of nursing students' hand washing and propose basic data for upright recognition and performance as reserve nurses. METHODS: A survey was carried out from September 1 to September 14, 2008 by first distributing questionnaires to 550 nursing collage students attending three-year-course or four-year-course colleges in Daegu. Of all the questionnaires later collected, only the copies received from the students, who were in their last year of college(416 copies), were used for analysis. RESULTS: The recognition and performance of their hand washing averaged 3.49 and 4.08 points, respectively, showing that the level of recognition was higher than that of performance. In addition, the four-year-course nursing college students showed higher recognition level compared to the three-year-course nursing college students. However, the result was vice versa for the performance level. CONCLUSION: It is necessary for nursing students, as reserve nurses, to receive an education to improve the recognition and performing level of hand washing.
Coat Protein Complex I ; Hand ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of bladder training on self voiding after removal of catheter in female patients with craniotomy, finally to develop a bladder rehabilitation program for cognitive impaired patients. Nonequivalent control group posttest design was used. The population of this study consisted of 34 hospitalized neurosurgical patients, all patients have been received craniotomy. 17 patients were assigned to the experimental group and another 17 patients to the control group. The homogeneity of general characteristics of the subjects was no significant difference. Bladder training program consisted of pre-training education, the bladder training, positive verbal reinforcement. The experimental group has been received bladder training and the control group has been received gravity drainage. The dependent variables, the frequency of voiding trial untill self voiding achieves, the frequency of urinary retention, the amount of residual urine, the occurrence of urinary incontinence, were measured during 3 days after catheter removed. The data analyzed with SPSSWIN : frequency, percentage, t-test and chi-test were used to analyze homogeneity of general characteristics of subjects between the experimental and the control group. T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-test were used to determine the effect of bladder training. The results of the study were as follows : There was significant difference in the frequency of voiding trial untill self voiding achieves between the experimental group and the control group. There was no significant difference in the frequency of urinary retention between the experimental group and the control group. There was no significant difference in the amount of residual urine between the experimental group and the control group. However, there was significant difference in the amount of residual urine in urinary retention patients. There was significant difference in the occurrence of urinary incontinence between the experimental group and the control group. In conclusion, bladder training program as a nursing intervention was effective in increasing self voiding ability after removal of catheter for craniotomy patients. Therefore, it is recommended to use the bladder training program clinically for the bladder management of cognitive impaired patients.
Catheters* ; Craniotomy* ; Drainage ; Education ; Female* ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Nursing ; Rehabilitation ; Reinforcement, Verbal ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Retention

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Prevalence* ; Smoke* ; Smoking*