No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Menopause* ; Obesity* ; Pregnancy*

Necleolar organizer regions(NORs) ARE LOOPS OF DNA which transcribe to ribosomal RNA by RNA polymerase I. Since NOR-associated proteins are argyrophilic, silver staining method has been used for demonstration of AgNORs. The numbers and/or configurations of NORs may reflect the activities of cells in hyperplastic and neoplastic conditions. To evaluated the applicability of AgNORs in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, the author had performed silver staining on the routinely processed, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 14 cases of normal liver(control), 23 cirrhotic liver, and 21 hepatocellular carcinoma. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus(mAgNOR) of normal liver, cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma was 1.45+/-0.07, 2.53+/-0.38 and 5.52+/-1.63, respectively. The difference of mAgNOR between normal and cirrhotic liver, and between cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma was statistically significant, respectively(p<0.01). 2) The percentage of nuclei showing five or more AgNORs per nucleus(pAgNOR) was 0.07% in normal liver, 7.59% in cirrhotic liver, and 60.49% in hepatocellular carcinoma. 3) AgNORs in hepatocellular carcinoma were large, pleomorphic and irregularly clumped, in addition to increase of mAgNOR and high pAgNOR. In conclusion, the increase of mAgNOR, high pAgNOR and large, irregular AgNORs are regarded as an additional helpful finding for the histopathological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of oral vitamin C supplements on blood sugar and serum lipid level (total cholesterol, triglyceride. high density lipoprotein. low density lipoprotein) in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from June 24 to August 31. 2001. The ninty-five research subject were assigned to experimental group(51) and control group(44). Vitamin C(3g/day) was given to 51 subjects for 4 weeks. Following a 12h overnight fasting, blood sample was obstaind at baseline and at the end of 4week - supplementation. Blood samples were taken for plasma vitamin C concentration. fasting blood sugar. HbA1c and serum lipid level. The pre-equivalent test was used by Chi-squre, t-test and two group's pre and post experimental differences were analyzed by t-tset to compare with each other. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The difference between the two groups in plasma vitamin C concentration was significant(t=-12.950. p=.000). 2. The difference between the two groups in fasting blood sugar was significant(t=5.293, p=.000). 3. The difference between the two groups in HbA1c was not significant(t=1.758. p= .082). 4. The difference between the two groups in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL was significant (t=3.786. p=.000 ; t=-5.515. p=.000 . t= 4.169. p = .000). These results suggest that megadose vitamin C supplementation be effective in lowering fasting blood sugar. serum lipids and increasing plasma vitamin C. Thus dietary measures to increase plasma vitamin C may be on important health strategy for reducing the compliance of diabetic patients.
Ascorbic Acid* ; Blood Glucose* ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Compliance ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Fasting ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Plasma ; Research Subjects ; Triglycerides ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Indomethacin* ; Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of patients who were recipients of decision-making DNR, to describe the situations of DNR, and to analyze the APACHE III and MOF scores. METHOD: Data collection was conducted through reviews of medical records of 51 patients and through interviews with families of patients who were decision-makers for DNR at C university K Hospital located in Seoul from April to September 2002. RESULTS: The men's APACHE III and MOF scores were higher than the women's and the non cancer patients were higher than cancer patients. Some 80.4% of DNR orders was by communication, while 11.8% of consents were written. Each of APACHE III and MOF scores of patients in the intensive care unit was higher than the patients in general ward at both points of admission and decision-making of DNR. APACHE III and MOF scores positively correlated statistically with each other. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that APACHE III and MOF scores be useful for decision-making of DNR as a tool measuring severity.
APACHE* ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Medical Records ; Patients' Rooms ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of changes on the score of nausea/vomiting and anxiety during one cycle of chemotherapy. METHOD: A total of 53 subjects who were admitted to C University Hospital for a period of 3 days and 2 nights for chemotherapy were selected from February to April, 2003. Total scores of nausea/vomiting were measured twice a day 3 days for a total of 6 measurements. Anxiety, anorexia, and fatigue were also measured at the first and last measurement points. Data were analyzed by one-way repeated measures, ANOVA, t-test, paired t-test, & Pearson's correlation. RESULT: The score of nausea/vomiting increased over time except for the 4th measurement point but no changes were significant over time. There were the significant differences between 1st and 2nd, and 2nd and 3rd nausea/vomiting score at p < 0.05. The scores of anxiety, anorexia, and fatigue between the first and 6th points were significantly different(t=-5.69, p=.001; t=6.25, p=.0001; t=3.65, p=.0007). CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to identify the relationship between anxiety, and anticipatory and acute nausea/vomiting respectively.
Anorexia ; Anxiety* ; Drug Therapy* ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Nausea ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the influence of organization and community job embeddedness on turnover intention of nurses in small and medium sized general hospitals. METHODS: The participants, 333 nurses, were recruited from small and medium sized general hospitals in Korea. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires on job-embeddedness and turnover intention and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA and Scheffé', Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS 18.0 program. RESULTS: The score for job embeddedness and it's 6 factors, and turnover intention were above 3 on a 5 point scale with the exception of organizational sacrifice. There was a significant difference in turnover intention according to age, marital status, salary, and position. There were significant negative correlations between the 6 factors of job embeddedness and turnover intention. Variables entered in multiple regression showed that organizational sacrifice, organizational fit and age were significant contributing factors to turnover intention. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that there is a need for strategies to enhance job embeddedness, especially organization sacrifice and organization fit. These factors should be developed and used to decrease turnover intention of nurses in small and medium sized general hospitals.
Hospitals, General* ; Intention* ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Marital Status ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits

Primary phycomycosis of the stomach within the ulcerative portion of early gastric carcinoma is presented in a sixty one year old male alcoholics. In the center of IIc type submucosal adenocarcinoma was a large deep ulcer (UL-IV) which was the only seat of phycomycetes infection accompanied with angioinvasion and exudative endovasculitis aside from unusual granuloma formation with Splendore Hoeppli phenomenon and eosinophilic response as in allergic granulomatous aspergillosis. The above features were reconstructed to indicate that the phycomycetes infection was confined to the type III area of IIc + III early gastric carcinoma, and that the local ulcerogenic lesion seems more contributory in its development than systemic factors including gastric carcinoma per se or alcoholic consumption.
Male ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

Low back pain patients an controls of shipyard workers were surveyed between June 1995 and september 1995 to identify risk factors of industrial low back pain. The patients were 17 male workers who had got medical treatment for over 3 days because of industrial back pain controls were 51 male workers who had not have musculoskeletal disorder for one year before the survey. By univariate analysis, the workers who did overtime work 4 times or more for the last 2 weeks showed odds ratio of 3.67 on low back pain with the workers who did less overtime work. Carrying heavy materials was also associated with the low back pain and the odds ratio increased with the increase of carrying weight. work space and work posture were not associated with the low back pain significantly. The welder had higher odds ratio than the other workers on low back pain. The duration of employment and job satisfaction did not affect the risk of low back pain. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that frequency of overtime work for the last 2 weeks and carrying heavy materials among the risk factors were associated significantly with the low back pain. We found that important risk factors of low back pain of shipyard workers are work intensity factors such as overtime work and carrying heavy weight.
Back Pain ; Employment ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Logistic Models ; Low Back Pain* ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Posture ; Risk Factors*