PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relationship between personality type, college admission SAT scores and GPA scores of student nurses. METHOD: The data was collected from 270 student nurses enrolled in a baccaleaureate program in Seoul. MBTI was used to identify students' personality and SAT score and GPA score were collected over 4 years. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS Win. package. RESULT: 1. There were slightly more extrovert (E) type (54.4%) students than the introvert (I) type; more sensing (S) type (71.1%) than the intuitive (N) type. 2. The introvert type students had significantly higher SAT scores than those of the extrovert type (p=.002). 3. The judging type students had significantly higher GPA scores throughout their college years than the perceiving type. 4. There was no statistically significant relationship between SAT and GPA scores. SAT scores did not accurately predict students' academic achievement in college in this sample. CONCLUSION: The distribution of the personality types in the sample was different from the general population which may suggest that college admission criteria is biased toward certain personality type. Since different personality types process information and cope with the outside world differently, effective teaching strategies need to be considered for each class.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Collagen Type IV* ; Female ; Laminin*

PURPOSE: This descriptive study is aimed at understanding how clinical nurses' terminal care attitude and spiritual health affect their terminal care stress. METHODS: Data were collected from self-reported questionnaire filled by 238 nurses at a general hospital in G Metropolitan City. RESULTS: The study showed that nurses' attitudes toward terminal care, spiritual health, marital status, and clinical experience largely affect their terminal care stress. In particular, the higher they scored on terminal care attitudes, the lower they scored on terminal care stress. These variables accounted for 52.3% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: The study shows terminal care attitude is an important factor for terminal care stress perceived by clinical nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an educational intervention program to improve nurses' terminal care attitudes and spiritual health, which in turn would lower their terminal care stress or help them effectively cope with it.
Hospitals, General ; Marital Status ; Spirituality ; Stress, Psychological ; Terminal Care* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a relatively common glomerular disease which is known to be the final pathway of glomerular injuries caused by variable etiologies. There are some renal diseases that are known to have a tendency of familial inheritance such as adult polycystic kidney disease, thin glomerular basement membrane disease, and Alport's syndrome, nephrotic syndrome with many other diseases. Fanconi et al. described the familial occurrence of the nephrotic syndrome first. Since then, a number of other reports have described the cases of nephrotic syndrome within families, though only a handful of families were confirmed as FSGS with histologic evidence. Recently, reports of familial occurrence of FSGS are increasing in number. These patients have been found to be steroid-resistant and unresponsive to immunosuppressive drugs, and most of them progressed to the end stage renal disease. The specific factors leading to glomerular change are not clearly known, but a genetic predisposition has been postulated. A number of reports pointed out the importance of HLA type as a genetic factor related to the pathogenesis of FSGS but the genetic and immunological linkages in FSGS have not been clearly defined yet. We report cases with 4 patients in two unrelated families with HLA-A24 recovered from FSGS after kidney transplantation.
Child* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Glomerular Basement Membrane ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental* ; Hand ; HLA-A24 Antigen* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; Wills

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure meaning in life for a normal adult and to offer basic data for developing nursing strategies for improving the meaning in life of adults. METHOD: There were 351 subjects, from 20 to 60 years old, staying in Busan and KyungNam Province. The data was collected from August to October 2000. The instrument was designed by researchers. The data were analyzed with frequency, mean(+/-SD), t test and ANOVA. RESULT: 1. The mean MIL for adult was 187.7(+/-18.1). 2. The mean MIL of basic premise phase for discovery of meaning was 30.5, method phase for discovery of meaning was 111.1, and result phase for discovery of meaning was 46.4. 3. The levels of MIL, 56.4% of the subjects were in pursuit of meaning in life, 23.3% felt a loss of meaning in life. 4. There were significant differences in MIL according to the level of education(P=0.00), marital status(P=0.01) and monthly income (P=0.00). CONCLUSION: On the viewpoint of the above results, 23.3% of the subjects were in a level of existential vaccum which required keens Logotherapy. Therefore, it shows that developing nursing-logotherapy to improve the meaning in life for adults is demanded.
Adult* ; Busan ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nursing ; Psychotherapy

The purposes of this study were to understand the sex role identity and the meaning in life(MIL) of matriarchs and analyze their relationships to offer basic data for effective nursing strategies for improving MIL. The data for this study was collected from the 10th of August to the 30th of November, 2000. The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs which is held in the Working Women's Center in Busan. The measurement tools of this study were MIL(unpublished)developed by researchers and sex role inventory designed by Kim Deuk Ran(1992). The results of this study were as follows: 1.Sex role identities of matriarchs were feminity 13.7%, masculinity 13.4%, androgyny 37.8% and undifferentiated 35.1%. 2. The mean MIL for matriarchs was 173.46+/-16.09. 3. The levels of MIL were 57.2% of the subjects felt a loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, 42.8% were in pursuit of meaning but had not discovered it completely and 6.0% felt they had established meaning in life. 4.There were significant differences in MIL levels, concurrent to 4 types of sex role identities(F=11.93, P=.000). And according to Scheffe's post test, between feminity and masculinity, feminity and androgyny, masculinity and the undifferentiated, androgyny and the undifferentiated, there were significant differences. From the results of this study, most matriarchs felt loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, and the group with masculine sex role identity had the highest level of MIL. In conclusion, the factors related to masculine sex role identity are necessary to develop nursing strategies for improving levels of MIL.
Busan ; Education ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Masculinity ; Nursing ; Vacuum

PURPOSE: This study is used to investigate and understand types of meaning in life of matriarch. Methods: This study is based on a Q-methodological approach. Thirty nine statements concerning meaning in life were selected. Twenty seven women were chosen as a subject group for this study. Their opinions were shown in 39 statements divided into 9 scales by forced distribution. Results: TypeIwas named "self-transcendental and future- oriented types". In this types a one pursued attitudinal value by religion. Type II was named "Realistic and responsibility fulfilling types". This type pursued creative and experiential value. Type III was named "Encounter and relationship oriented type". This types pursued experiential value. Type IV was named "Realistic self-actualizing type". This types pursued creative value. Type V was named "Altruistic and commitmental types". This type pursued creative, experiential, and attitudinal value. CONCLUSION: Considering the structure of finding the meaning in life of matriarchs, all types had responsibility and self-control in their lives and lived for present however, only typeI lived for the future. It seem necessary to understand each matriarchs meaning in life and nursing needs to develop appropriate nursing interventions based on the type matriarch she is.
Female ; Humans ; Nursing ; Weights and Measures

Renal transplantation is now a well established mode of optimal therapy for children with end-stage renal disease. A total of 119 pediatric renal transplantations were performed during last 20 years but 6 cases (early 3 cases treated with azathioprine and most recent 3 cases) were excluded for this study. A total of 113 pediatric renal transplants out of total 1,906 kidney transplantation recipients receiving cyclosporine A and low dose prednisone as the main immunosuppressive agent were the subjects of this study to find out the risk factors which might influence the pediatric renal allograft survival in a single center. When the potential donor was living related, at least the HLA 1-haplotype matched relative was selected, but, when unrelated, at least DR-1/2 or A+B 2/4 matching was required for selection. Living related donation from parent, brothers, sisters (n=82), and unrelated donation (n=31) through the swap program or from fully motivated healthy volunteers were the major source of kidney for allograft. The mean age of the recipient was 14.1 years ranging from ages 2.1 to 19.9. During a mean follow-up of 68.1 months, there were 21 cases of graft loss, and 3 recipient deaths. The major causes of graft loss were acute and/or chronic rejection, poor compliance and patients death. The 1-, 3- and 5-year graft survival were 94.6%, 88.9% and 79.2% respectively. There was no significant difference between children and adult in graft survival rate. No significant graft survival difference between the related and unrelated donors (73.3 vs 77.2% at 5-year, p>0.05) was found. The significant risk factors for the outcome were the ABO compatibility (p=0.0001) and development of more than 1 episode of acute rejection within 6 month (p=0.01) and 1 year (p=0.0016). Graft survival decreased with increasing number of rejection episode within 6 month (p=0.009) and 1 year (p=0.002). Other factors such as recipients age, original kidney diseases, type and duration of dialysis before transplantation, combined native kidney removals did not influence the outcome of graft. And because of presence of only 2 cadaveric donor in this analysis, we could not demonstrate any benefit of living donor transplantation. In conclusion, pediatric renal transplantation in at least older children (>5 years) is encouraging. The outcome of pre- emptive renal transplantation is also promising. More aggressive ABO matching and effort for reducing the rejection episode within 6 months and 1 year might be important factors for the successful outcome of pediatric renal transplantation. So development and application of more effective immunosuppressive agents such as mycophenolate mofetil or rapamycin to reduce the rejection episodes is to be needed in near future.
Adult ; Allografts* ; Azathioprine ; Cadaver ; Child ; Compliance ; Cyclosporine* ; Dialysis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Survival ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Parents ; Prednisone ; Risk Factors* ; Siblings ; Sirolimus ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Unrelated Donors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop elderly meaning in life scale with high validity and reliability. METHOD: The process of development of this scale were as follows. A conceptual framework composed of 4 phases of meaning in life of elderly was identified based on the literature review and interviews with elderlies and discussion with experts in meaning in life. Total 62 items, 4-points scale were developed. Through reliability testing, factor analysis, 40 preliminary items were selected. By means of internal consistency of 40 items, 2 items whose inner-items correlation coefficient was below .30 were deleted. Through factor analysis 1 item whose factor loading was below .30 was deleted. Finally 37 items were remained. To verify 37 items, factor analysis, reliability testing, LISEREL were done. Data were collected from 320 elderly subjects in Busan-KyungNam and Jeonla Province from May to June in 2002.. SPSS WIN. 10.0 Program was used. RESULT: The result of factor analysis of 37 items, 8 factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as 'self- awareness and self-acceptance', 'contentedness with life', 'purpose in life', 'love in family', 'role awareness', 'futuristic aspiration', 'commitment', and 'experience of love'. These factors included 4 phases of the meaning in life. Cronbach's Alpha of 37 items was .908 and correlation coefficient of PIL was .75. CONCLUSION: The researchers recommend the follows : The explorative study on the variables related to meaning in life are needed for criterion validity of this scale. The studies on meaning in life of different age groups, subjects are needed for reverification.

No abstract available.
Female ; Indomethacin* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Ritodrine*