This study aimed to identify the educational needs of people with type 2 diabetes according to risk perceptions and the level of severity of complications.

The purpose of this study was to survey basic data for management of elderly day care centers. In this study. occupation. leisure life. and food. clothing and habituation. as well as social relationship. health state and behavior. and general characteristics of subjects were examined to identify the factors affecting their cognition. need and preference of the day care centers. The subjects of this study were 392 elderly. aged 60 years or over. living in Gangnung and neighboring districts. Data were collected by educated interviewers from November 4 through Novemver 22, 2002. The subjects were interviewed face to face. one for one after the interviewee's agreements on the survey. The collected data were analysed with logistic regression analysis by SAS (statistical analysis system). Logistic regression analysis was done to identify affecting factors for cognition. need and preference of the elderly day care centers. The major findings are as follows: 1. The factors affecting cognition for care centers were analysed. The the day subjects with an occupation and a lower satisfaction level of living environment and friendship. who were economically secure enough to manage a sudden accident. showed a higher level of cognition of the day care centers. The subjects with a higher level of mental health state and a lower level of IADL also showed a higher level of cognition. On the general characteristics younger female subjects showed a higher level of cognition. 2. The subjects with a lower level of perceived economic condition who did not own their housing and were not economically safe enough to manage a sudden accident. had showed a higher level of need for the day care centers. It showed that the subjects with a high level of mental health state. a bad eye sight and dental condition. a good perceived health condition. and a lower level of IADL. needed the centers. 3. The subjects who had an occupation, however, not capable of making their own daily expenses. and a low occupation satisfaction level. and who did not own their housing. and were economically poor not enough to manage a sudden accident. showed a higher preference for the day care centers. The subjects with higher levels of friendship satisfaction and perceived health condition. not living with their spouse. and a higher education level, showed a higher preference for the centers. In conclusion. the common factors affecting their cognition. need and preference of the day care centers were occupation, economic security enough to manage accidents. and friendship satisfaction level. Especially, the subjects who had an occupation, however. not economically secure enough to manage accidents. and who did not live in their own housing with a good perceived health condition, showed high levels of need and preference for the day care centers. These results can be used as basic data to develop the efficient elderly day care centers, thus contribute to the elderly welfare in a local community.
Aged* ; Clothing ; Cognition ; Day Care, Medical* ; Education ; Female ; Friends ; Gangwon-do ; Housing ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Occupations ; Spouses

The objective of this study was to apply a dementia prevention program to the subjects who were suspected of dementia and test its effect. This study was one group pretest-posttest design. The dementia prevention program was applied for 20 weeks to the 19 subjects who were suspected of dementia after a screen test among 638 subjects enrolled in 10 senior citizen's centers in G city. The scores of measured before and after the program. The data collected were analyzed using a SPSS (statistical analysis system) program, and frequencies, averages and standard deviations were obtained. The differences of the scores of the pretest and posttest were analyzed with Mann-Whitney test and sign test. The results were as follows: 1. After the program, the average score of self-efficacy was increased from 75.31 (standard deviation 11.99) to 84.26 (standard deviation 13.92). 2. There are no differences between the average scores of physical and psychological quality of life, however, the average score of social quality of life was slightly increased from 2.25 (standard deviation 0.40) to 2.53 (standard deviation 0.43), and the overall score of social quality of life was low. 3. The average score of cognition was significantly increased from 21.00 (standard deviation 2.60) to 24.58 (standard deviation 3.37), thus, it was found that the program was effective to improve the cognition level. 4. The score differences of self-efficacy, quality of life, cognition between the pretest and posttest were statistically significant. 5. The score differences of quality of life between the pretest and posttest were found to be dependent on marital status, exercise and regular chechup yes or no. In conclusion, the program was effective to prevent the subjects suspected of dementia from dementia.
Cognition ; Dementia* ; Marital Status ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the predictors of depression and coping and the correlation between depression and use of coping among breast cancer patients in Korea. METHODS: Of 1,250 eligible breast cancer patients attending Yonsei University Severance Hospital, 1,160 completed our surveys. Depression and coping were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and Korean Cancer Coping Questionnaire. Socio-demographic characteristics were included in the survey and medical factors were compiled by reviewing each patient's medical chart. RESULTS: Education, economic status, the level of daily activities, menopause and the type of surgery significantly predicted depression. Age, education, economic status, time since surgery, the level of daily activities, and menopause were significant predictors for personal coping; marriage, education, economic status, time since surgery, the surgical method and radiotherapy significantly predicted interpersonal coping. Personal coping and interpersonal coping had significant negative correlations with depression. CONCLUSION: Many factors are significant predictors but education and economic status are the most significant and consistent predictors for both depression and coping in breast cancer patients. Psychosocial intervention should be planned according to different characteristics of breast cancer patients, in order to reduce depression and enhance effective coping.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Marriage ; Menopause

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the validity of standardized Korean nomenclature of the Home Health Care Classification(HHCC), developed by Saba at the University of Georgetown. The four phases of the study were : (1) Two professors and 15 graduate students, who were taking a nursing intervention course, translated the HHCC into Korean. (2)12 nurses with various clinical backgrounds reviewed each nomenclature taking into consideration of the definition and activities, and the Delphi method was used to determine the best appropriate nomenclature for each term; (3)20 academic and clinical experts in nursing were given a questionnaire to rate the validity of each Korean nomenclature using a 5 point Likert scale ranging from very inappropriate to very appropriate; (4) Five members of the Korean Nurses Association Research Committee reviewed the survey results and determined the most appropriate Korean nomenclature for each term of the HHCC. Most of the nomenclatures had a score of more than 4.0, but several terms had a score lower than 4.0. They are Ambulation therapy(3.1.1), Anticipatory grieving(3.11), Sexual patterns alteration(3.17), Nursing care coordination(3. 22), Physical therapist service(3.22), Regular diet(3.33), and Instrumental activities of daily living(3.44). These research results will be included in the nursing vocabulary dictionary to be published by the Korean Nurses Association.
Classification* ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Physical Therapists ; Vocabulary ; Walking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

To evaluate the predictive value of serum fibronectin and roll-over test for pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), we studies 79 patients between the twenty-eighth and thirty-second week of gestation from October 1995 to May 1996. The results were as follows . 1) There was no significant difference of mean diastolic pressure difference in roll-over test and serum fibronectin levels between 13 PIH patients and 66 controls. Between two groups of patients, mean diastolic blood pressure differences were 14.3+/-3.9mmHg, 12.0+/-4.4mmHg and mean serum fibronectin levels were 231.2+/-90.8 pg/ml, 196.5+/-61.2 pg/ml respectively(p> 0.1). 2) For prediction of PIH, the sensitivity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of roll-over test were 8%, 14% and 83%.
Blood Pressure ; Female ; Fibronectins* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

OBJECTIVES: Although there have been increasing researches into a variety of aspects associated with women's cancer, most of them are not based on cancer survivor's subjective perspectives but on pathologic and therapists' point of view. This qualitative study explores how women experience living with cancer and aims to construct the dimensions of their existential experiences from their perspectives. METHODS: Focus groups and individual in-depth interviews were conducted to 17 patients who have been surgically treated with breast cancer or gynecologic cancer and attending the outpatient clinic in Yonsei University Severance Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed following constant comparison method by Strauss and Corbin. RESULTS: Four major categories were explored by analysis as follows: continuing a fight for life, alienation from the healthy world, women's distinctiveness, and existential transition. Related subjects and concepts by each category were described. CONCLUSION: This study shows that women with cancer experience the meaning of cancer not as a pathological process but as an adaptational process where the concept of health and dysfunction coexisted. It is suggested that oncologic medical team should approach women with cancer based on the bio-psycho-social model considering the whole dimension of patients' experiences.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Breast Neoplasms ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of unmet needs among breast cancer survivors, to assess the relationships between unmet needs and depression and quality of life, and to explore the extent to which unmet needs of breast cancer patients relate to the time elapsed since surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 1,250 eligible patients who participated in the study, 1,084 cases (86.7%) were used for analysis. Clinicopathological and social parameters were reviewed and the Supportive Care Needs Survey, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast cancer instrument, and Beck Depression Inventory were administered. The frequency of unmet needs, the association between unmet needs and depression and/or quality of life (QOL) and the impact of the time elapsed since surgery on the patients' unmet needs were analyzed. RESULTS: The highest levels of unmet needs were found to be in the health system and information domain. Patients with a survival duration of less than 1 year since surgery showed significantly higher unmet needs in all need domains except the sexuality domain (p<0.001) than participants in the other groups. Patients with a survival duration of 1-3 years also experienced significantly higher psychological and information needs than long-term survivors (>5 years). In addition, unmet needs were significantly associated with depression (p<0.001) and QOL (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that long-term breast cancer survivors had a significantly lower level of unmet needs than patients with survival duration of less than 3 years after surgery and patients with survival duration of less than 1 year since surgery suffered the greatest unmet needs. QOL might be enhanced if interventions are made for specific unmet needs of each patient group.
Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*mortality/*psychology/surgery ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/diagnosis/mortality ; Female ; Health Services Accessibility/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Needs Assessment/*statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; *Quality of Life ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; *Social Support

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the supportive needs of breast cancer patients and determine the socio-demographic and clinicopathological predictors of those unmet needs. METHODS: Of 302 eligible breast cancer patients, attending Yonsei University Severance Hospital, 250 completed the surveys. The supportive care needs were assessed by administering a Supportive Care Needs Survey. RESULTS: Of the ten highest perceived needs items, 7 items were related to the health system and information domain and 2 to the psychological domain. The univariate analysis in each domain showed education (P=0.083) and chemotherapy (P=0.042) were significant predictors in the psychological domain; education (0=0.000), time since surgery (P=0.009), node metastasis (0.022), chemotherapy (P=0.001) and radiation therapy (P=0.003) in the physical and daily living domain; age (P=0, 009) and duration of marriage (P= 0.004) for sexuality; node metastasis (P=0.048), TNM stage (P=0.036), and recurrence (P=0.010) in the health system and information domain and religion (P=0.016) in the care and support domain. A multivariate analysis showed age (P=0.0253) and chemotherapy (P=0.0517) as significant independent predictors in the sexuality domain; education (P=0.0010), chemotherapy (P=0.0011), radiation therapy (P= 0.0133) and time since surgery (P=0.036) in the physical and daily living domain; recurrence (P=0.0324) in the health system and information; domain and education (P=0.0134) and chemotherapy (P=0.0207) in psychological domain. CONCLUSION: Breast cancer patients experience high levels of unmet supportive needs across each domain, but especially in the health systems and information domain. Also, the types of needs varied according to the patient subgroups. This study suggests considerable improvements be made in terms of supportive care of breast cancer patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Humans ; Marriage ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Sexuality

PURPOSE: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to explore and evaluate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on quality of life in breast cancer patients according to the survival time from surgery. METHODS: Completed questionnaires were collected from 534 women with breast cancer. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were reviewed and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast cancer instrument, global quality of life, Beck Depression Inventory, and unmet sexuality needs were administered. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests and multiple analysis of covariance were performed while controlling for confounding variables. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between chemotherapy and no chemotherapy group on depression (p=0.026), unmet sexuality needs (p=0.010), breast cancer specific concerns (p=0.010), physical well-being (p=0.001), and emotional well-being (p=0.028). Chemotherapy effects also varied according to survival time since surgery such as for group 1 (<1 year since surgery), significant differences were found on Beck Depression Inventory (p=0.042), unmet sexuality needs (p=0.016), breast cancer subscale (p=0.004), and physical well-being (p=0.016) and for group 3 (>3 years since surgery) on depression (p=0.019) and physical well-being (p=0.028) respectively; however, there were no significant differences between chemotherapy and no chemotherapy group for group 2 (1-3 years since surgery). CONCLUSION: As expected, breast cancer patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy experienced significantly worse quality of life than those who did not receive chemotherapy. Furthermore, the adverse chemotherapy effects on the quality of life appear to vary according to the time since surgery. These results suggest that health care professionals may need to address long-term as well as short-term chemotherapy side-effects and intervene accordingly to enhance quality of life of breast cancer patients.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Sexuality ; Survivors ; Surveys and Questionnaires