Both fibronectin and vitronectin bind to Pneumocystis carinii (P. carinii) and mediate the attachment of the organisms to respiratory epithelial cells. Surfactant A and D play a role in the interaction between P. carinii and host cells. In this study we examined the expression of fibronectin, vitronectin, surfactant-A and D in the interaction between P. carinii and alveolar epithelial cells by immunohistochemistry and pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. The experimental rat model of P. carinii pneumonia was induced by administration of low protein diet (8%) and drinking water containing dexamethasone (2 mg/liter) for 6 to 8 weeks. The primary antibodies for light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistries were monoclonal antibodies including fibronectin (1:100) and vitronectin (1:100), and polyclonal antibodies including surfactant A (1:50) and D (1:50), respectively. Light microscopic immunohistochemistry for the fibronectin, vitronectin, surfactant-A and D showed strong expressions on the P. carinii and surface linings of type I alveolar epithelial cells. The electron microscopic immunohistochemistry of the fibronectin and vitronectin showed a strong immunoexpression along the surface pellicles and tubular extensions of P. carinii trophozoites, and surface membranes of the type I epithelial cells. The surfactant-A and D proteins showed a strong expression on the pellicles of P. carinii and surface membranes of the type I epithelial cells, but a weak expression on the free-floating surfactant materials. In conclusions, the trophozoites of P. carinii were mostly attached to type I epithelial cells. The fibronectin, vitronectin, surfactant-A and D were strongly expressed, and played an enhancing role in the binding between the P. carinii organisms and the type I alveolar epithelial cells.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Dexamethasone ; Diet, Protein-Restricted ; Drinking Water ; Epithelial Cells* ; Fibronectins* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Membranes ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Models, Animal ; Pneumocystis carinii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis* ; Trophozoites ; Vitronectin*

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy in western nations with serious health problem, and it has become the leading cause of cancer death of males, second only to stomach cancer, in Korea. A review of the histopathology of 1363 cases (1231 patients) of lung carcinoma, diagnosed at the Keimyung University Medical center from 1987 to 1996, was performed to reclassify the type of carcinomas and to investigate the change in the distribution of histologic types of lung carcinoma according to age, sex and year. Among the 1363 cases, 132 patients underwent a surgical operation after biopsy. The diagnosis of each case was proven by histopathologic analysis of surgical specimens (13.2%) and biopsy materials (86.8%). The histologic types in our study were basically based on modified WHO classification (1982) and on new WHO classification (1999). The classification of small cell carcinoma was based on International Association for the Small Cell Lung Cancer (IASLC, 1988). Of the 1231 patients with lung carcinoma, 1012 were male and 219 were female (male to female ratio was 3.6:1). According to the analysis of age distribution, the most prevalent age group was 60~69 years in both sex as (n=516, 42.0%). Changing trends in sex distribution of lung carcinoma patients showed that the proportion of men had decreased throughout the years, whereas the proportion of women had significantly increased. Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (n=624, 50.7%), followed by small cell carcinoma (21.1%), adenocarcinoma (18.1%), large cell undifferentiated carcinoma (2.1%), adenosquamous carcinoma (0.4%), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (0.4%), in order of frequency. In men, squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent type (55.1%). In women, adenocarcinoma was the most frequent type (39.7%). In both sexes, adenocarcinoma was the most common type in patients under the age of 40 (n=12, 41.4%), while squamous cell carcinoma proved the most frequent type in patients over the age of 40 (n=617, 51.3%). Changing trends of histologic types of lung cancer showed that the incidences of squamous cell carcinoma had significantly decreased throughout the years, whereas those of adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma had increased. In conclusion, the results showing increases in the percentage of female patients and in the number of cases of adenocarcinoma were noteworthy, and well correlated with other related reports.
Academic Medical Centers ; Adenocarcinoma ; Age Distribution ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Male ; Sex Distribution ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Stomach Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Ductus Arteriosus* ; Indomethacin*

Alveolar macrophages participate in the host defense against P. carinii, but the mechanisms in degradation and clearance of the organism from lung has not been well established. We observed the transmission and scanning electron microscopic features and evaluated the expression of TNF-alpha and Surfactant-D in the interaction of P. carinii with alveolar macrophages. Expression of TNF-alpha and Surfactant-D in the experimentally induced P. carinii pneumonia in rat was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. Electron microscopically, the alveolar macrophages phagocytized trophozoites and cysts of P. carinii micro-organisms. Immunohistochemically TNF-alpha was strongly expressed in the cytoplasms of alveolar macrophages. Postembedding immunogold labeling for Surfactant-D protein was expressed on the pellicles of trophozoites and cysts, P. carinii micro-organisms in the cytoplasms of macrophages, free floating surfactant materials and multilamellar bodies of type II epithelial cells. We conclude that alveolar macrophages interacted with P. carinii micro-organisms respond with increased expression of TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha may bind to P. carinii and exert a direct toxic effect upon the micro-organisms. Surfactant-D protein may augment binding of P. carinii to the alveolar macrophages and enhance the clearance of the micro-organisms.
Animals ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Alveolar* ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Pneumocystis carinii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis* ; Rats ; Trophozoites ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy and rhythmic exercise on health related quality of life, blood pressure and upper extremity muscle strength in the institution-dwelling elderly women. METHODS: The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants consisted of 35 elders (18 in the experimental group and 17 in the control group). The music therapy and rhythmic exercise were developed by the investigators. The experimental group took part in this program twice a week for 8 weeks. The Short Form 36 health survey questionnaire, blood pressure and grasp power scale were used as instruments. The data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that music therapy and rhythmic exercise had positive effects on quality of life, especially on vitality, general health and mental health. Also, there were statistically significant differences in diastolic blood pressure and upper extremity muscle strength between the pretest and posttest in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that this program can be applied for older women in long-term facilities to improve quality of life, blood pressure and upper extremity muscle strength.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Pressure/*physiology ; *Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Muscle Strength/*physiology ; *Music Therapy ; Nursing Homes ; Program Evaluation ; *Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on osteoarthritis in Korean. METHOD: Data from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANESIV-3, 2009) were obtained, and 1,116 subjects who responded certainly yes or no to the question for osteoarthritis were selected. Data were analyzed chi2-test, t-test, and binary logistic regression using the SPSS V18.0. RESULTS: Significant differences in gender, age, menopause, weight, BMI, frequency of walk, days of flexibility exercise, days of strength training, and limitation of activity were found between subjects with osteoarthritis and non-osteoarthritis. Age and BMI were found to be risk factors for osteoarthritis in Korean. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that nursing intervention should include weight control program for the obesity patient in order to reduce the prevalence of osteoarthritis.
Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Menopause ; Obesity ; Osteoarthritis ; Pliability ; Prevalence ; Resistance Training ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean aged 50 years and above. METHODS: Data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1, 2010) were obtained and 2,773 subjects who got bone density test and were classified “normal, osteopenia or osteoporosis” were selected. Data were analyzed χ² test, ANOVA, Scheffé test and logistic regression using the SAS 9.4. RESULTS: Gender, age, days of flexibility exercise, vitamin D in blood and weight were found to be influencing factors for osteoporosis in Korean aged 50 years and above. Gender. age and smoking were found to be influencing factors for osteopenia in Korean aged 50 years and above. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that nursing intervention should include exercise promotion, intake vitamin D, smoking cessation and weight control program in order to reduce the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia.
Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic* ; Logistic Models ; Nursing ; Nutrition Surveys ; Osteoporosis* ; Pliability ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation ; Vitamin D

PURPOSE: This study was to compare the predictive validity of Norton Scale(1962), Cubbin & Jackson Scale(1991), and Song & Choi Scale(1991). METHOD: Data were collected three times per week from 48-72hours after admission based on the four pressure sore risk assessment scales and a skin assessment tool for pressure sore on 112 intensive care unit(ICU) patients in a educational hospital Ulsan during Dec, 11, 2000 to Feb, 10, 2001. Four indices of validity and area under the curve(AUC) of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) were calculated. RESULT: Based on the cut off point presented by the developer, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value were as follows : Norton Scale : 97%, 18%, 35%, 93% respectively; Cubbin & Jackson Scale : 89%, 61%, 51%, 92%, respectively; and Song & Choi Scale : 100%, 18%, 36%, 100% respectively. Area under the curves(AUC) of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) were Norton Scale .737, Cubbin & Jackson Scale .826, Song & Choi Scale .683. CONCLUSION: The Cubbin & Jackson Scale was found to be the most valid pressure sore risk assessment tool. Further studies on patients with chronic conditions may be helpful to validate this finding.

Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme are separated 5 fractions (LD1-LD5) in normal serum by agarose electrophoresis. An unusual band on the cathodic side of LD5 isoenzyme has been found on lactate dehydrogenase electrophoresis is of serum, called LD6, and the presence of which signifies a poor prognosis for the patients of myocardial infarction. In recent, we have experienced LD6 in two patients with myocardial infarction. Cardiac arrest was noted within 24 hours after exhibition of LD6 extra band and they did not recover from their illness.
Electrophoresis ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prognosis ; Sepharose

Body fluid Lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme Measurement was performed in 132 patients: 8 cases with peritonitis, 21 cases with malignant ascites, 43 cases with liver cirrhosis, 48 cases with tuberculous pleuritis, 12 cases with malignant pleural effusion respectively. Body fluid protein and glucose contents, red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, cytologic examination were also performed as a comparative study. The results were as follows: 1. Measurement of total LD and protein amount could differentiate between transudate and exudates in the ascitic fluids. 2. In the malignant exudate of ascites and pleural fluid, the activity of LD2 isoenzyme was statistically increased compared with that of inflammatory exudates and the activity of LD4 isoenzyme was also incereased compared with that of serum (P<0.05). 3. The inflammatory exudates of pleural fluid and ascites demonstrated the increase of LD5 isoenzyme activity statistically compared with that of serum and malignant exudates (P<0.05). 4. A difference of total LD activity between malignant ascites and inflammatory ascites was significant statistically, while this was not observed in the pleural exudate. 5. Total LD and LD5 isoenzyme activity didn't correlated with the number of white blood cells in the exudate.
Ascites ; Ascitic Fluid ; Body Fluids* ; Erythrocyte Count ; Exudates and Transudates ; Glucose ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lactic Acid* ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Peritonitis ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; Pleurisy