This study was performed to estimate the effect of alphacalcidol supplementation or nutrition education on the nutrient intakes, bone mineral density and bone markers in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The 90 CAPD subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups (alphacalcidol group: AG, nutrition education group: NG, and control group: CG). Alphacalcidol supplementation(0.5 microgram/day) was carried out for 8 months. Nutrition counseling was performed according to the patient's individual question for the first 6 months and scheduled nutrition education with individual counseling was carried out for the last 2 months. In baseline data, there were no significant differences in age, sex, family number, education years and monthly income except the NG showed significantly less duration of CAPD (p <0.05) compared to other two groups. After intervention all three groups showed tendency of lower intakes. NG revealed less decrease in protein, especially in animal protein, calcium from Ca-P binder, dietary calcium, dietary iron and niacin. NG showed significantly more increase in dry weight (p <0.05) and AG in waist circumference (p <0.001) after intervention. The groups did not show significant differences in the changes of biochemical indices related to bone metabolism. NG revealed more increase in trochanter BMD (p <0.05) compared to other two groups. It seems that nutrition education is more effective in preventing deterioration or improving the bone and general nutrition status.
Animals ; Bone Density* ; Calcium ; Calcium, Dietary ; Counseling ; Education* ; Femur ; Humans ; Iron, Dietary ; Metabolism ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Waist Circumference

This study was performed to investigated the difference in the nutritional status of normal children and children with suboptimal iron status. Two hundred and sixty children from 5th grade were divided into 2 groups(normal group and suboptimal group) according to the hematologic parameters of iron(RBC count, hemoglobin, serum ferritin). Normal group was composed of 71 male and 81 female and suboptimal group was consisted of 65 male and 43 female. Fat percentage of children from suboptimal group was 18.9%, which was significantly lower than 22.1% of normal group(p<0.05). TST and MAC of suboptimal group were also lower than those of normal group(p<0.05). Mean intakes of energy, protein, thiamin, riboflavin, iron were lower than those in normal group(p<0.05). suboptimal female students showed 1197.6 kcal of energy intake(63.0% of RDA) and 0.56 mg of thiamin intake(56% of RDA). Mean RBC count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, ferritin(p<0.01) and FEP(p<0.05) of suboptimal group were lower than those of normal group. Thirty-nine point seven percent of children from suboptimal group was observed with having gastrointestinal disease which was significantly higher than 22.1% of normal group.
Child* ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Iron* ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Riboflavin

The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of 5th grade school children with iron depletion or iron depleted anemia with simultaneously assessing their general nutritional status. The anthropometric measurements, nutrient intake, and biochemical status of iron were measured for 261 school children from 5th grade residing in low income area of Pucheon. The mean height and weight of male were 138.7 cm and 33.6 kg respectively and were significantly lower than those of female. Mean fat percent, triceps skinfolds thickness and arm circumference were 21.4%, 13.7 mm and 22.2 cm for female and were significantly higher than 19.1%, 11.4 mm, 21.4 cm of male respectively. The intake on vitamin A and calcium were 46.4% and 47.7% of RDA for male and 36.6% and 44.9% for male respectively. The energy intake, carbohydrate, thiamin, niacin, ascorbic acid of male were significantly higher than those of female respectively. The mean daily intake of iron were 7.5 mg for male and 7.3 mg for female and were not significantly different. The mean biochemical indices of iron nutritional status were not significantly different between male and female expect free erythrocyte protoporphyrin(FEP) and FEP : hemoglobin ratio. The proportion of male assessed by serum iron(<70 microgram/dl), Hb(<12g/dl), Hct(<36%), FEP(<70 microgram/dlRBC) were 25.4%, 8.4%, 0.8%, 1.8% respectively and 23.2%, 8.4%, 3.4%, 1.0% for female respectively.
Anemia ; Arm ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Child* ; Energy Intake ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status* ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Vitamin A

This study was performed to assess the lead and cadmium status of children residing in urbanfactory area and to see if there is a difference of lead and cadmium status between the group with normal iron status. The mean lead concentration of male hair was 9.55ppm which is significantly higher than 6.61 ppm that of female. The mean lead concentration of male urine sample was 0.04ppm, 10.3ppm and 48.14 microgram/L, which is higher than 0.08ppm, 6.08ppm and 20.69 microgram/L of normal group, respectively. In a suboptimal group the proportion of children whose urinary lead is higher than normal(35 microgram/L)was 87.3%, whereas 2.5% for a normal group. The mean cadmium concentration of male hair was 2.58ppm, which is higher than 2.48ppm that of a female. The mean cadmium concentration of erythrocyte, hair and urine was 0.25ppm, 2.65ppm and 38.83 microgram/L, which is higher than 0.20ppm, 2.40ppm and 19.78 microgram/L of the normal group, respectively. The proportion of children whose urinary cadmium level is higher than the low limit of risk of cadmium intoxication(40 microgram/L) was 21.4%, whereas 0% for a mormal group. Urinary lead and cadmium level showed significantly negative correlation with the RBC count, hematocrit, hemoglobin and serum ferritin, whereas they had significantly positive correlation with FEP/Hb(p<0.01). There was no correlation between the IQ and the level of lead and cadmium.
Cadmium* ; Child* ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Ferritins ; Hair* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Iron* ; Male

The purpose of this study was to determine biochemical parameters related to protein and immunity. Subjects were 125 preschool children(M:69, F:56) residing in low income area of Seoul. Mean serum total protein of the children aged 6 was 7.3g/dl which was significantly higher than 6.6g/dl of the group aged 3. The mean serum albumin was 4.7g/dl for 3, 4, 5 age group, and 4.9g/dl for 6 age group and there was no significant difference. Serum retinol binding protein(RBP) is used as a sensitive indicatior of protein, becase it tends to fall rapidly in response to protein status and respond to quickly dietary treatment. Mean RBP for each group(3, 4, 5 and 6 age group) were 2.5 microgram/dl was 15.9%, 19.2%, 24.3% and 16.7%, respectively. The 24-hour urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was 7.9 mg, 14.6 mg, 11.7 mg and 11.8 mg for each group and the mean excretion of all children was 12.2 mg/day. Children aged 3 were excreting significantly lower amount of hydroxprolinc per day than the children aged 4. The mean hydroxyproline index were 2.18, 2.39, 2.52, 2.80 for each age group and the mean of a group aged 6 was significantly higher than that of the group aged 3. The proportion of children assessed as malnourished and impaired growth(hydroxyproline index<2.0) was 18.8%, 4.9%, 2.5% and 4.3%, respectively. The nutrients which showed significant relationship with protein and immunity parameters were niacin, vitamin C and calcium. Vitamin C showed significant positive relationship(p<0.05-p<0.01) with serum RBP, total protein and globulin. The triceps skinfold thickness was significantly and positively correlated with serum globulin. Serum IgG showed significant positive relationship with height, weight, girth of chest and midarm circumference(p<0.05-p<0.01).
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Complement C3 ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status* ; Seoul ; Serum Albumin ; Skinfold Thickness ; Thorax ; Vitamin A

The nutritional status of 125 preschool chidren(Female : 56, Male : 69) residing in low income area of Seoul was surveyed. The mean family size was 4.3 and the mean monthly income was 921,000 won which was below the poverty level. Average heights of boys aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 were 98.6 cm, 106.1 cm, 111.9 cm and 116.0 cm and those for girls were 99.4 cm, 106.4 cm, 110.9 cm, and 116.0 cm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the height of boys and girls. The proportion of children showing stunted growth(<90% of Korean standard of height) was 3.2%. The mean weight of boys for each age group(3, 4, 5, 6) were not significantly differient from that of girls. The proposetion of children assessed as moderately underweight (<80-90% of Korean Standard of weight) was 10.4% and 3.2% of children was underweight(<80% of weight standard). The group of children aged 3 were taking adequate energy, whereas the mean energy intake of children aged 4.5 and 6 were wirthin 77.3-78.6% of RDA. The proportion of energy derived from carbohydrate, fat and protein was 60.1%, 24.6% and 15.3%. The high proportion of energy derived from fat seems partly due to high energy intake from fat in the snack. The nutrients which did not meet 75% of the RDA were vitamin A and calcium for children aged 5, and iron for children aged 3 to 5. Carbohydrate intake was positively correlated with the height, weight and girth of chest(P<0.05-P<0.001). There was positive correlation between protein intake and weight, girth of chest and BMI, respectively(P<0.05). Iron intake showed positive relationship with height, weight and BMI(P<0.05).
Anthropometry* ; Calcium ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Energy Intake ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Nutritional Status* ; Poverty ; Seoul ; Snacks ; Thinness ; Thorax ; Vitamin A

This study aimed to estimate the effect of the home based food supplying program in single living female elderly on the basis of depression, Health and Nutrition Risk Index, dietary attitude and dish consumption frequencies. The Food Supplying Program was carried out for 8 months for 27 single living female elderly from lower income status in Bucheon city. Main supplied foods were consisted with soymilk, vegetables, fruits and fish. The effect of the food supplying program were analyzed for 22 elderly who completed the program (group supplied with food : GSF) compared to the group not supplied with food (GNSF). The results of this study were as follows: Degree of depression estimated with depression score and Health-Nutrition Risk Index were decreased and the scores of dietary attitude and behaviors were increased for GSF after 8 months. However these improvements were not shown in the GNSF. GSF showed significantly increased consumption frequencies in soybean milk, tangerine, stir fried anchovy and yogurt, where as GNSF was observed with the decreasing trend in most of the dishes. In conclusion, home based food supplying program for single living female elderly not only increased the consumption frequencies of some dishes but also improved depression rate, Health and Nutrition Risk Index and dietary behavior concomitantly.
Aged* ; Depression ; Female* ; Fruit ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Milk ; Soybeans ; Vegetables ; Yogurt

This study was performed to investigate the kinds of health food advertised and sold through media like printed matter, TV broadcasting or internet. It was found that fifty three percent of the health food was circulated through internet, 27% through printed matter, 9% through TV Broadcasting. When the health foods was classified, the proportion of special purpose nutritious foods was 36.1%, health aid foods 33.9%, uncooked powdered foods 18.5%, functional foods for health 4.9%, Ginseng products 3.9%, and tea 0.9%. The special purpose nutritious foods was composed of 59% of nutrition supplementary foods, 24% of dietary fiber foods, 9% of weaning foods, 7% of milk formula and 2% of HCA. Vegetable extracts occupied 21.1% of health aid foods, yeast 7.5%, mushroom extracts 7.0%, chitosan 6.2%, aloe 5.3%. Dried powdered type health food occupied the highest proportion. The other type were capsule(18.8%), tablet(18.1%), and liquid type(16.4%). When the health food was classified with health claim, the proportion of "nutrition supplementation" was the highest (23.9%), "diet" 14.9%, "ergogenic"(18.8%), "promoting bowel movement" 7.8%, "growth" 5.7%, "regulation of blood sugar" 4.5%, "improving of immunity"(2.4%) and anti-aging effect(2.4%).
Agaricales ; Aloe ; Chitosan ; Classification* ; Dietary Fiber ; Functional Food ; Food, Organic* ; Internet* ; Mass Media* ; Milk ; Panax ; Tea ; Vegetables ; Weaning ; Yeasts

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of bone density according to age and the prevalence rate of osteoporosis I 613, middle-aged women who visited Saint Bundo Hospital in Pusan from June to December, 1997. Mean bone density of lumbar spine(L2L4), and femoral neck of 50-59 years of age was significantly lower than those of 40-49 years of age(p<0.05). At the 60years of age, mean bone density of two sites were less than those of 50-59 years of age. Mean bone density of lumbar spine tin the group of sixties were 20.7% lower than that of group aged under 40 ; For femoral neck, women in their sixties showed 22.6% lower density compared to the women aged under forty. Bone density of ward's triangle of sixties were the least, which was 34.2% lower than that of group aged under 40. Bone density in lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter and ward's triangle correlates strongly with each other(p<0.001). The proportion of osteoporosis was 3.6% in the group of forties, 10.9% in the group of fifties and 33.8% for the group aged over 60, which was assessed by bone density of lumbar spine. Bone density of lumbar spine, femoral neck and ward's triangle were positively correlated with height, weight and BMI(p<0.001~p<0.01), and weight showed highest correlation with the bone density. Forty-four percent of variation in lumbar spine bone density was explained by age and weight.
Bone Density* ; Busan ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Middle Aged* ; Osteoporosis* ; Prevalence* ; Saints ; Spine ; Tin

This study was designed to investigate the obesity rate with anthropometric indices, nutritional status and serum lipid levels of 260 school children from 5th grade of elementry school residing in Puchon city. Obesity was defined as fat percentage that exceeds 25%. The prevalence rate of obesity were 15.2% for male and 14.1% for female. Mean fat percentage, BMI and Rohrer indice of obese male were 30.3%, 21.0 and 150.2 respectively and 28.0%, 21.5 and 151.9 for obese female. Mean serum TG, apo-B of obese female was significantly lower than that of non-obese. Obese male did not show any difference in serum lipid levels. The proportion of students whose serum cholesterol levels exceed 170mg/dI, which is cutoff point of bordeline for coronary artery disease, was 12.0% for male and 15.6% for female. The major factors affecting nutritional status were the amount of living expense, existence of mother's job and the regularity of having breakfast. Children who's living expense more than 500 thousants Won showed lower intake of Iron, vitamin A, thiamin, niacin and ascorbic acid(p<0.05). Children who's mothers are having a job were observed with decreased height(p<0.05). Children having breakfast regularly showed increased BMI and Rohrer indice than those of children having breakfast often of never.
Apolipoproteins B ; Breakfast ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Eating* ; Feeding Behavior* ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Mothers ; Niacin ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity* ; Prevalence ; Vitamin A