PURPOSE: Atopic dermatitis is affected by genetic and environmental factors. Bronchial asthma often develops in atopic dermatitis children. Allergen sensitization may affect the frequency of asthma in preschool atopic dermatitis children. So, we performed this study to know the relationship between allergen sensitization and the frequency of asthma in preschool atopic dermatitis children. METHODS: Three-hundred twelve of the children with atopic dermatitis in preschool aged children were divided into 3 groups; Allergens ; Asthma* ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Pyroglyphidae

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop a list of potentially inappropriate drugs for the elderly in Korea using the Delphi technique. METHODS: A Delphi evaluation with a two-round survey was used to reach a consensus on the criteria for inappropriate medications for the elderly in an outpatient setting. The expert panel consisted of 7 family medicine specialists, 3 psychiatrists, 1 neurologist and 3 clinical pharmacists. The level of inappropriateness was determined by considering clinical importance of the risk and availability of alternative therapy, and was rated on a scale of 1 (very low) to 4 (very high). The drugs were categorized into three groups. The first group (Group 1) was drugs that should be avoided. The second (Group 2) was for drugs that need to be monitored. And the third (Group 3) was for drugs with a low level of risk. RESULTS: We took a list of 60 ingredients for drugs and created a list of 57 potentially inappropriate ingredients for the elderly, independent of diagnosis. Forty-two drugs were classified as Group 1. 13 drugs were classified as Group 2. And 2 drugs were classified as Group 3. Ninety-three drugs were potentially inappropriate for the elderly with 29 diagnoses. Groups 1, 2, and 3 included 63, 28, and 3 drugs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study is an important development of a list of drugs potentially inappropriate for the elderly in Korea. The application of this list may be useful for identifying potentially inappropriate medication uses and decreasing drug-related problems.
Aged ; Consensus ; Drug Utilization Review ; Humans ; Korea ; Outpatients ; Pharmacists ; Prescriptions ; Psychiatry ; Specialization

Sphingosine kinase 1 and its product, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), as well as their receptors, have been implicated in inflammatory responses. The functions of receptors S1P₁ and S1P₂ on cell motility have been investigated. However, the function of S1P₃ has been poorly investigated. In this study, the roles of S1P₃ on inflammatory response were investigated in primary perito-neal macrophages. S1P₃ receptor was induced along with sphingosine kinase 1 by stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS treatment induced inflammatory genes, such iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. TY52156, an antagonist of S1P₃ suppressed the induction of inflammatory genes in a concentration dependent manner. Suppression of iNOS and COX-2 induction was further confirmed by western blotting and NO measurement. Suppression of IL-1β induction was also confirmed by western blotting and ELISA. Caspase 1, which is responsible for IL-1β production, was similarly induced by LPS and suppressed by TY52156. Therefore, we have shown S1P₃ induction in the inflammatory conditions and its pro-inflammatory roles. Targeting S1P₃ might be a strategy for regulating inflammatory diseases.
Blotting, Western ; Caspase 1 ; Cell Movement ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; Macrophages ; Phosphotransferases ; Sphingosine

No abstract available.
Etoposide* ; Fluorouracil* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

BACKGREOUND: The magnitude of neuromuscular blockade is related to plasma concentration of muscle relaxants. This study was designed to compare the maximal depression of twitch height by blood flow occlusion using a tourniquet at various time interval after intravenous administration of muscle relaxants. METHOD: We studied 127 healthy male adult patients who underwent elective surgery under the general anesthesia with propofol infusion and 50% nitrous oxide. The single supramaximal twitch stimulation applied to the ulnar nerve at the wrist at 1 Hz. The twitch response of adductor pollicis muscles were measured by a 2 kg Load Cell strain gauge with a thumb piece modification and recorded by a Gould TA 240 recorder. After occlusion of blood flow by the tourniquet in the upper arm, in which the neuromuscular monitoring was applied on the wrist, we administered the equipotent dose (ED95) of succinylcholine (S group), mivacurium (M group), and vecuronium (V group) intravenously on the contralateral arm respectively. We measured the maximal depression (%) of twitch height after the releasing tourniquet at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 240 second intervals after the injection of each drug. RESULTS: The depression of twitch height was not found from 90 seconds of tourniquet time in the M group, and 120 seconds of tourniquet time in the S group. However, in the V group, the depression of twitch height was maintained to 240 seconds of tourniquet time. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the plasma concentration of mivacurium declined faster than that of succinylcholine, and that of vecuronium decreased slowest among the groups after intravenous administration of equipotent dose (ED95).
Administration, Intravenous ; Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Arm ; Depression ; Forearm* ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Neuromuscular Agents* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Monitoring ; Nitrous Oxide ; Plasma ; Propofol ; Succinylcholine* ; Thumb ; Tourniquets ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide* ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Fluorouracil* ; Leucovorin*

BACKGROUND: Cellulite is a 'cottage cheese-like' cutaneous change caused by subcutaneous fat bulging into the dermis that usually leads to cosmetic problems. Slimming cream containing 3.5% water-soluble caffeine and xanthenes exhibits a lipolytic effect with penetration into the dermis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of slimming cream for the treatment of cellulite. METHODS: Fifteen subjects with cellulite applied slimming cream to the thighs and inner side of the upper arms twice daily for 6 weeks. Efficacy was assessed using a standard visual scale, changes in the circumferences of the thighs and upper arms, and patient satisfaction by a questionnaire at baseline, week 3, and week 6. Safety was assessed by inquiring about adverse events through questionnaires. RESULTS: The standard visual scale score improved significantly by 0.49 points (19.8%) at week 6. Thigh and upper-arm circumferences decreased by 0.7 cm (1.7%) and 0.8 cm (2.3%), respectively, at week 6. Slight itching and transient flushing were commonly reported, but no serious adverse event occurred. CONCLUSION: The slimming cream tested appears to be effective for the treatment of cellulitis without serious adverse effects. However, additional large clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of slimming cream for the treatment of cellulitis.
Arm ; Caffeine* ; Cellulitis ; Dermis ; Flushing ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pruritus ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Thigh ; Xanthenes* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Etoposide* ; Prospective Studies*