The prolapse of a fallopian tube into the vagina is a rare complication of hysterectomy. We recently experienced a case of tubal prolapse after a laparoscopic hysterectomy in a 44-year-old woman. The vaginal examination showed a polypoid mass in the vaginal apex. Microscopically, the mass had the typical appearance of a fallopian tube with chronic inflammation. The cytologic finding of a vaginal vault smear was also described.
Adult ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Inflammation ; Prolapse* ; Vagina

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the influence of workplace violence on anger and post traumatic stress disorder among nurses. METHODS: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using a random sampling. Data collection was done using self-questionnaire with 477 nurses. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi2-test and logistics regression. RESULTS: The incidences of total violence, verbal, physical, and sexual violence were 31.2%, 28.7%, 6.3%, 3.6% of the nurses, respectively. Anger was significantly associated with verbal violence (OR: 2.34, CI: 1.40~3.91) and physical violence (OR:4.85 CI: 1.67~14.13). Post traumatic stress disorder was significantly associated with verbal violence (OR: 15.99, CI: 9.58~26.69) and physical violence (OR: 5.37, CI: 1.66~17.40). CONCLUSION: To promote psychological health in nurses, there is a need to develop prevention programs to decrease workplace violence and to develop programs supporting psychological aspects of verbal violence that nurses experience.
Anger ; Data Collection ; Incidence ; Sex Offenses ; Stress Disorders, Traumatic ; Violence

No abstract available.
Antigens, Viral, Tumor* ; Simian virus 40*

No abstract available.

Responses of mouse lymphocytes to the soybean paste fermented by Korean traditional fashion was examined to clarify its effects in cytokine production in vitro. A fraction of the soybean paste (KFSP-100) was prepared by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and by filtration through ultrafiltration membrane. KFSP-100 were added into cultures of fresh mouse splenic cells in vitro. KFSP-100 significantly enhanced the amount of IL-6 and TNF-a produced by macrophages and IL-6 and IFN-r produced by lymphocytes. Production of IL-12 by macrophages was not much affected by KFSP-100 treatments. The most noticeable finding was the fact that lymphocytes treated with KFSP-100 proliferated to an exceeding numbers (more than 10 times to the control) in 72 hours. The KFSP-100-induced proliferative response was specific to B cells since almost all of the KFSP-100-induced cells in the cultures of splenic cells were B cells. Furthermore, such a proliferative responses were equally observed only in cultures of purified B cells but not in cultures of T cells. In thermostability test, the biologically active components of the KFSP-100 is assumed to be either linear protein or glycoprotein. KFSP-100 did not induce agglutination of lymphocytes demonstrated by lectins in the same cells. These observations suggest that KFSP-100 may be a novel mitogen for B lymphocytes. The component (s) responsible for the B cell proliferation in KFSP-100 might be a factor gained by natural fermentation. None of the fractions of not fermented soybean paste prepared by the same methods demonstrate the same effect.
Agglutination ; Ammonium Sulfate ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cell Proliferation ; Fermentation ; Filtration ; Glycoproteins ; Immunologic Factors* ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-6 ; Lectins ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Membranes ; Mice ; Soybeans* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Ultrafiltration

We have used BALB/c mice as an animal model for the study of anaphylactic hypersensitivity to the house dust mite. For the sensitization, BALB/c mice were injected with a single dose of extracts of Oermatophagoides farinae (D. pa) or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pt) mixed with adjuvants (aluminum hydroxide and Bordetella pertussis) intraperitonealy. On days of 15, 30, and 60 after the sensitization, the mice received a challenge dose of the same allergen intravenously to induce anaphylactic shock. The hypersensitivity reactions were scored by anaphylactic shock. And various immunological parameters, including cytokines and immunoglobulin isotypes, were studied in relation with the shock. A high level of anaphylactic shock was produced in the mice by both of the allergens, D, fa and D, pt, at 15 and 30 days after sensitization. In vitro Ag specific proliferative reponses of spleen cells from D. pt treated mice (D. pt mice) was six times higher than those from O. fa treated mice (O. fa mice). Regardless the differences in antigens, the production of IFN-r by spleen cells from D. pt mice or O. fa mice was equally high at 15 days after sensitization. However, the ability to produce IFN-r by the spleen cells from D, pt mice was three times higher compared to that from D. fa mice. The production of IL-4 by the spleen cells was enhanced slightly but not significant in both groups. In studies of the allergen-specific immunoglobulin isotypes in the sera of the mice, the level of IgE in both groups was enhanced slightly but not significant. In contrast, the level of IgG subtypes were increased in both groups. When the levels of IgG were compared by subtypes, the level of IgG1 increased significantly on day 15 when the anaphylactic shock score was maximized in both groups. Increase in IgG2a level at the day was not significant, instead, asignificant increase in IgG2 levels was observed on day 60 after sensitization when the anaphylaxis was almost discontinued. Although a higher level of IgG3 was examined on day 15 and 30 in D. pt mice and on day 60 in D, fa mice, anaphylaxis was not appeared to be associated with the levels of IgG3 in this study. The IgG1, rather than IgE, was assumed to the major factor involved in the anaphylactic response observed in this experiment. In conclusion, BALB/c mice would be an animal model for the study of anaphylactic hypersensitivity to D. fa or D, pt., which might be an essential tool for the future development of immuno-therapeutic agents.
Mice ; Animals

No abstract available.
Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous*

This study was conducted to investigate quality attributes which could affect foodservic satisfaction by the year (2005, 2008, 2011) and dining area (classroom vs. dining hall) in order to find ways to improve school lunch service and foodservice satisfaction of middle school students. The numbers of those surveyed were 1,103 students in 2005, 1,917 students in 2008, and 1,921 students in 2011. Overall foodservice satisfaction was significantly increased gradually in dining hall food service: 3.29 +/- 1.21 in 2005, 3.45 +/- 1.00 in 2008, 3.94 +/- 0.98 in 2011. In classroom food service, overall foodservice satisfaction was not significantly different between in 2005 (3.09 +/- 0.97) and in 2008 (2.98 +/- 1.02), but it was significantly increased in 2011 (4.05 +/- 1.00). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that overall foodservice satisfaction was most affected by the taste of food. The importance of 11 quality attributes except food sanitation and gathering feedback on school meals was significantly increased in 2011 compared with 2005. Food sanitation among 13 attributes was most important attribute in 2005 and 2011. The numbers of quality attributes affecting students' overall foodservice satisfaction were 5 to 7 by year, those attributes were almost identical with attributes which students thought importantly. Therefore, in order to increase the overall foodservice satisfaction of the school lunch service continually, it is recommended to identify the quality attributes that are important to students, and to check their levels of performance in order to overcome their differences.
Food Services ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Sanitation

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to identify the effect of self-foot reflexology on the relief of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in high school girls. METHOD: Study subjects was 236 women residing in the community, teachers and nurses who were older than 45 were recruited. Data was collected with self administered questionnaires from July 1st to August 31st, 2003 and analysed using SPSS/WIN 10.0 with Xtest, t-test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression at a significant level of =.05. RESULT: The breast cancer screening rate was 57.2%, and repeat screening rate was 15.3%. With the multiple logistic regression analysis, factors associated with mammography screening were age and perceived barriers of action, and factors related to the repeat mammography screening were education level and other cancer screening experience. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we recommend the development of an intervention program to decrease the perceived barrier of action, to regard mammography as an essential test in regular check-up, and to giveactive advertisement and education to the public to improve the rates of breast cancer screening and repeat screening.
Adolescent ; Dysmenorrhea/*therapy ; Female ; *Foot ; Humans ; *Massage ; Premenstrual Syndrome/*therapy

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to identify the effect of self-foot reflexology on the relief of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in high school girls. METHOD: Study subjects was 236 women residing in the community, teachers and nurses who were older than 45 were recruited. Data was collected with self administered questionnaires from July 1st to August 31st, 2003 and analysed using SPSS/WIN 10.0 with Xtest, t-test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression at a significant level of =.05. RESULT: The breast cancer screening rate was 57.2%, and repeat screening rate was 15.3%. With the multiple logistic regression analysis, factors associated with mammography screening were age and perceived barriers of action, and factors related to the repeat mammography screening were education level and other cancer screening experience. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we recommend the development of an intervention program to decrease the perceived barrier of action, to regard mammography as an essential test in regular check-up, and to giveactive advertisement and education to the public to improve the rates of breast cancer screening and repeat screening.
Adolescent ; Dysmenorrhea/*therapy ; Female ; *Foot ; Humans ; *Massage ; Premenstrual Syndrome/*therapy