Thizide diuretics which are widely used nowadays, are considered to be drugs of first choice of antihypertensive agents, due to their slow and useful diuretic effects in hypertensive patients. But their adverse effects have been noted as hypokalemia and hyperuricemia. A newly developed non-thiazide diuretic agent, Sulfamoyl benzamide has been known as slow effective and safe diuretics as thiazides through several previous studies. And all the studies showed no serious hypokalemia or hyperuricemia. Authors administrated Sulfamoyl benzamide to 20 patients of essential hypertension for 4 weeks, who visited the Department of Internal Medicine of han Yang University Hospital from Nov.82' to May 83', and observed its hypotensive effect and its adverse effect as follows. 1) Before Sufamoyl benzamide administeration, mean arterial systolic pressure and mean arterial diastolic pressure of 20 patients of essential hypertension were 165.5+/-7.23 mmHg and 99.8+/-4.93 mmHg, respectively. The Mean Arterial Pressure(MAP) was 121.7+/-4.48 mmHg. After 4 weeks of treatment, the mean arterial systolic pressure, mean arterial diastolic pressure, and MAP were decreased to 148.3+/-10.64 mmHg(p<0.01), 94.3+/-6.40 mmHg(p<0.01), and 112.1+/-6.66 mmHg(p<0.01), respectively. 2) After 4 weeks of treatment, the hypotensive effect on each of 20 hypotensive patients was evaluated using our arbitrary scoring system which is decided by the degree of reduction of arterial systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. In all patients, useful hypotensive effect was noted. Out of 20 patients, 11 patients(55%) were 'Mild effective', 6 patients(30%) were 'Moderate effective', and 3 patients(15%) were 'Mild effective'. By MAP, the meaningful hypotensive effect was observed in 12 patients(60%), and there were a 'Mild effect' in 6 of 12 patients, a 'Moderate effect' in 4 of 12 patients, and a 'Marked effect' in 2 of 12 patients. 3) There was no adverse side effect except mild dizziness in only 1 patient, which was improved spontaneously after reduction of dosage of Sulfamoyl benzamide from 30 mg to 15mg whitout any specific treatment.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Blood Pressure ; Diuretics* ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hyperuricemia ; Hypokalemia ; Internal Medicine ; Thiazides

No abstract available.
Arthroscopy* ; Bupivacaine* ; Injections, Intra-Articular* ; Knee*

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of gallamine triethiodide on the intraocular pressure during general anesthesia for intraocular surgery. Twenty patients in the American Society of Anesthesiologists, physical status l and ll, ages from 15 to 65 yeart with no eye or kidney diseases were studied during anesthesia for elective surgery. All were premedicated with 50mg of meperideine and 0.4mg of atropine. Before induction intraocular pressure was measured under topical anesthesia with 0.5% tetracaine in the eye control value determined. Anesthesia was induced with 5mg/kg of 2.5% thiopental and 1mg/kg of succinylcholine. The intraocular pressure was measured after endotracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with 2mg/kg of meperidine, nitrous oxide and oxygen. On the return of spontaneous respiration following succinylcholine, 2mg/kg of gallamine triethlodide was administered. Subsequent measurements were made 10 and 20 minutes after gallamine triethiodide administration, respectively. The results were as follows: 1) Succinylcholine caused a significant rise in intrascocular pressure. 2) Gallamine triethiodide caused a slight decrease in intraocular pressure 10 and 20 minutes after administration.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Atropine ; Gallamine Triethiodide* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Kidney Diseases ; Meperidine ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Respiration ; Succinylcholine ; Tetracaine ; Thiopental

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the current attitudes and knowledge toward Koryo Hand Therapy(KHT) by the experienced people. METHOD: The Subjects for this study included 3,351 people living in Korea who experienced KHT. The data were collected from April 6 to November 25, 2004 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed through the SAS 8.1 Windows Program using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results of the study are as follows: 1) Families and relatives were a main source of information about Koryo Hand Therapy. The subjects were very satisfied with therapeutic and preventive effects of the therapy. Sujichim was the most preferable choice in the KHT. Most of the subjects thought that KHT could be applied to modern medicine. 2) Those who experienced KHT had a high level of knowledge and very positive attitudes toward KHT. 3) There were statistically significant differences in the attitude toward KHT according to age, gender, educational level, religion, income, place of residence, marital status and experience which studied KHT. 4) There were significant differences in the knowledge of KHT according to age, educational level, income, marital status and experience which studied KHT. 5) The data showed positive correlation between attitude and knowledge. CONCLUSION: According to the above findings, it can be concluded that KHT needs to be actively informed and more easily approached by general peoples. Nursing protocols of KHT needed to be developed.
Hand* ; History, Modern 1601- ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Nursing Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to investigate the diagnosis-related characteristics of the microvascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify the relationship ship between regular check-up and detection of complications of diabetes. METHODS: The study subjects were 63 patients with diabetic microvascular complications. The data were collected with self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The main motive to identify retinopathy was through 'visiting hospital after having symptoms (58.9%)', and not through regular checkup. The most common symptom of retinopathy was dim dye (84.3%) and the mean duration after diabetes mellitus diagnosis was 6.8 years. The main motive to identify renal complications was through 'visiting hospital after having symptoms and checking for other complications (28.0%)'. The most common symptom of renal complications was edema of face and hands (72.0%) and the mean duration following diabetes mellitus diagnosis was 8.4 years. The main motive to identify neuropathy was through 'visiting hospital after having symptoms (34.8%)', and not regular checkup. The most common symptom of neuropathy was tingling sensation of feet (100.0%) and the mean duration following diabetes mellitus diagnosis was 7.4 years. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we suggest that diabetes complications check-up should be performed simultaneously to make the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and that the health care providers could provide them with more opportunities to have such check-ups with standardized complications care guidelines.
Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Foot ; Hand ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Sensation ; Ships ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic disease of disputed etiology, possibly an auto-immune reaction to the moter end-plate, characterized by exacerbations and remissions, a rare disease entity in Korea. Myasthenia Gravis has offered many anesthetic problems because it affects respiratory muscles occasionally and bronchial secretion from preoperative anticholinesterase therapy. The chief concern is to ensure adequate respiration both during and after operation. During the year 1976-1982, we have experienced the anesthetic management of 8 patients with myasthenia gravis and thymectomy. From our experiences, we conclude that respiratory care and disuse of relaxants is the key to successful management.
Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Korea ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Rare Diseases ; Respiration ; Respiratory Muscles ; Thymectomy

The presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the initial computerized tomographic scans has been known to be associated with worse results. By means of a simple and reliable computerized tomographic grade system proposed by Greene and his colleagues, prognostic factors of the traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was significantly related to clinical outcome at the time of discharge from acute hospitalization. Between February 1992 and August 1995, 3975 patients were admitted to our department of neurosurgery due to head injury. Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain the relationship of the thickness of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, its location, evidence of mass lesion(s), midline shift, obliteration of the basal cistern, and cortical sulcal effacement to outcome. Additionally, initial Glasgow coma scale score, arterial gas study, systemic blood pressure and prothrombin time were also analyzed for the same purpose. Among 3975 head-injured patients, 213 patients were identified to h ave traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the initial computerized tomographic scan. Among 213 traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, the patients treated with calcium channal blocker(32 patients) and 3 patients lost to follow-up were excluded from this study for a total of 178. The computerized tomographic scan findings were divided into a 3 grade system;Grade 1 indicating only traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, Grade 2 indicating traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage with mass lesion(s) , Grade 3 indicating traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage with mass lesion(s) and midline shift. All these data were compared to Glasgow outcome scale on discharge, and arbitrarily these were divided into the good(good recovery and moderate disability) and the bad(severe disability, vegetative state and death). The authors conclude that the contributing factors to outcome at discharge were as follows:1. midline shift(p=0.002), PT< or =70%(p<0.001), obliteration of the basal cistern(p=0.001) and cortical sulcal effacement(p=0.001) were shown to the statistically significant. 2. initial computerized tomographic grade contributed to outcome at discharge.
Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Neurosurgery ; Persistent Vegetative State ; Prothrombin Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic*

A case of aneurysmal bone cyst(ABC) secondary to eosinophilic granuloma of the skull is reported. In the skull, the presence of ABC secondary to eosinophilic granuloma is rare. We reviewed the clinicopathological- and radiological features of this type of eocinophilic granuloma at the cranium.
Aneurysm* ; Eosinophilic Granuloma* ; Eosinophils* ; Granuloma ; Skull*

No abstract available.
Carps* ; Killer Cells, Natural

We investigated to see whether an altered role of nitric oxide (NO) system is involved in erythropoietin (EPO)-induced hypertension in chronic renal failure (CRF). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were five-sixths nephrectomized to induce CRF. Six weeks after the operation, EPO or vehicle was injected for another 6 weeks. Plasma and urine nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels were determined. Expression of NO synthase (NOS) proteins in the aortae and kidneys were also determined. In addition, the isometric tension of isolated aorta in response to acetylcholine and nitroprusside was examined. Blood pressure progressively rose in CRF groups, the degree of which was augmented by EPO treatment. Plasma NOx levels did not differ among the groups, while urine NOx levels were lower in CRF groups. Endothelial NOS expression was lower in the kidney and aorta in CRF rats, which was not further affected by EPO-treatment. The inducible NOS expression in the kidney and aorta was not different among the groups. Acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside caused dose-dependent relaxations of aortic rings, the degree of which was not altered by EPO-treatment. Taken together, EPO-treatment aggravates hypertension in CRF, but altered role of NO system may not be involved.
Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Anemia/metabolism ; Anemia/etiology ; Anemia/drug therapy* ; Animal ; Aorta, Thoracic/physiology ; Body Weight ; Erythropoietin/pharmacology* ; Hypertension, Renal/metabolism ; Hypertension, Renal/drug therapy ; Isometric Contraction/drug effects ; Kidney/enzymology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications ; Male ; Nitrates/urine ; Nitrates/blood ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism* ; Nitric-Oxide Synthase/metabolism ; Nitrites/urine ; Nitrites/blood ; Nitroprusside/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasoconstriction/drug effects ; Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology ; Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology