BACKGROUND: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are less well-defined aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We designed this study to explore the followings: 1) the clinical profiles of BPSD 2) the clustered-groups domains of the Korean-Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI) assessment of BPSD 3) the clinical characteristics of the clustered-groups of BPSD in patients with drug-naive probable AD. METHODS: Descriptive and cluster analyses of the 12 K-NPI domains were done in 220 patients with drug-naive probable AD. After clustering these domains, characteristics of these positive symptoms clustered-group of patients were compared with the negative symptoms groups of patients. RESULTS: The mean Korean-Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, and K-NPI scores were 15.0, 1.6, and 14.2, respectively. The CDR and K-MMSE scores correlated with total K-NPI scores, and depression was the most common symptom. According to cluster analysis, five major clusters were identified. Using the associated neuropsychological dysfunctions, characteristics of each group were defined. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the clustered-domains for K-NPI, and suggested the possible anatomical substrates for these groups in drug-naive AD patients. These attempts may clarify the complex and bizarre behavioral and psychological symptoms as more neurologically relevant symptoms.
Alzheimer Disease ; Cluster Analysis ; Dementia ; Deoxycytidine ; Depression ; Humans

Secondary involvement of the eye and orbit occurs in about two to four percent of the patients with generalized lymphomatosis and/or other forms of lymphomatous tumors. Of the extranodal primary lesions which are more rare manifestation of the malignant lymphoma, only one percent occur in the eye and orbit. The malignant lymphoma of the orbit is consequently a relatively uncommon condition. The authors experienced a case of the malignantly mphoma of the orbital margin and treated by local radiation therapy with Co60, and the lesions regressed rapidly and completely disappeared. There has been no sign of recurrence at the orbital region, but we found that the malignant lymphomatous lesions involved in the pancreas and omentum by the surgical laparotomy. The patient died of poor course of the disease about 20 days after discharge.
Humans ; Laparotomy ; Lymphoma* ; Omentum ; Orbit* ; Pancreas ; Recurrence

Intrathoracic stomach due to hiatal hernia is a very rare finding. We report here on such an asymptomatic case, and this malady was diagnosed by chest radiographs and CT.
Hernia, Hiatal* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Stomach* ; Thorax*

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the effectiveness of immunochemotherapy and radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with primary bone lymphoma (PBL). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 33 patients with PBL who were treated at 6 medical centers in Korea from 1992 to 2010. Clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: The median age of the patients participating in our study was 40 years. The most common sites of involvement were the pelvis (12.36%) and femur (11.33%). CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) or CHOP-like regimens were administered to 20 patients (61%), and R-CHOP (rituximab plus CHOP) was administered to the remaining 13 patients (39%). The overall response rate was 89% (complete response, 76%; partial response, 12%). The overall survival (OS) of patients with solitary bone lesions was longer than that of patients with multiple bone lesions (median OS: not reached vs. 166 months, respectively; P=0.089). Addition of rituximab to CHOP did not significantly affect either OS or progression-free survival (P=0.53 and P=0.23, respectively). Combining radiation therapy with chemotherapy also did not improve the OS or progression-free survival of patients with solitary bone lesions. CONCLUSION: Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy remains an effective treatment option for patients with PBL. Additional benefits of supplementing chemotherapy with either rituximab or radiation therapy were not observed in this study. Further investigation is needed to characterize the role of immunochemotherapy in treating patients with PBL.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Disease-Free Survival ; Doxorubicin ; Femur ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphoma ; Medical Records ; Pelvis ; Retrospective Studies ; Vincristine ; Rituximab