To examine the association of hypertension with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose and dyslipidemia in Korean urban population, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 3027 men and 2127 women age 20-85 years who visited a prevention center between May 1991 and June 1995 for a multiphasic health check at St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul. By the self-administered questionnaire, the informations of educational attainments, monthly income, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical excercise level were obtained. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The fasting blood sugar(FBS), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyme method. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated by 'total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - triglyceride/5'. For testing the differences of cardiovascular risk factors between hypertension and normotension group, t-test and x2 test were performed and for the age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension in persons with obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia compared with normal, logistic regression was performed by using SAS pakage programme. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Age, weight, body mass index, blood glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride of hypertension group in men and women were significantly higher than normotension group, but height and high density lipoprotein of hypertension group only in women significantly lower than normotension group. The frequency of obesity (body mass index > or =25 kg/m2), abnormal glucose (> or = 120 mg/dl), hypercholesterolemia (> or =240 mg/dl), lower HDL cholesterol (<45 mg/dl in women only), higher LDL cholesterol (> or =160mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (> or =250 mg/dl) in hypertension group of men and women were significantly higher than normotension group. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with hight, but positively with age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in men and women. And BMI was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride but negatively with HDL cholesterol. 3. The odds ratios of hypertension were as follows in men and women : among persons who were obese compared with those nonobese, 2.53 (95% Confedence Intervals [C.I.] 2.08-3.07) and 2.22 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.87); among persons who were abnormal glucose compared with those normoglycemic, 1.43 (95%C.I 1.13-1.82) and 2.01 (95%C.I 1.36-2.94); and among persons who were dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or lower HDL cholesterol or higher LDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridemia) compared with those normal lipid, 1.59 (95%C.I 1.30-1.95) and 1.51 (95%C.I 1.16-1.96). After combined more than one risk factor, the odds ratios were increased. Among persons with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia, the odds ratio of hypertension was 2.25 (95%C.I 1.47-3.37) in men and 3.02 (95%C.I 1.71-5.30) in women. In conclusion, it was suggested that hypertension was associated with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, dyslipidemia in this Korean urban population.
Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias* ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension* ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Lipoproteins ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Obesity* ; Odds Ratio ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Urban Population*

PURPOSE: Telomerase is known to play a role of adding repetitive parts to chromosomal ending and to be involved in carcinogenic process through cell immortalization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate that restraining of telomerase activation can have killing effect on cancer cell and enhance susceptibility of cancer cells to anticancer substance. METHODS: The killing effect on melanoma cells was studied by using recombinant adenovirus that makes it possible to inhibit telomerase from getting activated, with such targets as two types of melanoma cell lines. This recombinant adenovirus was used combined with cisplatin, one of the most representative anticancer medicine to evaluate enhancement in susceptibility of cancer cells to anticancer substance. RESULTS: From the result of cytotoxic assay, it is found that melanoma cells have much resistance to cisplatin on the whole. In the case of using Ad-OA of recombinant virus alone, killing effect on melanoma cells was insignificant. On the other hand, when Ad-OA was used in combination with cisplatin, susceptibility of melanoma cell lines to cisplatin was enhanced. CONCLUSIONS: Ad-OA, recombinant adenovirus, could be used as a supplementary medicine in the targeted cancer gene therapy against cancer cell lines resistant to cisplatin.
Adenoviridae* ; Cell Line* ; Cisplatin* ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Hand ; Homicide ; Melanoma* ; Telomerase

We report one case of bilateral testicular torsion. A 400 gm male infant, born by cesarean section due to induction failure at 42 weeks gestation, was hospitalized at 9 days of age secondary to bilateral testicular mass. Physical examination revealed an healthy baby with enlarged, firm, nontender mass on both sides of the scrotum. Transillumination of the mass showed no transmission of light. Laboratory data included a normal CBC and a urinalysis. Ultrasonogrophy showed well encapsulated 0.9 x 0.9 x 1.0 cm sized and 1.5 x 1.3 x 1.3 cm sized homogenous hypoechoic solid mass in left and right testicles respectively, remainder testicular parenchyme showed normal structure. Exploration of the testes was performed at 25-days old under general anesthesia. Exploration revealed a infarction of the right testes secondary to spermatic cord torsion, evidenced by clockwise turns outside the tunica vaginalis of 270 degrees. Left testes was infarcted but a quarter of them seemed normal. Orchiectomy on right and fixation on left testes were performed respectively. Left spermatic cord seemed to be detorted spontaneously. Postoperatively the infant did well and discharged 5 days after operation. Follow up examination during the next 3 months have shown appropriated sized testicle with normal colorization and arterial pulse. Testicular scan performed at age 39 days showed good perfusion of left testes.
Anesthesia, General ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infarction ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Perfusion ; Physical Examination ; Pregnancy ; Scrotum ; Spermatic Cord ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; Testis* ; Transillumination ; Urinalysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.
Breakfast ; Curriculum ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Riboflavin ; Snacks

Atherosclerotic heart disease is a major source of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult populations. To assess the prevalence of anatomical and functional abnormalities of the heart in such patients, we studied total 50 subjects with atherosclerotic heart disease by echocardiography and compared with 27 control subjects. We found significant change(p<0.05) of aortic root dimension, left ventricular mass, mitral valve E-F slope, E-point septal separation, and functional measurements show significant change in ejection fraction and fractional shortening of left ventricle. Characteristically, abnormal septal movement reveals in 70% of patients including paradoxical, flat & diminished, hyperactive motion, and among them paradoxical movement is the most frequent. Also left ventricular posterior wall movement is abnormal in 30% of the patient group. The prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities is 80 percentile of total, which include 30 percentile subjects with only echocardiographic abnormalities without abnormality in 12-lead ECG, chest X-ray and laboratory findings. And these abnormalities can be detected well by echocardiography before they were otherwise apparent.
Adult ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart Ventricles ; Heart* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Thorax

Proliferating trichilemmal tumor is one of rare benign tumors of the skin appendages, considering as hamartoma of the terminal hair follicle, isthmic segment of the outer root sheath. We report a case of numerous proliferating trichilemmal tumors admixed with ordinary trichilemmal cysts with femilial history in 64-year-old man. He has total 157 lesions, which are chiefly located in scalp (48), back (32), and also face, neck, trunk, extremities. Histologically, the tumor is composed of irregularly arranged and ansatomosed trabeculae, lobules, or sheets of proliferated trichilemmal squamous epithelium with peripheral palisading of the basaloid cells. Several layers of squamoid or ovoid cells have PAS-positive clear cytoplasm. And it also shows abrupt amorphous, trichilemmal keratinization. Some squamous eddies with mild cellular atypism are associated, but definite invasion or other evidence of the malignancy is not found. usual multiple trichilemmal cysts are admixed with tumor and occasionally exhibit connection between them.
Cysts ; Hamartoma

Bronchiectasis means a permanent abnormal dilatation of one or more large bronchi owing to destruction of theelastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall. Radiological study is the most importat and mandatory procedure. Especially bronchography is essential for the definitive diagnosis of bronchiectasis and for theprecise delineation of the type and extent of the disease. The radiological and clinical findings of 48 cases ofbronchiectasis diagnosed by bronchography and treated at Chosun University Hospital during the 5 years fromJanuary 1980 to Dec. 1984 were analyzed retrospectively. The results were as follows; 1. Among the 48 cases, 34cases(70.8%) were male and 14 cases(29.2%) were female. Peak incidence was in second decade. 2. Chronic cough,productive sputum and hemoptysis are main symptoms and others are chest pain, dyspnea and recurrent bouts ofpneumonia. The most common physical sign is persistent moist rales over the involved area in 23 cases(47.9%).Others are no sign in 17 cases(35.4%), wheezing in 11 cases(22.9%) and digit clubbing in 3 cases(6.3%). 3. Thepresumed causes were composed of not known in 30 cases(62.5%) and complications of measles in 7 cases(14.6%),pertusis in 5 cases(10.4%) and pneumonia in 4 cases(8.3%). Two cases were Kartagener's syndrom and unilateralhyperlucent lung. 4. Plain chest roentgenographic findings were abnormal in 42 cases(87.5%) but normal in 6cases(12.5%). The most common radiological findings was accentuation of lung markings in 36 cases(85.7%) theothers are include in order of frequency; pneumonic infiltration, linear radiolucencies, cystic radiolucencies,decreased affected lung volume air-fluid level and pleural thickening. 5. Bilateral bronchiectasis was demonstrated in 11 cases(22.9%) and the disease was much more often involved left lung than right. The mostcommonly involved lobe is left lower lobe, and the most common site of involvement was the posterior basal segmentof the lower lobe. The type of bronchiectasis is cylindrical in 22 cases(45.8%), varicose in 11 cases(22.9%),saccular in 9 cases(18.8%) and mixed type in 6 cases(12.5%)
Bronchi ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchography ; Chest Pain ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Male ; Measles ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Sounds ; Retrospective Studies ; Sputum ; Thorax

A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the effects of CNS prophylaxis with 1,800 cGy cranial irradiation on standing height growth of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Seventeen longterm survivors (DFS over 5 years ) of ALL and Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma who had been admitted at pediatric department of Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital from January 1982 to September 1988 were studied. The long term survivors were divided into two groups by prophylactic treatment modality; intrathecal chemotherapy alone (Group I, 7 cases), intrathecal chemotherapy with cranial irradiation (Group II, 10 cases). The heights of each groups were compared normal standard growth of the sane aged children by mean SD score (The SD score was calculated with the use of the following formula). SD score=(x-x)/SD (x; height measurement, x; mean height for age of the normal population SD; standard deviation). The results were as follows; 1) The mean SD scores of Group I and Group II at diagnosis were -0.30 and -0.17, which were smaller than height of normal child. 2) In Group 1, the mean SD scores after the end of treatment were -0.14 of 1 year, 0.03 at 2 years and 0.01 at 5 years, which suggests that were normal height velocity and catch-up growth in these patients (P<0.05). The height of 1 year after the beginning of treatment were particularly smaller than that of the normal children (P<0.05). 3) The mean SD scores 5 years after the end of treatment were 0.10 in Group I and -0.17 in Group II, which shows strong tendency to statistical difference among these two groups. If larger numbers of patients are evaluated, it, however, may turn significant. In conclusion, 1,800 cGy cranial irradiation in ALL children significantly affects on height growth. We recommend to evaluate growth hormone for patient with 1,800 cGy cranial irradiation and to treat them with growth hormone.
Child* ; Cranial Irradiation* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Survivors

Congenital subglottic stenosis of the larynx is one of the most common cause of chronic airway obstruction im infancy and childhood. It is defined as narrowing of the space bounded inferiorly by the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage amd superiorly by the insertion of the fibers of the conus elasticus into the true vocal cords. In case we experienced was a female full-term baby delivered by Cesarean section. The stenosis was believed by hypertrophy of stromal soft tissue and cricoid cartilage in the subglottic area. The lesion was associated with tracheoesophageal fistula of H1 type. A brief review of the literature was done.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

In the beginning of anesthetic training, one of the clinical practices that anesthetists have to learn is manually controlled ventilator techniques. The popularity of manually controlled ventilatory techniques has been gradually decreased with increased use for anesthetic ventilators. However it is important and basic for the anesthetists to master manually controlled ventilator techniques skillfully. Recently, we analyzed the arterial blood gas in 30 cases before and during general anesthesia, and studied the effects of the manually controlled ventilation on the pulmonary gas exchange. The results were as follow; 1) Mean value of PaCO₂ during the manually controlled ventilation, 29.9±2.0 mmHg was decreased statistically comparing with that of PaCO₂ before the anesthesia, 39.8±2.8 mmHg. 2) Mean values of pH and HCO₃⁻ during the manually controlled ventilation were 7.48±0.03, 22.2±2.4 mEq/1, respectively and values before the anesthesia were 7.41±0.02, 25.2±1.8 mEq/1, respectively. 3) Mean value of PaO₂ and O₂ saturation during the manually controlled ventilation were 270.0±28.8 mmHg, 99.6±0.2%, respectively and values before the anesthesia were 92.5±4.0 mmHg, 96.9±1.0%, respectively. These results indicates that manually controlled ventilation at our department of anesthesiology produced mild hyperventilatory state. However these were no significant changes in cerebral blood flow and other biochemical parameters.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthesiology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange ; Ventilation* ; Ventilators, Mechanical