OBJECTIVEs: Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 770 women with primary (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210) to determine the frequency of chromosomal or genetic causes of amenorrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 770 women with primary amenorrhea (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210), chromosomal analysis were performed. RESULTS: 1) The most prevalent age group is 16-20 years of age group with primary amenorrhea and 26-30 years of age group with secondary amenorrhea. 2) Out of 560 cases of primary amenorrhea, 343 cases (61.3%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 217 cases (38.7%) had the abnormal chromosome constitution including 46,XY. 3) In 217 cases of abnormal chromosome of primary amenorrhea, 57 cases (26.3%) had 45,X and 34 cases (15.8%) had the 46,XY, 24 cases (11.0%) had 45,X/46,X,i (Xq), 23 cases (10.6%) had 45,X/46,X,+mar and 14 cases (6.6%) had 45,X/46,XY. 4) Out of 210 cases of secondary amenorrhea, 181 cases (86.2%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 29 cases (13.8%) had 45,X/46,XX. CONCLUSION: High percentage of chromosomal abnormalities was diagnosed in primary amenorrhea and most of them were sex chromosome anomalies. In secondary amenorrhea, the prevalence was lower than primary amenorrhea, so a preselection of patients with secondary amenorrhea for cytogenetic investigations seems to be necessary.
Amenorrhea* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Cytogenetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Sex Chromosomes

No abstract available.
Plasminogen Activators* ; Plasminogen* ; Pulmonary Embolism*

BACKGROUND: To assess the clinical utility of new DNA extraction method, the authors attempted PCR using mycobacterial DNA extracted by Chelex 100 ion exchange resin method for 63 clinical samples in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and compared with proteinase K method, simultaneously. METHODS: We used Chelex 100 ion exchange resin for preparation of DNA. Decontaminated sputums were mixed with resin and incubated at 56degrees C and 100degrees C without opening tube. After centrifugation, supernatants were used directly as template for PCR. 245 bps in primary PCR and 188 bps in nested PCR were amplified and analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis EtBr staining. RESULTS: Chelex 100 ion exchange resin method is more simple, rapid and reliable than proteinase K method, and during sample preparation, carry-over contamination loss of amplificated DNA, influence of organic solvents and cross-contamination are diminished. The results of PCR products are interpreted more distinctively in Chelex 100 ion exchange resin method than proteinase K method. CONCLUSIONS: In the basis of the results, it could be suggested that extraction of mycobacterial DNA by Chelex 100 ion exchange resin is more simple, rapid reliable method than that of conventional method for detection of mycobacterial DNA in patients with tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction.
Centrifugation ; Diagnosis* ; DNA* ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Endopeptidase K ; Humans ; Ion Exchange ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Solvents ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Although the ultrasonography has been regarded as a main procedure in the diagnosis of gallbladder diseases, no many papers concerning the ultrasonographic findings of gallbladder empyema appeared in the literature. Twenty-four cases of surgically proven gallbladder empyema were studied by ultrasonography in our hospital during last 15 months. The results were as follows; 1. The size of gallbladder was enlarged in 18 cases. 2. The thicknessof gallbladder wall was more than 3mm in 16 cases. 3. The echogenicity of gallbladder wall was diminished in all cases. the inner margin of gallblaldder wall was also ill-defined in all cases. These findings are considered to be important in the diagnosis of gallbladder empyema. 4. The internal echogenicity of gallbladder (diffuse or localized) was positive in 16 cases and negative in the remainders. The echo genility was thought to beproportional to the amount of pus in gallbladder. 5. The 7 cases presented periocholecystic sonolucent area hadperforation of gallbladder and pericholecystic abscess. 6. Gallstone was found in 17 cases.
Abscess ; Cholecystitis ; Diagnosis ; Gallbladder Diseases ; Gallbladder ; Gallstones ; Suppuration ; Ultrasonography

Osteochondritis dissecans occurs most commonly in knee joint and often in elbow, ankle, shoulder, hip than in other joint. In osteochondiritis dissecans, an area of subchondral bone undergoes avascular necrosis and degenerative change ususlly occurs in cartilage overlying it. During the course of disease, unless interrupted by treatment or spontaneous healing, the necrotic bone and cartilage seperates from adjacent bone and cartilage and together becomes loose body. To promote healing, the proper treatment is necessary before degenerative change developes. The authors reviewed 11 cases of osteochondritis dissecans which recieved treatment at Severance hospital from January 1972 to December 1981. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The incidence of osteochondritis dissecans in male was a little more frequent than that of female and 50% were observed in the age of 16 to 30 years. 2. The most common symptom and sign was pain and limitation of motion, instability senastion, tenderness, snapping sound in order of frequency. 3. The most common area involved was the knee in 9 cases, 5 cases involved the medial femoral condyle, 4 cases involved the lateral femoral condyle. The ankle and elbow was 1 case for each. 4. Eight(72.7%) of 11 cases had history of trauma. 5. Among 9 cases of knee inlovement, 5 (55.6%) cases were associated with rupture of meniscus. 6. The methods of treatment were as follows. Conservative..................................................................1 Operative Curettage and drilling........................................................6 Excision......................................................................3 Curettage and bone graft.......................................................1 Internal fixation..............................................................1 7. Conservative treatment was performed in one case, but failed. So, all 11 cases recieved operative treatment and obtained satisfactory results in 72.8%.
Ankle ; Cartilage ; Curettage ; Elbow ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Necrosis ; Osteochondritis Dissecans ; Osteochondritis ; Rupture ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Catheterization, Central Venous* ; Central Venous Catheters*

Because of the long intracranial course, the 6th nerve is vulnerable to increased intracranial pressure, trauma to the cranial floor, meningeal edema, inflammation in the base of the skull, and any displacement of the brain stem. The authors had experienced a case of abducens nerve palsy resulting non-concomittent esotropia and lateral gaze palsy due to brain trauma by traffic accident. We had performed modified Jensen procedure that had good result. That procedure is presented to aid in preserving the anterior segment blood supply. The anterior ciliary artery in the lateral rectus is not included in the union. The case report is reviewed with the pertinent literature.
Abducens Nerve Diseases* ; Accidents, Traffic ; Brain Injuries ; Brain Stem ; Ciliary Arteries ; Edema ; Esotropia ; Inflammation ; Intracranial Pressure ; Paralysis ; Skull

No abstract available.
Hepatitis* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets*

No abstract available.
Colostomy*