This study was planned to determine the subjective and objective refraction under Mydrin P (Sansei Do Pham. Co.) among 758 Korean high school girls in Seoul area age of 12 to 18 years. Brightness (illumination) of 6 class rooms out of 30 in junior high school and 11 class rooms out of 24 in senior high school was measured with a sight meter (Western model 703-60, type 7, Western Co.) and a sun light illumination meter (Western model 756, Weston Co.). 1. Among 758 high school girls, error was 80.34% and emmetropia 19.66%. 2. As to the distribution of refractive erros, 30.02% was hyperopic refractive error and 69.98% was myopic refractive error. 3. The incidence of each refractive errors was the following order: hyperopia 15.44%, myop4 37.40%, compound myopic astigmatism 15.04%, compound hyperopic astigmatism 5.54%, simple myopic astigmatism 3.23%, simple hyperopic astigmatism 2.9%, mixed astigmations 0.73%. 5. The incidence of refractive errors in relation to age reveals the myopic refractive error increases from 37.35% at the age of 12 years reaching to 97.06% at the age of 18 years, while the hyperopic refractive error decreases from 62.65% at the age of 12 years decreasing to 2.94% at the age of 18 years. 6. Emmetropia was most frequent at the age of 16 years and there after tends to decrease. 7. Hyperopic refractive error under 1.00D was 23.99% and myopic refractive error under 1.00D was 26.62%. 8. As to the type of astigmatism, "with the rule" was 52.88%, "against rule" 40.14%, "oblique" 4.33% and mixed astigmatism 2.64% only. 9. The brightness of classrooms reveals averaing 75.5 F.C. in senior high school and 30.2 F.C. in senior high school. The day light factor measured at the same time was average 6.2% in junior high school and 1.8% in senior high school. The balance of illumination measured at the sametime was average 69.8% in junior high school and 52.6% in senior high school.
Astigmatism ; Emmetropia ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence ; Lighting ; Refractive Errors ; Seoul ; Solar System

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical safety of PMR(Palatal Muscle Resection) in obstructive sleep apnea patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen Patients underwent only PMR were reviewed retrospectively. ESS(Epworth Sleepiness Scale) was analyzed after PMR surgery to assess surgical results. Visual Analogue Scale were reviewed to evaluate postoperative pain. Eustachian tube function test, voice analysis, and measurement of forced expiration power were done after two months of surgery. RESULTS: ESS were improved after PMR. There were little postoperative pain. There was no significant change is observed vowel sounds except /u/ nor postoperative nasalization in voice, Eustachian tube dysfunction and change of expiration power. CONCLUSION: PMR may be regarded clinically safe surgery in obstructive sleep apnea patient.
Eustachian Tube ; Humans ; Muscles ; Pain, Postoperative ; Palate ; Phonation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Voice

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS), also known as chloroma, is an extramedullary tumor of granulocytic lineage. It usually occurs in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative disorder, or myelodysplasia but can develop in patients with no known hematologic disorder (isolated chloroma). The sites of predilection are bone and periosteum, and the next most common sites are soft tissues of the skin, kidneys, gut and lymph nodes. We report herein two cases of GS in a 36 year-old male and a 39 year-old female. The former had been treated for AML for 4 months before GS developed as an exophytic and multiple cutaneous masses on his left arm. In the latter, whose chief complaint was plum-colored nodules on her trunk, the initial diagnosis was malignant lymphoma. A follow-up after chemotherapy revealed that she had AML and reversely the final diagnosis of GS could be made for her skin tumor.
Adult ; Arm ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Periosteum ; Sarcoma, Myeloid* ; Skin ; Prunus domestica

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to study complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) used among cancer patients in Korea. METHOD: This study was a descriptive survey. Study participants were 1,150 cancer patients selected from 28 representative hospitals in Korea. Data were collected between December 1, 2004 and March 30, 2005. RESULTS: Their diagnosis were as follows : 20.0% for breast cancer, 15.6% for stomach cancer, 14.4% for liver cancer, 10.8% for lung cancer, 10.0% for colon cancer, and 10.0% for uterine cancer. 75.0% of cancer patients had used CAM. The most popular categories of CAM use were diet with 153.2%, non-prescription of oriental medical doctor 47.9% and mind-body control 20.3%. CAM use gender, age, cancer type, cancer treatment method, and current treatment type was significantly different in. CONCLUSION: CAM use among cancer patients in Korea was very popular (75.0%) and so systemic guidelines of CAM use are needed.
Breast Neoplasms ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Complementary Therapies* ; Diagnosis ; Diet ; Humans ; Korea* ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Uterine Neoplasms

Scleromyxedema is a rare fibromucinous disorder that is often difficult to treat and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Clinically, it shows white or flesh colored, dome-shaped waxy papules on the hands, arms, face, neck and upper trunk. There are proliferation of fibroblasts and mucin deposition in dermis and presence of serum paraproteins. It should be differentiated from scleroderma because of sclerotic skin changes. Patients were a 70 year old male and a 45 year old female. They showed multiple confluent or linearly arranged waxy papules on the head, neck and extremities. Sclerotic plaques were also seen. Abnormal findings were not detected in laboratory tests and bone marrow biopsy. Histologically, mucin deposition and marked proliferation of fibroblasts were seen in dermis. Therapy was performed with 200 mg/day of cyclophosphamide. Both patients showed good response and had no recurrence. The latter one had shown improvement of skin lesions but subsequently she developed leukocytopenia. Cyclophosphamide was stopped temporarily until the abnormal leukocytes count recovered. During therapy, mild hemiparesis developed. We could not find the cause of the symptom through physical examination and radiologic studies.
Aged ; Arm ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Cyclophosphamide ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Hand ; Head ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Leukopenia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Mucins ; Neck ; Paraproteins ; Paresis ; Physical Examination ; Recurrence ; Scleromyxedema* ; Skin

We report four cases of toxic hepatitis that occurred after taking a decoction made by boiling down the root of Dictamnus dasycarpus. The four patients had a median age of 60 years, common symptoms of jaundice and general weakness, and stated that they had not consumed alcohol for at least 5 years. The markers of hepatitis A, B, and C were all negative in the patients. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed common bile ducts with normal diameters. Two of the cases were a mother and daughter, and the other two were sporadic. All of them had consumed a decoction made by boiling down the root of Dictamnus dasycarpus five or six times daily until several days before admission. Dictamnus dasycarpus induced liver injury presenting with a benign course lasting less than 1 month after cessation of the causative agent. We suggest that this natural product can cause acute hepatitis in rural areas.
Acute Disease ; Aged ; Dictamnus/*adverse effects ; Female ; Hepatitis, Toxic/*diagnosis/etiology/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plant Roots/*adverse effects

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic exploration of the common bile duct (CBD) is difficult and dangerous in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy (B-II). Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) via a cap-fitted forward-viewing endoscope has been reported to be an effective and safe procedure. We analyzed the technical success and complications of EPBD in patients who underwent B-II. METHODS: Thirty-six consecutive patients with B-II were enrolled from among 2,378 patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a single institute in the last 4 years. The EPBD procedure was carried out using a cap-fitted forward-viewing endoscope with 8-mm balloon catheters for 60 seconds. We analyzed the rates of CBD exploration, technical success, and complications. RESULTS: Afferent loop intubation was performed in all patients and selective cannulation of the bile duct was performed in 32 patients (88.9%). Complications such as transient hypoxia were observed in two patients (5.6%) and perforation, in three patients (9.7%). The perforation sites were ductal injury in two patients and one patient showed retroperitoneal air alone without symptoms. Three patients manifested different clinical courses of severe acute pancreatitis and peritonitis, transient abdominal pain, and retroperitoneal air alone. The condition of one patient improved with surgery and that of the other two patients, with conservative management. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with perforation during EPBD in B-II showed different clinical courses. Tailored treatment strategies are necessary for improving the clinical outcomes.
Abdominal Pain ; Anoxia ; Bile Ducts ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Endoscopes* ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastroenterostomy* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Pancreatitis ; Peritonitis

No abstract available in English.
Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Compliance* ; Female ; Humans ; Pelvic Floor* ; Urinary Incontinence*

In clinical practice, Tc-99m DTPA renal scan has been using for screening for the presence of renal dysfunction to determine the need for early treatment in kidney transplantation patients. We measured glomerular filtration rate(GFR) using Gates method during the routine Tc-99m DTPA renal scan, predicted creatinine clearance estimated by Cockcroft and Gault formula and 24-hour creatinine clearance and compared each other in 88 kidney transplantation patients simultaneously. The range of renal uptake(%) of Tc-99m DTPA was from 1.8% to 10.4% and the correlation between 24-hour creatinine clearance and renal uptake showed Y=7.176X8.975Y=creatinine clearance(ml/min), X=renal uptake(%) and the correlation coefficient was 0.771. The correlation coefficient between GFR (ml/min) using Tc-99m DTPA renal scan and predicted creatinine clearance was 0.765. The correlation coefficient between predicted creatinine clearance and 24-hour creatinine clearance was 0.850. We concluded that the measurement of GFR using Tc-99m DTPA renal scan was clinically useful in kidney transplantation patients with the advantage of simplicity, low expense, opportunity for renal imaging.
Creatinine ; Filtration ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Mass Screening ; Pentetic Acid*

Met tyrosine kinase receptor, the receptor of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), is present in mouse tissues as two major isoforms differing by a 47-aminoacid segment in the juxtamembrane domain via alternative splicing of exon 14. We found that the smaller isoform of Met (Sm-Met) was highly transformable in both in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis assays. In this report, close examination of the transforming activity of the Sm-Met showed that the expression of Sm-Met conferred the cells serum independence and anti- apoptotic property when treated with doxorubicin. These properties of Sm-Met seemed to be originated from its far longer maintenance of tyrosine kinase activity after the binding of HGF/SF. Interestingly, the longer maintenance of activated status was accompanied with more increase of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein. Moreover, we have tried to find (an) animal tumorigenesis model(s) showing the increase in the expression of this transforming variant of Met. In gamma-ray-induced mouse thymic lymphoma model, the expression of the mRNAs for Sm-Met was significantly increased as well as those of wild type Met and HGF/SF, suggesting a possible role of the Sm-Met in tumorigenesis in vivo.
Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Lymphoma/*etiology/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Isoforms/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-met/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/metabolism ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Serum/metabolism ; Thymus Gland ; Trans-Activators/metabolism