Empathy is an essential factor for establishing therapeutic relationship. Especially for pediatric nursing, the nurses need to know how to perceive children's feeling and thought and to express her understanding about them affectively. So, empathy is considered as an important concept in pediatric nursing. This study was attempted to measure the empathic ability of pediatric nurses by pediatric nurse and mothers of hospitalized children. The subject of this study consisted of 83 pediatric nurses and 106 mothers of hospitalized children in 4 hospitals in Seoul and 1 hospital in Kyung-Gi. Data were collected from Jan. 14 to Feb. 6, 1997, by the questionnaire method. The instrument for this study was the Empathic Construct Rating Scale : ECRS(60-item, 5 point scale). Data Were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Pediatric nurses perceived their empathic ability to be moderately high(Mn=3.71) The level of perceived empathic ability of the pediatric nurses showed no significance by general characteristics. 2. The mothers of hospitalized children perceived nurses' empathic ability to be moderate(Mn=3.27). The level of perceived nurses' empathic ability of the mothers of hospitalized children showed significant differences by the experience of hospitalization of the children and the age of the mothers. 3. The perceived nurses' empathic ability of the mothers was significantly low than of the pediatric nurses(t=6.50, P<.001). From the above results, it can be concluded. that the empathic ability of the pediatric nurses is not sufficient for caring children and mothers efficiently. So, the pediatric nurses' empathic ability is needed to improve through facilitative relationship training as refreshment in-service education program.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Education ; Empathy* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Mothers ; Pediatric Nursing ; Seoul ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Calcium* ; Phototherapy*

The study was conducted to compare the quality life (QOL), health perception and self efficacy of the ostomates by the fecal control type. The study sbjects included 128 ostomates in Pusan, Daegu, Daejon and Incheon branches of the Korean Ostomy Association. Data collection was performed for 27 day periods from September 10th to October 6th. 1988. The instruments used in this study were the OL scale developed by Bang (1991). the health perception scale developed by Ware and translated to Korean by Lee (1987), the self efficacy scale developed by Kim( 1995). The analysis of the data was done by the use of descriptive statistics. Chi-square test, ANCOVA and Pearson Correlation with the SAS program. The results of the study are summarized below. 1. Only age was a significant difference between the two groups(p=.014). 2. The ostomate-related characteristics which showed significant differences were the number of participations in the ostomate meetings each month(p=.001). the care manager(p=.017), the number of defecations(p=.001). problems with the colostomy(p=.003), the duration of the ostomates(p=.00l). These variables were controlled using the ANCOVA. 3. The first hypothesis. "There will be differences at the level of the QOL according to the fecal control type" was supported(F=7.87, p .0059). 4. The second hypothesis. "There will be differences at the level of health perception depending on the fecal control type" was supported (F =8.68, p = .0039). 5. The third hypothesis, "There will be differences at the level of self efficacy depending on the fecal control type" was supported(F=4.58. p=.0344). 6. There were significant positive correlation between the QOL and health perception(r= .8225. p=.0001), and self efficacy(r=.6356, p=000l). From the above results, it can be concluded that colostomy irrigation is a good method to improve the QOL, health perception and self-efficacy. Therefore, colostomy irrigation is an important method for rehabilitation nursing use in the care of ostomates.
Busan ; Colostomy ; Daegu ; Daejeon ; Data Collection ; Health Status ; Incheon ; Ostomy ; Quality of Life* ; Rehabilitation Nursing ; Self Efficacy

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a nursing intervention using sensory stimulation in dysphagic patients. Quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest desigr, was used. 15 patients of each group were assigned for this study, who were hospitalized in the oriental medicine hospital of K. University. Specific stimulation plans were devised based on a dysfunctional area of the subjects. For each modality. subjects were systematically stimulated for 30 minutes. in the experimental group prim to each meal and 3 times per day for a week. The data were analyzed by SPSS PC program using chi2test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Mann-Whitney U test. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The tongue contra! score of the experimental group is greater than that of the control group(u=52.0. p= .007). 2. The score of chewing ability. lip control swallowing ability of the experimental group is greater than that of the control group But no difference is statistically seen between the experimental group and control group. Therefore, this study shows that sensory stimulation using icing. quick stretch. etc., was effective in improving oropharyngeal function in patients with dysphagia.
Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Eating* ; Humans ; Lip ; Mastication ; Meals ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Nursing ; Stroke* ; Tongue

No abstract available.
Paraparesis* ; Spine* ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Social Adjustment* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Veterans*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypertension* ; Quality of Life*

No abstract available.
Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C Antibodies* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis*

OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate the fertilization rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or partial zona dissection (PZD) of human and hamster sperm into hamster oocyte in in vitro fertilization (IVF). In addition, the possibility of clinical application was evaluated by the comparison of usefulness and difference of these method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hamster immature oocytes were obtained from oviducts superovulated by PMSG and hCG, and hamster sperms were obtained from epididymis. The freezed human sperms were thawed before use. Fertilization were confirmed by two pronuclei, one pronucleus, swollen sperm head or/and two polar bodies at 7~8 hour after ICSI or PZD. RESULTS: The fertilization rates after ICSI and PZD of human sperm to hamster oocyte were 3.6%, 64.2%, 73.6%, and 55.6% for negative control, positive control, ICSI, and PZD respectively, suggesting that ICSI only showed improved fertilization rate (p<0.01). The fertilization rates after ICSI and PZD of hamster sperm to hamster oocyte were 11.1%, 51.2%, 39.6%, and 72.7% for negative control, positive control, ICSI, and PZD respectively, suggesting that PZD only showed improved fertilization rate (p<0.01). PZD showed significantly higher fertilization rate than ICSI (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As for the fertilization rate by ICSI and PZD using hamster oocyte in IVF, ICSI technique was considered to be more useful for human sperm and PZD technique for hamster sperm. Therefore, ICSI technique was considered more appropriate for experimental application using human sperm and hamster oocyte.
Humans