Porencephaly is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a cavitary hole extending from the cerebral mantle to the ventricle of the brain and covered by leptomeningeal membrane. It is now generally believed that the porencephaly represents a fetal or neonatal destructive process of the neural tissue. Authors experienced an autopsy case of bilateral porencephaly in a 35-day-old Korean male infant who died of sepsis. The brain weighed 150 gms and morphologically well formed except for two large symmetric defects at the fronto-parietal region. These defects were characterized by cleft-like shape, covering the entire cerebral mantle with resultant direct communication between ventricular cavity and leptomeninges. Thin leptomeningeal trabeculae were covering the cavity. There was a smooth transition between ependyma and roof of the defects. There are focal, microscopic cerebral infarct and abscess without connection with the cavitary lesion. The remaining central nervous system was unremarkable.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

In order to elucidate the biological effects of pulsating magnetic field in in vitro culture system we designed a pulsating magnetic apparatus using 120 Hertz, 24 Volt direct current. It can generate 63~225 Gauss in the experimental area of 90 mm petri dish, and has little thermal effect on the culture media in 37.5oC, 5% CO2. Human osteogenic sarcoma (HOS) cells were cultured in the pulsating magnetic field and the nuclear changes of cultured cells were observed routinely by hematoxylin staining, and apoptotic change was detected by ApopTag staining using both peroxidase and fluorescein labelings. Compared to the control group which formed well organized whorling pattern of HOS cell line in 3 days culture, the HOS cells cultured in the pulsating magnetic field for 12 hours or 24 hours grew irregularly and showed increased number of apoptotic cells. When the flow of pulsating magnetic field was interrupted by insertion of strong permanent magnetic bar (1000 Gauss, 5530 mm) beneath the petri dish during in vitro culture, the area of sparse pulsating magnetic field showed active proliferation and aggregation of HOS cells even in 24 hour exposure group. These data suggest that the pulsating magnetic field may play a role in inducing growth retardation and apoptosis of HOS cells. Furthermore, the hazardous effects of pulsating magnetic field can be lessened or nullified by the interruption of pulsating magnetic field with a strong permanent magnetic bar.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line* ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Fluorescein ; Hematoxylin ; Humans* ; Magnetic Fields* ; Osteosarcoma* ; Peroxidase

In 1929, Bailey first described an intracranial sarcomatous tumor as a term of perithelial sarcoma. The term of microgliomatosis was introduced by Benedek and Juba, 1941. In recent period, malignant lymphoma was widely used rather than many other terms such as reticulum cell sarcoma, malignant reticulosis, etc. An autopsy case of microgliomatosis was presented. She was a 33-year-old woman with headache, ataxia, memory disturbance, defecation and micturition difficulty. She was relatively well until 3 months earlier before admission. She visited first St. Vincent Hospital due to memory disturbance, and a tumor was found in her left frontal lobe by CT scanning of her brain. She was transferred to Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital for further evaluation of the tumor mass. She ws given steroid therapy and somewhat improved in her symptoms. By follow-up CT scannings, the tumor could not be found. Her general conditions were progressively deteriorated and died on 85th day of her admission. Brain limited autopsy was performed. The external features of her brain were grossly unremarkable. Cut surfaces revealed multiple ill-defined grayish white masses, especially on deep white matter of left frontal lobe, left cingulate gyrus and white matter together with medial side of basal ganglia. The definite size was not able to be measured, but the largest one in left frontal lobe was about 2.5cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumors have many characteristics of microgliomatosis, such as perivascular arrangement of tumor cells and concentric reticulin condensation. These microscopic features were seen not only in grossly visible masses but also in other areas, almost all cerebral hemispheres. Literature review on microgliomatosis and a case report were done.
Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Chromium ; Copper ; Zinc

The aim of this study was to develop various types of a dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ) for estimating the habitual sodium intake and to evaluate the validity of a 125 item dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ 125) with the DFQ 70, DFQ 36 and DFQ 15. For the DFQ 125, one hundred and twenty five dish items were selected based on the information of sodium content of a one serving size, consumption frequency and dish items that contributed most to the variation of sodium intake. Frequency of consumption was determined through nine categories ranging from more than 3 times a day to almost never to indicate how often the specified amount of each food item was consumed during the past 6 months. The sodium intake estimated with DFQ 125 was 5775.0 +/- 3636.3mg, 12.6% higher than that estimated with a 24 hr urine analysis (5009.7 +/- 1541.9mg) and significant correlation was observed between them (r = 0.3315, p < 0.001). When sodium content in broth leftover was subtracted from the total intake, the actual sodium intakes was decreased to 5309.6 +/- 3076.6mg, which was 3.2% higher than that with a 24-hr urine analysis. Overall, 56% of subjects in the lowest quintile of sodium intake computed with DFQ 125 were also in the lowest of adjacent quintile while categorization into the opposite quintile were 4.9%. DFQ 70 was developed from DFQ 125 by omitting the food items not frequently consumed, selecting the dish items that showed higher sodium content per one portion size and higher consumption frequency. The sodium intake estimated with DFQ 70 (5026.6 +/- 3107.1mg) showed only 0.2% difference from that estimated with a 24-hr urine analysis, significant correlation with it (r = 0.3199, p < 0.001) and higher proportion of subjects to be classified into the same or adjacent quintile. The sodium intake estimated with DFQ 36 or DFQ 15 was also significancy correlated with that estimated with a 24-hr urine analysis (r = 0.3441, p < 0.001; r = 0.321, p < 0.001 respectively) and more. The proportion of subjects was classified into the same or adjacent quintile. However, the actual sodium intake estimated with DFQ 36 or DFQ 15 were 3534.0 +/- 1804.6mg and 2508.0 +/- 1261.5mg, respectively, 31.3% or 51.3% less than that estimated with a 24-hr urine analysis. It seems the DFQ 125 with subtraction of sodium content in broth leftover or DFQ 70 can be used quantitatively to estimate sodium intake of adults. DFQ 36 or DFQ 15 can be used as a screening tool or to assess the changes of sodium intake after nutrition education.
Adult* ; Education ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Portion Size ; Serving Size ; Sodium*

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of color Doppler scoring system in characterization of ovarian masses. We performed transabdominal or transvaginal color Doppler sonopaphy on 82 women with ovarian masses and analyzed the sonographic findings. Ovarian lesions were assessed by means of morphological and color Doppler scoring system by Kurjak. Tumors were characterized by ultrasonographic findings as benign or suspected of being malignant. Then the results of each scoring systems were correlated with histopathological findings. The results were as follows; Of 82 ovarian masses, 64 were benign lesions(13 mucinous cystadenomas, 16 endometriomas, 20 teratomas, 8 serous cystadenomas, and 13 other abnormalities), and 18 were malignant(12 cancers and 6 borderline tumors). The color Doppler scoring system was useful in distinguishing malignant from benign masses, with a sensitivity of 88.2%, compared with the morphological scoring system of 86.7%. The specificity of color Doppler and morphological scoring system were 95.4% and 92.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of combination of both scoring systems was 88.9%, with a specificity of 96.9%. In conclusion, color Doppler scoring system is a useful tool in predicting the malignancy of ovarian lesions especially combined with morphological scoring system.
Cystadenoma, Mucinous ; Cystadenoma, Serous ; Diagnosis* ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Teratoma ; Ultrasonography

About 5% of patients with SCLC have the ectopic production of ACTH. Ectopic ACTH production of SCLC is suspected when patients of SCLC have unexplained metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia. Most patients lack the classic feature of Cushing's syndrome. According to the recent report, they have poor prognosis, which median survival is less than 4 months and associated with a high rate of complication during chemotherapy. Also a case of paraneoplastic CRH production with SCLC can mimic the ectopic ACTH syndrome hut it can be distinguished by immunohistochemistry or direct measurement of serum CRH level. We report here a case of small cell lung cancer associated with Cushing's syndrome of ectopic ACTH production. That is immunohistochemically provened by staining with ACTH.
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone* ; Alkalosis ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

A 3 year and 3 months old boy with recurrent infections since his age of 5 months was presented with clinical data and autopsy findings. He was the 4th product of healthy parents. His elder brother died of recurrent perianal abscess and sepsis at his age of 3 years. His 2nd elder sister died on the 14th day of life probably from the complication of BCG vaccination. Beginnig with perianal abscesses at his age of 5 months, he has been continuously suffering from recurrent infections such as arthritis, ostomyelitis, pneumonia, epididymitis, subcutaneous abscesses and perianal abscesses. In spite of meticulous supportive and aggressive antibiotic therapy persistent positive cultures for staph. Aureus, klebsiella, E. Coli, Enterococcus and coliform bacilli from different sited were noted. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 25 to 40 were constant. White cell count varied frem 15500 to 33400 with polymorphonucleocytes predominance. NBT test showed persistent low scoring of 2% throught the course. He finally died of pneumonia and empyema. At postmortem examination, multiple abscesses and grnulomas of right lung and multipe granulomas in the liver, spleen, lymph node, bone, marrow, adrenal gland, kidney and intestinal wass were noted. At microscopic examination histiocytic granulomas with lipid containing histiocyte infiltrations were noted in every organs described including brain.
Abscess ; Adrenal Glands ; Arthritis ; Autopsy ; Blood Sedimentation ; Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Cell Count ; Empyema ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Enterococcus ; Epididymitis ; Granuloma ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic* ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney ; Klebsiella ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Parents ; Pneumonia ; Sepsis ; Siblings ; Spleen ; Vaccination

Extraperitoneal inguinal endometriosis often presents as an inguinal mass in women of reproductive age, Approximately 40 cases of inguinal endometriosis have been documented in the sutgical and gynecological literature. The overall incidence is in the range of 0.4% of patients with endometriosis. The right side is much more commonly involved than the left (almost 90% of the time in one series of 23 patients), and rarely is the condition bilateral. The most frequent complaint of patients with inguinal endometriosis is an inguinal mass, followed by pain and enlargement of the mass near menstruation. Authors have experienced two cases of endometriosis of the extraperitoneal portion of the round ligament of uterus and report with a brief literature review.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Menstruation ; Round Ligament of Uterus* ; Uterus

We report a case of recurrent occlusion of laser iridotomy (LI) sites after a Visian ICL (Implantable contact lens version 4, Staar Surgical AG, Nidau, Switzerland) implantation. A 45-year-old woman had bilateral ICL implantation after placement of two peripheral LI sites in each eye to prevent pupillary block. At one month after the operation, severe narrowing or occlusion of four LI sites occurred. After this, although she received four additional LIs at postoperative months 1, 6, 9 and 10 in both eyes, the narrowing or occlusion recurred. Mild chronic anterior chamber inflammation was observed intermittently throughout the follow-up period. We performed clear lens extraction in both eyes (at postoperative month 11 in the left eye and month 26 in the right eye) due to recurrent occlusion of the LI sites and excess trabecular meshwork pigment deposition presumably caused by the four repeated LIs. Recurrent obstruction of LI sites can occur after ICL implantation. These problems were unresolvable despite four repeated laser iridotomies. The risks associated with anterior uveitis must be considered when planning an ICL implantation.
Female ; Humans ; Iridectomy/*methods ; Iris/*surgery ; *Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/*adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; *Phakic Intraocular Lenses ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/pathology ; *Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Trabecular Meshwork/pathology ; Uveitis, Anterior/etiology