The morphologic differences hetween a mucoid and pasty type of Cryptococcus neoformans derived from pigeon drops were investigated using an eIectron microscope. The following results were obtained: No essential differences in ultramicroscopic structures were noted hetween the mucoid and pasty type of C. neoformans, but the capsule is thicker in the mucoid type than the pasty one and the intracytoplasmic structures were seen more clearly in the mucoid type. These differences seem to he related to chemical components and the difficulty of penetration of fixing solution through thick capsules. There were no differences between C. neoformans derived from pigeon drops and those from pathogenic strains which were reported by others. Therefore, C. neoformans derived form pigeon drops can infect humans.
Capsules ; Columbidae* ; Cryptococcus neoformans* ; Cryptococcus* ; Humans

Onychomycosis can be diagnosed by mycological examination, but it is not easy to detect its causative organisms because the positive rate of culture is lower and its scores are variable due to the contamination inherently introduced in the current method used in sampling the ovychomycosis organisms. It was suggested that the scores depended upon the handicraft of operates and the gainning method of nail material, so we modeled the watch mending drivers into the punching instruments, and holed deeply & widly through the nail plate, from the surface to the bottom. Afterward, the KOH mount & culture were performed to compare this new punch method used with that of standard scrapping method. Through the KOH examination more numerous hypaes were found in the punch methods sample than the scrapping methods sample. Also, the punch methods positive culture rate was found to be 2. 5 times higher than that of the scrapping methods culture rate, with a 5 to 5. 5 times lower amount of contamination. In conclusion, the punch method was found to be a more precise and effective method of obtaining onychomycosis organisms. Although this method required a slight greater time to perform than the standard scrapping method, I believe it will be a valuable aid in the detection of causative organisms of onychamycosis.
Onychomycosis*

Ringworm infections have been extensiveIy studied in Korea since 1943. However, only two cases of ringworrn caused by Microsporum gypseum were reported until 1975. The authors experienced an increase of M. gypseum infection in recent years, suggesting a further increase in incidence in the future. Therefore, the authors studied the cIinical and mycological findings of 14 cases of M. gypseum infection encountered from 1976 to l978, along with the distribution of various dermatophytoses observed in recert years. To investigate possible sources of infection, mycological characteristics of M. gypseum strains isolated from human and soil were compared. (countinued...)
Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Microsporum* ; Soil ; Tinea

A case of familial telangiectasia of face resembling lupus erythematosus but no having other involved symptoms, except ichthyosis vulgaris of lower legs in all 4 sisters, appeared on 8 months through 2 years after birth is reported Authors suggest this case to be simplified congenital telangiectasia of face, because of not consisted with preexistiong various diseases such as Bloom's syndrome, Ataxia-Telangiectasia, Rothmund-Thomsons' Syndrome, Dyskeratosis congenita, and Cockayne's syndrome, which show the familial telangiectasia of face.
Ataxia Telangiectasia ; Bloom Syndrome ; Dyskeratosis Congenita ; Humans ; Ichthyosis Vulgaris ; Leg ; Parturition ; Siblings ; Telangiectasis*

Granuloma pyogenicum is a benign vascular tumor, usually about 0.5 to 2cm in diameter. It occurs as a single lesion with few exceptions and consists of pedunulated nodule with a dull red or slightly purplish color. We observed a 29-year old man who had multiple satellite recurrences in the scapular region which developed after excision of a single lesion of granuloma pyogenicum. Histapathologic findings showed many newly formed capillaries that had prominant endothelial cells and showed varying degrees of dilation without appearance of epiderrnal collarette sign. The lesions were much improved by X-ray irradiation.
Adult ; Capillaries ; Endothelial Cells ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; Humans ; Recurrence

In order to avoid contamination attributed to Vanbreuseghem hair haiting technique in the laboratory, the author contrived the following modified method. After adding 100ml of antibiotics solution (mixture of 500mg of Cyclohexamide, 20, 000u of Penicillin and 40mg of Streptomycin in 1,000ml of distilled water) in PVC phial containing 100gm of soil, it was gently agitated for an hour and lefted to be settled for 12 hours. The suspended solution obtained and a batch of horse hair were randomly distributed on a Petri dishfitted with blue cloths, then cultured at 24C'. The overall results obtained from this modified method were not as satisfying as that of the Vanbreuseghem method but a few advantages such as simplicity of the procedure and significantly lower laboratory contamination implicated its practicality. Furthermore, this method was also found to be useful in the first isolation of infected animal hairs, hair perforation tests and as a substitution for artificial media. For the cross mating, a patch of blue cloths was laid on top cf moist sterilized soil evenly spreaded on a Petri dish. Then hair-baiting procedure was performed and good results were obtained.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Dihydroergotamine ; Hair* ; Horses ; Penicillins ; Soil ; Streptomycin

this study was first initiated to compare the effectiveness of the KOH mount versus actual culturing from 1928 skin scrapings obtained frorn December, 1975 to August, 1976 in Daegu area. Second, changes in both clicical patterns and fungal flora isilated among the causative organisms were observed and following results were obtained . The KOH mount reparte;d a higher number of positive cases, when compared with the culture method. Covered areas of the body reported higher KOH positive rates than exposed areas, while cultures from the finger and toe-nails r."ported unusually low positive rates. In 51. 3% of the cases, both culture and KOH rnount were pasitive. The positive coincidence rate was found to be highest with the lesions frorn the scalp, buttock and groin, and lowest with lesions from the hands and feet. The positive KOH scrapings when cultured, showed a 10. 3% negative rate while the negative KOH scrapings reported a 7. 3%. positive culture rate. The rate of culture contamination was highest in KOH negative cases and also highest among finger and toe-nail lesions. Weather was also thought to be a factor: the higher the temperature, the lower the frequency of contamination. The 1138 strains isolated in 1976 were compared to a similar study done between 1957---1959, the following result., were observed: Trubrum has markedly increased while T. ferrugineum has significantly decreased with M. gypseum reported for the first time in Korea. Although most of these species were fairly equally distributed thrcughout the urban and rural areas, M. canis and M. gypseum were lirnited to the urban areas. Compared to 1959 changes in the causative organisms rate of the following dermatophytosis were observed In T. pedis, T. corporis, T. manus and T. Unguiurn, T. rubrum was reported as the predorninant causative agent and t.he second most prominent causative agent was T. mentaprophytes. In. T. cruris, T, rubum. was also repoted as the predoniinant causative agent with E. floccosurn the second whiile in T. capitis, T. ferrugineum remained the predominant causative agent, The frequeny of dernatophytosis was reported as follows: Tinea nf the nands and feet reported the highest incidence, T. pedis alone accounted for 38. 8% of all dermatophytosis while T, cruris was second 21.0% Compared to the previously study T. capitis decreased significantly. The majority of cases were found to be in the ag group(20~39 years) 68.4%. T. capitis and T. cruris were reported predominatly in males while similar results were reported with T. pedis. T. rnanus and T. unguium in females. The monthly distribution of T. capitis, T. corporis and T, cruris remained fairly consiant while T. pedis and I manus greatly increased during the liottcr months KIay to August. Coexistence of dermatophytosis preferred females to males and T.cruris infected from T. pedis was also common in males. On second experiment we extended the length of application to 15 days and the number of sujects to 15 persons. There developed erytherna in 1 case after 13 days of application and the others never showed erythema after 15 days of application, whereas with 2% soap solution erythema developed in 2 cases in 24 hours, 9 cases by 48 hours and 13 cases by 72 hours of application. The other 2 cases never showed erythema after 15 days of application. With above result there is no need to calculata IT as Kligman already mentioned. It is apparent that topically applied Ginseng saponin is essentially non-irritant material to the skin.
Buttocks ; Daegu ; Erythema ; Female ; Fingers ; Foot ; Groin ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Panax ; Saponins ; Scalp ; Skin ; Soaps ; Tinea* ; Weather

A mating study was performed by crossing 333 isolates of Trichophyton mentugrophytes with+and tester strains of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii, A. benhamiae and A. simit from January 1980 to December 1983 Three hundred and thiirteen were compatible with A. vanbreuseghemri consisting of 167 of+type and 146 of type and twenty were indeterminate. The cleistothecia formed by crossing the isolates with tester strains of A. vanbreaseghemii were fewer in number and smaller in size than those of tester strains. The sexual dogeneration was observed in all of the isolates compared with tester strains. The colonial morphological features of the isolates of T. mentagrophytes were observed as 24p isolates of the granulosum-asteroides form, 66 of the powdery form and 7 of the downy form on 1/10 Sabouraud agar with salts in culture. The mat- ing type showed the higher type in the granulosumasteroides forrn and + type in the powdery and downy forms. The + type increased from 1981 to 1983, and the type showed a marked increase in 1983. The + type was predominant in tinea pedis et unguim and tinea cruris, and type in tinea faciale and tinea manuurn. The + type showed nearly equal incidence in the spring, winter and summer, and the lowest in the autumn, compared to the highest in the winter and the lowest in the summer in the type.
Agar ; Arthrodermataceae ; Incidence ; Salts ; Tinea ; Tinea Pedis ; Trichophyton*

With isolated strams of dermatophytes, susceptibility tests were undertaken to antifungal drugs, and the results of both tests by inoculation of fungal suspensions and, fungal mats were compared, also the combined actior.s of drugs against isolated strains were evaluated, Diverse susceptibiIity patterns were observed among different fungal species, however, no arminor susceptibility differences were detected among strains of same species. Among drugs tested, tolnaftate showed the most strong antifungal ar.tion, and Ep, floccoaum was the most and T. mentagrophytes was the least sensitive species to drugs. MIC levels by mats inoculation were generally far higher than that of fungal suspension, particularly with tolnaftate it was several hundred folds higher by fungal mats inoculatian. Combined actions of drugs were generelly elevated against test strains, when miconazole cornbined with tolnaftate, the action was synergistic against T. mentagrophytes, and when tolnaftate combined with griseofulvin or siccarin cornbined with griseofulvin, thactions were elevated to T. rubrum.
Arthrodermataceae* ; Griseofulvin ; Miconazole ; Suspensions ; Tolnaftate

These clinical and mycological observations were made on 898 cases of tinea facisle diagnosed by the clinical findings and KOH exsmination among the 137,197 out-patients exsmined for five years from Jaunary 1981 to December 1985 at Chilgok Catholic Skin Clinic, Taegu, Korea. Following results were obtained: 1. The annual number of patients with tinea faciale was 159(0.75% of the total outpatients) in 1981, 174(0.56%) in 1982, 181(0.67%) in 1983, 181(0.67%) in 1984,and 203 (0.83%) in 1985. 2. Of the 898 patients, male patients numbered 395 and female 503. Although the age distribution of patients was highest under age 14 in both sexes, males outnumbered females slightly before age 19 and, as age advanced, female predominance became more marked. 3. Of the 898 patients, 7Z6 organisms composed of 5 species were isolated. The species isolated were in the order of decreasing frequency, Trichophyton(T.) mentagrophytea (296,40.8%), Microsporum(M.) canis (218,30.0%), T. rubrum (189,26.0%), M. gypseam (21,2.9%), and Epidermophyton floccosum (2,0.3%). 4. M. canis was the chief cause of tinea faciale in children under 14. The infection due to T. mentagrophytes and M. canis outnumbered T, rubrum markedly in the young age group before 14, but T. rubrum predominated in the middle age group from 20 to 29. In the old age group after 40, T. mentagrophytes reappeared as a major cause of the disease. 5. T. mentagrophytes predominated in rural area and M. cania in urban area but no sexual variation was found. T. rubrum and M. gypseum prevailed slightly more in urban areas than in rural areas. 6. Eczematous annular ringworm (without central clearing) types were seen most frequently in the cases cssed by T. menagrophytes and clsssic ringworm types were seen most frequently in the cases caused by M. cania 7. Coexistent fungal infections were chiefly T. corporis in the csses of T. mentagrophytes and M. canis, but T. pedis and T. unguium in the cases of T. rubrum. 8. As a result of mating studies, 177 strsins of T. mentagrophytes proved to be Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (51 of the "+" mating type and 126 of the "-"mating type), 12 strains of M. gypseum proved to be Nannizzia(N) incurvata (4, "-" and 8,"-") and 4 proved to be N. gypsea (2, "+" and 2, "-" ).
Age Distribution ; Arthrodermataceae ; Child ; Daegu ; Epidermophyton ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outpatients ; Skin ; Tinea*