The morphologic differences hetween a mucoid and pasty type of Cryptococcus neoformans derived from pigeon drops were investigated using an eIectron microscope. The following results were obtained: No essential differences in ultramicroscopic structures were noted hetween the mucoid and pasty type of C. neoformans, but the capsule is thicker in the mucoid type than the pasty one and the intracytoplasmic structures were seen more clearly in the mucoid type. These differences seem to he related to chemical components and the difficulty of penetration of fixing solution through thick capsules. There were no differences between C. neoformans derived from pigeon drops and those from pathogenic strains which were reported by others. Therefore, C. neoformans derived form pigeon drops can infect humans.
Capsules ; Columbidae* ; Cryptococcus neoformans* ; Cryptococcus* ; Humans

this study was first initiated to compare the effectiveness of the KOH mount versus actual culturing from 1928 skin scrapings obtained frorn December, 1975 to August, 1976 in Daegu area. Second, changes in both clicical patterns and fungal flora isilated among the causative organisms were observed and following results were obtained . The KOH mount reparte;d a higher number of positive cases, when compared with the culture method. Covered areas of the body reported higher KOH positive rates than exposed areas, while cultures from the finger and toe-nails r."ported unusually low positive rates. In 51. 3% of the cases, both culture and KOH rnount were pasitive. The positive coincidence rate was found to be highest with the lesions frorn the scalp, buttock and groin, and lowest with lesions from the hands and feet. The positive KOH scrapings when cultured, showed a 10. 3% negative rate while the negative KOH scrapings reported a 7. 3%. positive culture rate. The rate of culture contamination was highest in KOH negative cases and also highest among finger and toe-nail lesions. Weather was also thought to be a factor: the higher the temperature, the lower the frequency of contamination. The 1138 strains isolated in 1976 were compared to a similar study done between 1957---1959, the following result., were observed: Trubrum has markedly increased while T. ferrugineum has significantly decreased with M. gypseum reported for the first time in Korea. Although most of these species were fairly equally distributed thrcughout the urban and rural areas, M. canis and M. gypseum were lirnited to the urban areas. Compared to 1959 changes in the causative organisms rate of the following dermatophytosis were observed In T. pedis, T. corporis, T. manus and T. Unguiurn, T. rubrum was reported as the predorninant causative agent and t.he second most prominent causative agent was T. mentaprophytes. In. T. cruris, T, rubum. was also repoted as the predoniinant causative agent with E. floccosurn the second whiile in T. capitis, T. ferrugineum remained the predominant causative agent, The frequeny of dernatophytosis was reported as follows: Tinea nf the nands and feet reported the highest incidence, T. pedis alone accounted for 38. 8% of all dermatophytosis while T, cruris was second 21.0% Compared to the previously study T. capitis decreased significantly. The majority of cases were found to be in the ag group(20~39 years) 68.4%. T. capitis and T. cruris were reported predominatly in males while similar results were reported with T. pedis. T. rnanus and T. unguium in females. The monthly distribution of T. capitis, T. corporis and T, cruris remained fairly consiant while T. pedis and I manus greatly increased during the liottcr months KIay to August. Coexistence of dermatophytosis preferred females to males and T.cruris infected from T. pedis was also common in males. On second experiment we extended the length of application to 15 days and the number of sujects to 15 persons. There developed erytherna in 1 case after 13 days of application and the others never showed erythema after 15 days of application, whereas with 2% soap solution erythema developed in 2 cases in 24 hours, 9 cases by 48 hours and 13 cases by 72 hours of application. The other 2 cases never showed erythema after 15 days of application. With above result there is no need to calculata IT as Kligman already mentioned. It is apparent that topically applied Ginseng saponin is essentially non-irritant material to the skin.
Buttocks ; Daegu ; Erythema ; Female ; Fingers ; Foot ; Groin ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Panax ; Saponins ; Scalp ; Skin ; Soaps ; Tinea* ; Weather

A case of familial telangiectasia of face resembling lupus erythematosus but no having other involved symptoms, except ichthyosis vulgaris of lower legs in all 4 sisters, appeared on 8 months through 2 years after birth is reported Authors suggest this case to be simplified congenital telangiectasia of face, because of not consisted with preexistiong various diseases such as Bloom's syndrome, Ataxia-Telangiectasia, Rothmund-Thomsons' Syndrome, Dyskeratosis congenita, and Cockayne's syndrome, which show the familial telangiectasia of face.
Ataxia Telangiectasia ; Bloom Syndrome ; Dyskeratosis Congenita ; Humans ; Ichthyosis Vulgaris ; Leg ; Parturition ; Siblings ; Telangiectasis*

These clinical and mycological observations were made on 898 cases of tinea facisle diagnosed by the clinical findings and KOH exsmination among the 137,197 out-patients exsmined for five years from Jaunary 1981 to December 1985 at Chilgok Catholic Skin Clinic, Taegu, Korea. Following results were obtained: 1. The annual number of patients with tinea faciale was 159(0.75% of the total outpatients) in 1981, 174(0.56%) in 1982, 181(0.67%) in 1983, 181(0.67%) in 1984,and 203 (0.83%) in 1985. 2. Of the 898 patients, male patients numbered 395 and female 503. Although the age distribution of patients was highest under age 14 in both sexes, males outnumbered females slightly before age 19 and, as age advanced, female predominance became more marked. 3. Of the 898 patients, 7Z6 organisms composed of 5 species were isolated. The species isolated were in the order of decreasing frequency, Trichophyton(T.) mentagrophytea (296,40.8%), Microsporum(M.) canis (218,30.0%), T. rubrum (189,26.0%), M. gypseam (21,2.9%), and Epidermophyton floccosum (2,0.3%). 4. M. canis was the chief cause of tinea faciale in children under 14. The infection due to T. mentagrophytes and M. canis outnumbered T, rubrum markedly in the young age group before 14, but T. rubrum predominated in the middle age group from 20 to 29. In the old age group after 40, T. mentagrophytes reappeared as a major cause of the disease. 5. T. mentagrophytes predominated in rural area and M. cania in urban area but no sexual variation was found. T. rubrum and M. gypseum prevailed slightly more in urban areas than in rural areas. 6. Eczematous annular ringworm (without central clearing) types were seen most frequently in the cases cssed by T. menagrophytes and clsssic ringworm types were seen most frequently in the cases caused by M. cania 7. Coexistent fungal infections were chiefly T. corporis in the csses of T. mentagrophytes and M. canis, but T. pedis and T. unguium in the cases of T. rubrum. 8. As a result of mating studies, 177 strsins of T. mentagrophytes proved to be Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (51 of the "+" mating type and 126 of the "-"mating type), 12 strains of M. gypseum proved to be Nannizzia(N) incurvata (4, "-" and 8,"-") and 4 proved to be N. gypsea (2, "+" and 2, "-" ).
Age Distribution ; Arthrodermataceae ; Child ; Daegu ; Epidermophyton ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outpatients ; Skin ; Tinea*

With isolated strams of dermatophytes, susceptibility tests were undertaken to antifungal drugs, and the results of both tests by inoculation of fungal suspensions and, fungal mats were compared, also the combined actior.s of drugs against isolated strains were evaluated, Diverse susceptibiIity patterns were observed among different fungal species, however, no arminor susceptibility differences were detected among strains of same species. Among drugs tested, tolnaftate showed the most strong antifungal ar.tion, and Ep, floccoaum was the most and T. mentagrophytes was the least sensitive species to drugs. MIC levels by mats inoculation were generally far higher than that of fungal suspension, particularly with tolnaftate it was several hundred folds higher by fungal mats inoculatian. Combined actions of drugs were generelly elevated against test strains, when miconazole cornbined with tolnaftate, the action was synergistic against T. mentagrophytes, and when tolnaftate combined with griseofulvin or siccarin cornbined with griseofulvin, thactions were elevated to T. rubrum.
Arthrodermataceae* ; Griseofulvin ; Miconazole ; Suspensions ; Tolnaftate

Ringworm infections have been extensiveIy studied in Korea since 1943. However, only two cases of ringworrn caused by Microsporum gypseum were reported until 1975. The authors experienced an increase of M. gypseum infection in recent years, suggesting a further increase in incidence in the future. Therefore, the authors studied the cIinical and mycological findings of 14 cases of M. gypseum infection encountered from 1976 to l978, along with the distribution of various dermatophytoses observed in recert years. To investigate possible sources of infection, mycological characteristics of M. gypseum strains isolated from human and soil were compared. (countinued...)
Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Microsporum* ; Soil ; Tinea

Onychomycosis can be diagnosed by mycological examination, but it is not easy to detect its causative organisms because the positive rate of culture is lower and its scores are variable due to the contamination inherently introduced in the current method used in sampling the ovychomycosis organisms. It was suggested that the scores depended upon the handicraft of operates and the gainning method of nail material, so we modeled the watch mending drivers into the punching instruments, and holed deeply & widly through the nail plate, from the surface to the bottom. Afterward, the KOH mount & culture were performed to compare this new punch method used with that of standard scrapping method. Through the KOH examination more numerous hypaes were found in the punch methods sample than the scrapping methods sample. Also, the punch methods positive culture rate was found to be 2. 5 times higher than that of the scrapping methods culture rate, with a 5 to 5. 5 times lower amount of contamination. In conclusion, the punch method was found to be a more precise and effective method of obtaining onychomycosis organisms. Although this method required a slight greater time to perform than the standard scrapping method, I believe it will be a valuable aid in the detection of causative organisms of onychamycosis.
Onychomycosis*

In order to evaluate the accurate diagnosis of scabies through exatr.inations of all requred. conditions, the author conducted an observation on 769 cases of scabies at the Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook University Hospital from January, 1962 to Octover, 1973, In 1962 the frequency of the disease appeared to be low but it dramatically rose to 20 or 30 times between 1963 and 1966, again showing an increasing tendency from 1971. The ratio of frequency between male and female was 4.2: 1. Seasonal occurrence of scahics was found to be highest in winter. Infectious rate in the family was 83.3% and incubation period vas estimated from 15 days to 2 months. Acarus scabiei or its ova were found in 46.5% of all cases examined and in patients over 16 years of age. Acarus scabiei or ova were chiefly found in vesicles of the finger web but the ova were also found in the subungual fold of the finger, which is an important site of examination.
Dermatology ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Fingers ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Male ; Mites ; Ovum ; Scabies* ; Seasons

Clinical observations were made on 251 cases of pyodermas at the Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook University Hospital from 1968 to 1972. Especially noteworthy is the application of josamycin to 41 cases of pyodermas to observe its therapeutic effects. Since 1968, the frequency of pyodermas has shown an annual increase. The ratio between male and female was 1. 4: 1, gradually changing from 2. 3: 1 in 1968 to an almost balanced incidence in 1972. The age of onset. differed with types of disease, but 76. 2% of all cases occurred before the age of 15. The outbreaks of impetigo bullosa and impetigo vulgaris were found to be affected by season, the highest prevalence being in summer. Seasonal occurrence of all cases was found to be 45.5% in summer and 24. 3% in fall with no noticeable change ohserved in spring and winter. Predilection sites of the disease differed according to the type of the disease but all types showed a marked predilection for the exposed areas as against the covered areas (4 times). Sensitivity of causative organisms to antibiotics was found to be fairly high to cloxacillin, novobiocin and ampicillin, and relative to kanamycin, streptomycin and doxycycline but all tested cases showed resistance to tetracycline, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline. Josamycin was effective in all types of pyodermas, and was dramtical]y so in impetigo bullosa of which pustules disappeared within 3 or 5 days of treatment. Two out of 41 cases complained of abdominal pain and weakness. The sensitivity of the causative organisms of all types of pyodermas to josamycin was 83. 3%.
Abdominal Pain ; Age of Onset ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chlortetracycline ; Cloxacillin ; Dermatology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Doxycycline ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Impetigo ; Incidence ; Josamycin ; Kanamycin ; Male ; Novobiocin ; Oxytetracycline ; Prevalence ; Pyoderma* ; Seasons ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline

The purpose of this paper is to describe a new apparatus which utilizes the principle of Van Tieghems hanging drop culture method. After using various methods of culturing fungi authors have found van Tieghems method to yield the most satifsymg result. Until now, this method has been slightly more tedious due to durability, storage, and quantity of culture necessary for each species. The new apparatus consists of 20mm plexiglass tubing cut in 16mm lengths and attache to a 16cm x12cm x2mm plexiglass plate with paraffin or manicure. These tubes a.re ranged in rows approximately 6cm apart with at least 8mm between tubes. Plates of varying sizes can be made to accornodate specific experimente. The authors developed thse inexpensive unbreakable plexiglass plates to allow for aimultaneous growth of various fungi and therefore more accurate comparison. Since these plates can be stored and handled easily, most af the disadvantages of using van Tieghems hanging drop culture rnethod have been eliminated.
Fungi ; Paraffin ; Polymethyl Methacrylate*