One of the most common problems of implant prosthesis is the screw loosening of abutment screws. This brings on discomfort on mastication, inflammation in the peri-implant tissue due to poor oral hygiene and fracture of prosthesis or loss of osseointegration. To prevent screw loosening, appropriate implantation to direct the occlusal force to the long axis of the implant, accurate design of the superstructure, decrease of the occlusal table, and adequate torque on the abutment screw are necessary. In this study the screw loosening torque was evaluated in implants with dimples or flutes in the internal surface of abutment screw holes. The abutments were fastened with slot type and hexagonal type abutment screws and were sealed with vinyl poly siloxane impression and bite registration material respectively. The screw loosening torque was evaluated after 1,800 and 12, 600 times loading under a loading machine. The results were as follows. 1. The flute form group showed significantly higher loosening torque compared to the dimple form group and the group with no inner surface treatment (p<0.05). 2. There was no statistical difference in loosening torque according to the sealing materials. 3. The loosening torque according to the types of abutment screw showed no significant difference. 4. The loosening torque was significantly higher after 1800 times loading compared to 12600 times loading(p<0.05). From the above results, it is thought that formation of a flute in the internal surface of the screw hole decreases the chance of screw loosening, but the sealing materials and types of abutment screw did not show significant difference in prevention of screw loosening.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bite Force ; Dental Implants* ; Inflammation ; Jaw Relation Record ; Mastication ; Oral Hygiene ; Osseointegration ; Prostheses and Implants ; Siloxanes ; Torque

Exposure of the root surface due t o gingival recession after periodontal surgery, elicit pain response when exposed to mechanical, heat, chemical o r osmotic irritation. Especially patients treated with periodontal surgery, show high frequency. There have been reports that the 1 out of 7 patients complains of dentinal hypersensitivity. There have been many studies on the clinical effects of various materials on the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate die effect of sodium chloride and potassium oxalate and to observe the relationship between the dentinal hypersensitivity and surface characteristics such as dentinal tubule size and number. This study included 20 teeth which were scheduled for extraction and had no pulpal disease. These teeth were divided into Root planing group, EDTA group, NaCl group and Oxalate group. Dentinal hypersensitivity is measured by tactile, pressured air and cold water using NRS (Numerical Rating Scales). Teeth were extracted under local anesthesia and each specimen was sectioned to a size about 3 X 5 mm and was examined under the scanning electron microscope (X2,000) The results were as follows, 1. The EDTA group exhibited significantly increased dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the other groups. 2. The NaCl and Oxalate groups showed significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the EDTA group. 3. As a method for dentinal hypersensitivity measurement, it was presumed that tactile sensitivity test was not sensitive method but air blast test and cold water test were adequate method. 4. In a SEM study, the root planing group exhibited amorphous smear layer and showed no dentinal tubule orifice, but the EDTA group showed the large number of dentinal tubules. On the other hand, the NaCl and Oxalate groups did not show exposed dentinal tubules. The NaCl group showed more rough root surface than the EDTA group, anti the Oxalate group showed many participates to be presumed as calcium oxalate particle. As the results from this study, root planing couldn't expose the dentinal tubule and NaCl and potassium oxalate occluded exposed dentinal tubule effectively. Dentinal hypersensitivity has close relationship with the exposure of dentinal tubules, especially with it's size and number.
Anesthesia, Local ; Calcium Oxalate ; Dentin* ; Edetic Acid ; Gingival Recession ; Hand ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Oxalic Acid ; Root Planing ; Smear Layer ; Sodium Chloride ; Tooth ; Water

The present study evaluated of regeneration effect of platelet rich plasma on the treatment of classII furcation involvement, with allograft in humans. The control was treated without bioabsorbable membrane, and the test was treated with bioabsorbable membrane. Pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession were measured at baseline, postoperative 3, 6months. Both groups were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test & Mann-whitney Test using SPSS program (5% significance level). The results were as follows: 1. The change of pocket depth and clinical attachment level in both groups was decreased significantly at 3, 6months. (p<0.05) 2. The change of gingival recession in both groups was increased significantly at 3, 6months than at baseline. (p<0.05) 3. The change of pocket depth and clinical attachment level in both groups was increased significantly at 3, 6months, but there were no statistically or clinically significant differences with both groups. 4. The change of gingival recession in both groups was increased significantly at 3, 6months, but there were no statistically or clinically significant differences with both groups. 5. The significant reduction of the pocket depth and clinical attachment level exhibited marked changes at 3 months in both groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that there are no statistically or clinically significant differences between with and without bioabsorbable membrane on treatment of classII furcations using allograft and PRP
Allografts* ; Gingival Recession ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Regeneration

BACKGROUND: Anemia still remains the most common single nutrient deficiency disorder in the world, especially among adolescence period because of the accelerated physical growth both in boys and girls and menstrual losses in iron and dieting for fear of obesity in female teenagers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and microcytosis among healthy students. METHODS: We conducted blood tests in apparently healthy girls (n=49,162) and 2,203 boys aged 10 to 18 years who went to school in Pucheon. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell and platelet count were determined at same day with the use of a Coulter T 540 (Coulter Corp., F1, U.S.A.). RESULTS: 1) In boys the mean Hb concentration increased with age from 13.2g/dL in 10~12 yr to 15.3g/dL in 17~18 yr. In girls the mean Hb concentration was 13.3g/dL in 10~12 yr, 13.1g/dL in 15~16 yr, and 12.9g/dL in 17~18 yr. The difference in mean Hb levels between both sexes was significant (P<0.001) after 13 yrs of age. The mean MCV and MCH increased with age in each sex. 2) In boys, the prevalence of anemia showed 6.5% in 10~12 years, 2.4% in 13~14 years, 5.7% in 15~16 years and 3.0% in 17~18 years. In girls, the prevalence of anemia increased with age: 2.1% in 10~12 years, 4.2% in 13~14 years, 12.1% in 15~16 years and 20.5% in 17~18 years. 3) The prevalence of microcytosis (MCV< 78 fL in 10~14 yr; MCV< 79 fL in 15~18 yr) in boys was about 1% in each group. The prevalence of microcytosis in girls was2.0% in 10~12 years, 2.7% in 13~14 years, 6.1% in 15~16 years and 8.1% in 17~18 years. CONCLUSION: As the prevalence of anemia was substantially greater than expected, studies of iron deficiency in adolescent girls should be performed to assess iron deficiency. In addition, nutritional education for adolescents is warranted.
Adolescent ; Anemia* ; Diet ; Education ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hematocrit ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Iron ; Leukocytes ; Obesity ; Platelet Count ; Prevalence*

The lung nodule is one of the pleuropulmonary menifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. We report here a case exhibiting hydropneumothorax due to a bronchoplerual fistula resulting from a ruptured rheumatoid lung nodule complicated with a aspergilloma in it. A 39 year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis was admitted because of cough for one month. Multiple subcutaneous nodules were noted and multiple lung nodules were seen on chest X-ray, Peripheral white cells were 9,600/mm3 with 1896 of eosinophils. The percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of the largest lung nodule of right upper lobe showed massive necrosis without acid fast bacillus, fungus, or malignant cell. Three months after discharge, air-meniscus sign was seen on the biopsied lung nodule on X-ray. Five months later, the patient was readmitted due to dyspnea and chest pain and simple chest X-ray showed hydropneumothorax on the right side. The pneumothorax was not healed after closed thoracotomy and tube drainage, and high fever developed. The pleural fluid culture revealed Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus. Seventy days after admission, exploratory thoracotomy was done. Aspergilloma was found in the cavitated lung nodule which was ruptured into the pleural cavity through bronchopleural fistula.
Adult ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Bacillus ; Biopsy, Needle ; Chest Pain ; Cough ; Drainage ; Dyspnea ; Eosinophilia* ; Eosinophils ; Fever ; Fistula* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Hydropneumothorax ; Lung* ; Necrosis ; Needles ; Pleural Cavity ; Pneumothorax ; Pseudomonas ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax

Mechanical removals in decayed teeth have been performed using drill and sharp hand instruments. These methods have some disadvantages such as pain, local anesthesia and overextended cavities. Therefore chemo-mechanical excavation of dentin carious lesions has been introduced. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of traditional mechanical methods using burs and chemo-mechanical methods (Carisolv) of caries dentin. Mechanical caries removal was carried with low speed round bur. Chemo-mechanical caries excavation was performed with Carisolv (Medi-team), using the Carisolv hand instruments. The mean time to remove caries with two different methods was evaluated and the data analyzed with SPSS software (ver 11.5) by t-test (p < 0.05). For histomorphometry of caries removal were also carried with mechanical or chemo-mechanical (Carisolv) methods from 20 extracted caries permanent molars. Complete caries removal was verified with a #23 sharp explorers, Caries Detector (Kuraray Co. Japan), and standard apical radiography. 1. Chemo-mechanical method was taken more times than mechanical method (1.5 fold) (p < 0.05). 2. Excavation for caries took more time for molar lesion than premolar lesion, and the least time was taken to remove the caries in incisor lesion (p < 0.05). 3. There were no significant differences to remove the caries between the maxilla and mandible (p > 0.05). 4. The remaining carious dentin was detected after the chemo-mechanical removal of the carious dentin, and no smear layer were seen after the mechanical and chemo-mechanical removal of the carious dentin.
Anesthesia, Local ; Bicuspid ; Dental Caries ; Dentin* ; Hand ; Incisor ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Radiography ; Smear Layer ; Tooth

The authors analyzed and compared three prognostic factors of the intraparenchymal metastatic brain tumors, regardless of therapeutic modalities, to evaluate the value of time-interval between diagnosis of primary cancer and brain metastasis as a prognostic factor. Our of the 109 patients of metastatic brain tumor admitted to Kosin Medical College from 1984 to 1991, 93 patients were included in this retrospective study. The survival time of these patients was statistically evaluated according to each prognostic factor. The results were as follows. Patients with mild or no neurological deficits and patients with moderate neurological deficits showed longer survival than the patients with severe neurological deficits(P<0.001). The presence of systemic metastasis at the time of diagnosis also significantly shortened overall survival(P<0.0095). Primary-to-metastatic interval did not significantly affect overall survival(P<0.6164), but the patients with brain metastasis detected within 1 year after diagnosis of the primary cancer had a longer median survival than those detected after 1 year(P<0.001). We conclude that the primary-to-metastatic interval is not valuable as a prognostic factor for intraparenchymal metastatic brain tumor, and further prospective study tailored to each specific condition will be needed for more accurate evaluation of prognostic factors.
Brain Neoplasms ; Brain* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis is an uncommon disease, characterized by an inflammatory arthrosteitis of the sternocostoclavicular region. Clinically, it manifests as a painful swelling of the upper anterior chest wall, which is associated with occasional pustulosis palmaris and plantaris. A 48-year-old man had suffered from pain in both shoulders and the upper anterior part of the chest for 6 months. On examination, a venous engorgement in the neck with dilated collateral veins in the upper chest and shoulders was observed. Swelling was noticed in his face, neck and both arms. Radiologically, the clavicles, the sternum and the first ribs were enlarged with complete fusion between them. 99Tc scintigraphy showed increased uptake in the clavicles and the sternum. Selective venography resulted in a bilateral subclavian and brachiocephalic vein occulation, which resulted from a subclavian vein thrombosis. All the above suggested a sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis. He underwent a vascular graft interposition between the right jugular vein and the left innomianate vein (using 8mm ringed Gore-Tex graft) and a resection of the bilateral medial half of clavicle and 1st rib. Here, we present a case on sternoclavicular hyperostosis with subclavian and brachiocephalic vein thrombosis, and report this case study with a review of the appropriate literature.
Arm ; Brachiocephalic Veins ; Clavicle ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hyperostosis ; Hyperostosis, Sternocostoclavicular* ; Jugular Veins ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Phlebography ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Ribs ; Shoulder ; Sternum ; Subclavian Vein ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax ; Thrombosis ; Transplants ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-depressive effects of exercise on child and adolescent and its association with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). METHODS: Twenty nine middle school boys (age 13.3±0.7) were divided into two groups, 15 boys for control group and 14 in the experimental group. The control group participated in a regular exercise program, 3 times a week for 15 weeks. During the same period, the experimental group participated in an aerobic exercise program specifically designed to enhance anti-depressive effect of exercise. Serum BDNF level and its performance of each group on the Beck Depression Index (BDI), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Aggression Questionnaire (AK-Q), and Stroop task were compared before and after the exercise program. RESULTS: Scores of BDI, CDI, SCARED, and AK-Q were significantly lower in both groups after the exercise programs compared to those before the programs. The Stroop task performances were significantly improved after the programs. However, there were no significant differences between two exercise programs, except SCARED separation anxiety, AK-Q physical, and verbal aggression scores. Also, no association was found between serum BDNF level and anti-depressive effects of exercise. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results suggest a possible effect of exercise on depression, anxiety, aggression, and cognition of child and adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Aggression ; Anxiety ; Anxiety, Separation ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor* ; Child ; Cognition ; Depression ; Exercise ; Humans ; Task Performance and Analysis

The authors present a case of cerebrellar venous hemorrhagic infarction which developed after removal of a cerebellopontine angle meningioma. The clinical course was rapidly fatal inspite of an aggressive management including surgical decompression beginning from 30 minutes after complete recovery from anesthesia. The brain C-T scan showed flame-shaped subcortical hemorrhage which is known to be a typical finding of a venous hemorrhagic infarction. The causes may be two fold:One is the cautrization and resection of multiple petrosal veins which were inevitable because of a bleeding from the vein and the other is the venous congestion caused by the compression of an internal jugular vein in oblique supine position. Reminding of one or oth of the above possibilities whenever we are performing surgery around the superior petrosal vein may help us to prevent the rare but fatal complication of this kind.
Anesthesia ; Brain ; Cerebellopontine Angle* ; Decompression, Surgical ; Hemorrhage ; Hyperemia ; Infarction* ; Jugular Veins ; Meningioma ; Supine Position ; Veins