The retraction of anterior teeth could be performed more easier by inducing of skeletal anchorage system rather than by conventional method on orthodontic treatment. But, we wonder how effective the system draws well without anchorage loss and draws anterior teeth aside posteriorly, and if the system can reduce the time, in comparison with the anchorage of posterior teeth. For that reason we have studied on the subject of patients, who were required the maximum anchorage on orthodontic treatment and the cases without crowding. The subjects of the experimental group are 35 areas of 20 people who were inserted miniscrews after Mx or Mn 1st premolar extracted. Also, the subjects of the control group are 81 areas of 45 people who were not inserted miniscrews. Compared the anchorage loss of experimental group with control one, we could get the result that the anchorage loss of experimental group is 1.034+/-0.891mm and control group is 2.790+/-1.882mm(P<0.01). Compared the space closing time of experimental group with control one, we could get the result that the space closing time of experimental group is 369.40+/-110.81days and control group is 406.56+/-231.63days. But the result of comparing space closing time has no significance in statistics. We recognized that the experimental group is more faster than the control group in the canine retraction velocity from the result ; the speed of a experimental group has as much as 0.60+/-0.23mm/30days while the speed of a control group has 0.44+/-0.35mm/30days(P<0.05). So, we could convince that orthodontic miniscrew is used effectively in the cases required the maximum anchorage.
Bicuspid ; Crowding ; Humans ; Tooth*

Nutrient supplements are often used by athletes as ergogenic aids. This study was done to investigate the use of nutrient supplements, nutritional knowledge and nutrient intakes of athletes. Subjects of this survey consisted of 195 national team athletes. The prevalence of nutrient supplement use among all subjects was 30.3%, and the frequency of use, by decreasing order, was weight lifting, taekwondo and badminton athletes. Sport drinks were the type of nutrition supplement used most frequently and vitamin C was the second one. Major reasons for nutrient supplement use were to improve training performance and to recover from fatigue, to supplement fluid and to control weight. The average score of nutritional knowledge was 19.9+/-2.5 for nutrient supplement users, and 19.8+/-3.6 for nutrient supplement nonusers. Intakes of protein, calcium and niacin of the user were higher than those of the nonuser. This information provided by this study can help sport nutritionists identify nutrient supplement most often consumed by national elite athletes and can aid counselors as they guide athletes towards more healthful nutrition practices.
Ascorbic Acid ; Athletes* ; Calcium ; Counseling ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Morinda ; Niacin ; Nutritionists ; Prevalence ; Racquet Sports ; Sports ; Weight Lifting

No abstract available.
Animals ; Coculture Techniques* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Mice*

Satisfactory surgical reconstruction of the external ear and nose is still a major challenge for the plastic surgeon. Therefore, the use of prosthesis in selected cases should be considered as viable alternative. During the period from December, 1995 to January, 1998, 10 patients, including 9 patients of ear defect and 1 patient of nose defect resulting from the resection of recurrent tumor ablation, were reconstructed by using osseointegration and prosthesis. The surgery was performed in two stages. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia and on an outpatient. At the first stage, the fixtures of titanium implant were placed in the mastoid process and maxilla. These implants were then left for 3 months before the second stage takes place, in which the skin penetrating abutments were attached. After 3-4 weeks, the impression of the defect area were taken and the silicone prosthesis was made by Anaplastologist. Two patients had focal infection but healed without problem. One patient had soft tissue infection, then flap was excised and skin graft performed. There was one loss from 20 fixtures, that was 3 years after implantation. We have concluded that osseointegration for reconstruction of the ear and nose defect is simple, soft, reliable method, which is more than autologous reconstruction and provides excellent aesthetic results.
Anesthesia, Local ; Ear ; Ear, External ; Focal Infection ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Maxilla ; Nose* ; Osseointegration* ; Outpatients ; Prostheses and Implants ; Silicones ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Titanium ; Transplants

The relationship between the post-tetanic count(PTC) and the response of tracheal intubation after vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was studied in 99 cases who were ASA 1 or 2 adult patients. All patients were premedicated with glycopyrrolate 0.2mg and hydroxizine 1 mg/kg IM 1 hour before induetion, and were inducted with pentothal sodium Smg/kg and O2- N2O(50%) enflurane(2%). The patients were randomly divided to two groups according to dose of vecuronium applied after inducion ; 0.08 mg/kg(n=54) group and 0.12 mg/kg(n=45) group. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored by stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist with single twitch using INNERVATOR(Fisher and Paykel Co.). Post tetanic count(PTC) was counted at different times, i.e., 0, 10, 20, 25, 30 and 35 seconds, 9 persons respectively at each time, after disappearance of single twitch. Tracheal intubation was performed immediately after counting of PTC. The response of tracheal intubation was appreciated based on vocal cord reflex, coughing or barking and patient movement. The time from administration of vecuronium to disappearance of single twitch was 167.8+/-23.4 seconds in 0.08mg/kg group and 163.7+/-51.1 seconds in 0.12mg/kg group and there was no statistical difference. After complete disappearance of single twitch, the PTC was zero at 35 seconds in 0.08 mg/kg group and at 25 seconds in 0. 12 mg/kg group. While the PTC was lowering, the lower intubation condition score should be expected, but the 0 of PTC did not coin-cided with the 0 of intubation condition score. However, the 0 of PTC did not always indicated that response to tracheal intubation could be disappear completely. Profound neuromuscular blockade did not reduce the hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation.
Adult ; Cough ; Glycopyrrolate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Reflex ; Sodium ; Thiopental ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide* ; Vocal Cords ; Wrist

Bicuspid ; Biopsy ; Dentistry ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Periapical Abscess ; Periapical Granuloma ; Radicular Cyst ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: To determine the relationship between superior disc-endplate complex injury and correction loss after surgery in a group of young adult patients with a stable thoracolumbar burst fracture. METHODS: The study group was comprised of young adult patients who had undergone short-segment posterior fixation and bone grafting under the diagnosis of a stable thoracolumbar burst fracture from March 2008 to February 2014. Follow-up was available for more than 1 year. Before surgery, magnetic resonance imaging was performed to determine injury to the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, and superior and inferior intervertebral discs and endplates. Correction loss was evaluated by the Cobb angle, intervertebral disc height, upper intervertebral disc angle, vertebral wedge angle, and vertebral body height. RESULTS: No significant relation was noted between correction loss and an injury to the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, inferior intervertebral disc/endplate, and fracture site, whereas an injury to the superior endplate alone and superior disc-endplate complex showed a significant association. Specifically, a superior intervertebral disc-endplate complex injury showed statistically significant relation to postoperative changes in Cobb angle (p = 0.026) and vertebral wedge angle (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: A superior intervertebral disc-endplate complex injury may have an influence on the prognosis after short-segment fixation in young adult patients with a stable thoracolumbar burst fracture.
Body Height ; Bone Transplantation ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Young Adult*

The facial patterns were expressed by the interrelation of variable factors such as heredity, function and environment. Such variable factors have an effect on the growth and development of maxillofacial bones. The malocclusions with skeletal discrepancies are caused by abnormal forms, sizes and positions of cranial base, maxilla and mandible. For the proper diagnosis and treatment planning, the analysis of such structures is necessary. Lateral cephalograms of 54 adults with class III malocclusion patients (test group) and 61 adults with normal occlusion (control group) were analyzed. Anteroposterior relations and sizes of cranial base, maxilla, mandible were estimated to compare with those of normal ones. In test group, the anterior cranial base length was within normal range, but posterior cranial base, maxilla and mandibular body were longer than those in control group, significantly. Based on the cranial base, the location of maxilla in test group was normal, but the location of mandible was more anterior than that in control. Based on the maxilla, the location of mandible was more anterior in test group than that in control. Both mandibular body and ramus anteroposterior lengths in test group were larger than those in control. Both mandibular plane angle and upper gonial angle were within normal range, but lower gonial angle was significantly high in test group.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Growth and Development ; Heredity ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible* ; Maxilla* ; Reference Values ; Skull Base*

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of trauma on the neurologic course in patients who have undergone surgery for cervical myelopathy. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The postsurgical outcomes were worse from trauma in patients who had a cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) or cervical canal stenosis, in comparison with patients who did not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 70 patients who had undergone surgery due to cervical myelopathy from January 2004 to December 2013 and had at least 1 year of follow-up. Depending on trauma history, the patients were divided into two groups, and their radiological (simple radiographic, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging) and clinical (Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] score, motor power of upper extremities) results were compared retrospectively. RESULTS: Among 70 patients in total, 18 patients were in the trauma group and 52 were in the non-trauma group, and all cases in the trauma group had a history of minor trauma (11 cases of drivers traffic accidents, 4 cases of slipping and falling, 2 cases of minor pedestrian accidents, and 1 case of falling). Radiologically narrower diameter of the spinal canal showed statistically significant difference between two groups (p=0.042). The JOA scores before and after surgery and the recovery rate did not have a clinically meaningful difference with trauma. However, the degree of motor improvement was significantly higher for the trauma group within 1 week after surgery (p=0.040). CONCLUSIONS: Minor trauma itself may adversely affect the patients' clinical courses.
Accidents, Traffic ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord Diseases*

Anatomical shape of the mandibular ramus, which includes the area from the rear of the mandibular second molar to the mandibular posterior border and from the mandibular sigmoid notch to the inferior mandibular border, must be carefully considered to perform orthognathic surgery. The locations of the lingula and mandibular foramen in medial side of mandibular ramus are one of the most important factors to decide the location of the horizontal medial osteotomy in sagittal split ramus osteotomy and to select the line of vertical osteotomy in intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Sixty-five different Korean human dry mandibles were surveyed. All mandible have permanent dentition including complete eruption of the mandibular second molar. The locations of the lingula and mandibular foramen in medial side of the ramus were identified and following results were obtained. Anterior ramal horizontal distance from lingula was 16.13+/-3.53mm(range:8.6~24.3mm), anterior ramal horizontal distance from mandibular foramen was 23.91+/-4.79mm(range: 14.1~39.7mm), horizontal width of mandibular foramen was 2.79+/-0.95mm(range: 1.5 ~6.1mm), height of lingula was 10.51+/-3.84mm(range: 3.1~22.4mm), vertical distance from sigmoid notch to lingula was 19.82+/-5.11mm(range: 9.1~35.3mm). From this study, the result could be used to select the location of osteotomy lines and to decide amount of periosteal elevation to avoid injury of neurovascular bundle, and to accomplish the appropriate split in Korean patients in mandibular orthognathic surgery.
Colon, Sigmoid ; Dentition, Permanent ; Humans ; Mandible ; Molar ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Osteotomy ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus