No abstract available.
Pancreatic Diseases*

It is generally accepted that in acute pancreatitis, the enzymes normally excreted by the pancreas are released from the disrupted parenchyma into the extraductal space and taken up by way of the lymphatics and capillaries. The enzymes in the blood stream may appear in high concentration in the serum. Therefore, serum amylase and lipase determinations has long been a mainstay in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and other pancreatic diseases. However, many investigators have claimed that the urinary output of amylase may be elevated more consistently in acute pancreatitis than in the serum concentration of either amylase or lipase, and urinary amylase measurement is a more sensitive reflection of the presence of pancreatitis and of its clinical course than is the measurement of serum amylase or lipase. Clinically, one of the ominous signs which may develop during the early course of acute pancreatitis is severe hypotension. But, no agreement has been reached among investigators as to the cause of the hypotension, although several investigators have implicated a blood volume deficiency resulting form inflammatory process, and hypercalcemia. Perhaps, the majority have attributed the hypotension to systemic effect of some of the pancreatic enzymes, especially trypsin. Nevertheless, the correction of these factors sometimes fail to restore a normal blood pressure clinically. The purpose of the present investigation was to observe the relationships between serum concentration and urinary output of pancreatic enzymes, and to determine the degree of hypotension resulting from the systemic administration of pancreatic enzymes. These experimental procedures, consisted of heteroinfusion of human pancreatic juice and homoinfusion of canine pancreatic emulsion intravenously, and pancreatic ductal ligation in dogs. Blood and urine samples for the enzyme analysis were collected serially thorough the femoral vein and ureteral catheter before and after the procedure. Blood pressure was measured consistently by the kymograph before and after infusion of pancreatic juice. Activities of amylase and lipase were determined by methods of Nelson and, Cherry and Crandall, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Following intravenous infusions of pancreatic juice exogenously. serum and urine concentrations of amylase and lipase increased rapidly, but these enzymes decreased rapidly in urinary excretion and gradually in serum concentration. Urinary recovery of amylase was approximately 10% of the total infused amount of pancreatic juice at the end of 4 hours. 2. Following ligation of the pancreatic duct, the amylase and lipase levels of serum rose gradually and reached the maximum at 24-48 hours after ligation and then gradually fell. The output of these enzymes in the urine were relatively constant while serum enzymes were increased. 3. When the human pancreatic juice was infused, hypotension was pronounced, and it was deeper and more prolonged in hypotensive effect with infusion of highly concentrated juice in the enzyme activities. With human pancreatic juice, a more sustained hypotension occurred than was observed after infusion of canine pancreatic emulsion. As a result of this investigation, it is felt that the hypotension in acute pancreatitis is probably the result of pancreatic enzymes itself. 4. In postinfusion period, the urine volume was markedly decreased following hypotension, and the urine volume was increased following blood pressure to normal level. This suggests that urine volume may diminish resulting from transient acute renal failure due to hypotensive effect by pancreatic enzymes.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Amylases ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Capillaries ; Diagnosis ; Dogs* ; Femoral Vein ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypotension ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Ligation ; Lipase ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatic Juice ; Pancreatitis ; Prunus ; Research Personnel ; Rivers ; Trypsin ; Urinary Catheters

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis

PURPOSE: The study is to identify a correlation among hospital nurses' emotional labor, social support and organizational commitment and to analyze the effects on organizational commitment. METHODS: The participants are 300 nurses working at two general hospitals located in Gyeonggi-do, who agreed to join the study. Data collection were done from July to September in 2014. The collected data are analyzed a descriptive statistic, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression and SPSS/WIN 15.0 Program was used in the process. RESULTS: Organizational commitment was negatively correlated with emotional works but it was positively correlated with social support. The factors affecting organizational commitment were informational support and evaluative support which were sub-domain of social support as well as level of emotional expression which was a sub-domain of emotional works, their positions and level of education. CONCLUSION: To increase the level of an organizational commitment, a method of coping in difficult situations and information relating to private assessments is recommended. Also, the organization should prepare a plan that members can properly manage their emotions face-to-face with clients.
Data Collection ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General

Intravenous administration of high dose of fentanyl is gaining wide popularity as the sole anesthetic agent for patients undergoing cardiac surgery because of its favorable characteristics such as, simplicity, stable hemodynamics and supression or modification of stress response to surgery. But some investigators reported the necessity of supplementary anesthetic agent in addition to fentanyl to maintain hemodynamic stability during the surgical procedure. Therefore, we measured the heart rate(HR), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), mean arterial pressure(MAP), and rate pressure product(RPP) at induction, tracheal intubation, skin incision, and sternotomy time to evaluate the cardiovascular responses to surgical procedure under fentanyl-O2 anesthesia on 12 patients with acquired valvular heart disease. The patients were anesthetized with a loading dose (30ug/kg fentanyl for induction and 1.5ug/ kg/min until sternotomy) followed by continuous infusion of fentanyl (0.3pg/kg/min until the end of cardiopulmonary bypass.) The patients required total doses of 108+/-4.6ug/kg fentanyl for the entire operation. These measurements were compared with control data (before induction). The results were as followings: 1) During induction (infusion of fentanyl 30ug/kg), HR, SBF, DBP, MAP, and RPP revealed no significant change compared with control data. 2) During intubation and skin incision, HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, and RPP slightly increased but were not statistically significant (p>0.05) 3) During sternotomy, SBP increased from 119.8+/-16.36 torr to 136.5+/-15.22 torr, DBP increased from 79.1+/-12.76 torr to 95.4+/-10.87 torr, MAP increased from 99.4+/-13.96 torr to 115.5+/-12.70 torr, and RPP increased from 10929+/-2206 torr.beats/min to 13889+/-2865 torr. beats/min (p<0.05). HR increased from 90.7+/-8.71 beats/min to 100.2+/-13.79 beats/min, but was not statistically significant(p> 0.05). 4) One of the patients had recall of the sternotomy and spreading of the chest with the sternal retractor. These data demonstrate that anesthetic doses of fentanyl and O produce minimal change in cardiovascular dynamics during the surgical procedures except sternotomy time. Our findings suggest that fentanyl-O2 anesthesia may be an attractive anesthetic technique in patients with valvular heart disease undergoing valve replacement operations but, will be needed considerations about infusion method, dosage of fentanyl and use of supplementary anesthetic agent according to patients conditions.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Fentanyl* ; Heart ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intubation ; Methods ; Research Personnel ; Skin ; Sternotomy ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thorax

This experiment was performed the effect of the glycoconjugates of the skin in the Sprague-Dawley male rats exposed to SO2 for 1, 3 and 6 hours with various concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm). To investigate the change of glycoconjugates of skin, seven biotinylated lectins (DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL-1, sWGA, UEA-1, Con A) were applied with ABC method. The epidermis of experiment rats was more or less different according to the concentration of SO2, comparing control group, and beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, alpha-L-fucose, alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose of the epidermis tend to be increased according to exposed SO2 time, but alpha-D-galactose was tend to be decreased. Galactose-beta-1, 3-Nacetyl- D-galactosamine was tend to more or less increase in horny layer of the epidermis, but decrease in granular and spinous layers. As contrasted control group, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the dermis of experiment rats was decreased, but alpha- D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased. In the hair follicle of the experiment rats, beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and galactose-beta-1, 3-N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine tend to be decreased according to exposed SO2 time though more or less differ from the portions of the hair follicle, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and alpha-L-fucose were found noticeably to increase comaring control group. According to exposed SO2 time, the decrease of alpha-D-galactose tend to be little more pronounced in the outer root sheath of the upper portion of hair follicle. In contrast, the same sheath of the upper portion in above follicle was increased relatively. alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased in the root sheath of hair follicle and hair cortex, but decreased in the hair medulla. In the experiment rats, the beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine tend to be decreased gradually according to exposed SO2 time, but the decrease of galactose-beta-1, 3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine were showed significantly as contrasted control group. beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased gradually according to exposed SO2 time, but alpha-L-fucose was increased remarkably. The effect on lectin binding pattern of the glycoconjugates in the rat skin according to the concentrations and exposed time of SO2 was noted that the alternations of lectin binding pattern tend to be a little more pronounced in low concentration of exposed SO2 for a long time than in high concentration of exposed SO2 for a short time. The alternations of lectin binding pattern were appeared almost similar in concentrations of 50 ppm SO2 and above.
Animals ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Glycoconjugates* ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Lectins ; Male ; Mannose ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin* ; Sulfur Dioxide* ; Sulfur*

To our knowledge, MR findings of neuroshistosomiasis has not been reported in Korea. A case of neuroshistosomiasis involving cerebellum and presumably spinal cord is reported. A 40 year old man who had lived in Middle East complained of low back pain and progressive paraparesis for 6 months, and subsequently developed headache, dizziness and diplopia. On cervical spine MRI, there was diffuse enlargement of cervical cord with increased signal intensity on T2 weighted image and nodular heterogenous enhancement after Gd-DTP^ administration. Brain MR imaging obtained 4 months later showed ill-defined, irregularly enhancing heterogenous mass in cerebellar vermis which was proved to be a granulomatous lesion containing shistosomiasis mansoni ova.
Adult ; Brain ; Cerebellum ; Diplopia ; Dizziness ; Granuloma* ; Headache ; Humans ; Korea ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Middle East ; Myelitis, Transverse* ; Neuroschistosomiasis* ; Ovum ; Paraparesis ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Glucuronidase* ; Lipase* ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Artery*

No abstract available.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism*