No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify the discriminating power of dissociation as defined by depression, obsession, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI; psychopathology) in patients with psychological trauma. METHODS: Participants were patients (N=114) from "S" clinic for psychological trauma. Data were collected from April to June 2014 through semi-structured interviews and self-reports using a modified Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events, Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), Beck Depression Inventory-2, Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory, and MMPI-2. RESULTS: Participants were grouped in to two groups depending on DES scores; dissociative (n=15) and non-dissociative (n=99). Depression, F-scale (infrequency), Ma (Hypomania), and Hs (Hypochondriasis) scale of MMPI correctly discriminated 86.8% of the sample. There were also significant differences in Obsession, K-scale (korrection), D (Depression), Hy (Hysteria), Pd (Psychopathic Deviate), Pa (Paranoia), Pt (Psychasthenia), Sc (Schizophrenia), Si (Social Introversion) scales of MMPI between two groups, but they were not significant discriminant factors. CONCLUSION: Future interventions for patients with high levels of dissociation and psychological trauma should focus on the prevention of suicide and chronic dissociation by assessing depression-related factors; suicidal behavior, impulsivity, aggression, and alexithymia. Therapists should also interpret patients' MMPI profiles carefully, especially in the presence of an extremely elevated F-scale.
Affective Symptoms ; Aggression ; Depression ; Dissociative Disorders ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Incidence ; Minnesota ; MMPI ; Obsessive Behavior ; Suicide ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The purposes of the study were to determine whether specific forms of childhood traumatic experience predicts post traumatic stress symptoms and dissociation and to investigate the mediating effects of bullying experience on forms of childhood trauma and post traumatic stress symptoms or dissociation. METHODS: Participants were patients (n=90) from "S" clinic for psychological trauma. Data were collected from January 2012 to January 2013 through semi-structured interviews and self-reports using a modified Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events, Korean Version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and Dissociative Experience Scale. RESULTS: The participants showed high rates for childhood trauma and high scores on post traumatic stress symptoms and dissociation, and 38.9% of participants self-reported experiencing more than three types of trauma. Physical abuse was found to be a significant predictor of post traumatic stress symptoms and dissociation. It was also found that bullying experience partially mediated the association between physical abuse and post traumatic stress symptoms or dissociation. CONCLUSION: Future interventions for patients with childhood trauma should focus on assessing the possibility of dissociation. As boys and girls who experienced physical abuse in childhood are likely to be victims of bullying, school counselors should assess their support system and refer to mental health professionals as necessary.
Bullying* ; Counseling ; Dissociative Disorders* ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Mental Health ; Negotiating* ; Self-Assessment ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of adult attachment in the relationship between eating psychopathology and depression among patients with eating disorders. METHODS: Patients (N=146) who visited a clinic for eating disorders participated in the study. Data were collected from December 2017 to February 2018 using the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). RESULTS: The subjects showed high scores on eating psychopathology (drive for thinness 15.02±5.11, bulimia 11.77±5.27, and body dissatisfaction 14.16±7.82), adult attachment (attachment avoidance 37.31±6.18 and attachment anxiety 16.63±5.38), and depression (24.26±10.81), and 65.1% of the participants showed above a moderate level of depression. There were significant correlations among eating psychopathology, adult attachment, and depression. We also found that adult attachment fully mediated the association between eating psychopathology and depression. CONCLUSION: Future interventions for patients with eating disorders who have experienced insecure attachment with their primary caregiver should focus on forming a therapeutic relationship with the therapist. In addition, family therapy might contribute to lowering attachment insecurities and depression by recovering the attachment between the patients and their parents.
Adult ; Anxiety ; Bulimia ; Caregivers ; Depression ; Eating ; Family Therapy ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Parents ; Psychopathology ; Thinness

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional survey was undertaken to examine the differences of BSE (breast-self examination) performance and health beliefs between Korean and Korean-American women and to identify which factors influence the BSE based on the HBM variables. METHOD: The study subjects were recruited from both Korea(189 women) and Cleveland in Ohio, USA(146 women). The HBM variables were measured using a reliable and valid Health Belief Model Scale. The subjects were also asked whether or not they did a BSE in the last year. RESULT: The Korean-American women who performed the BSE was statistically higher than that of Korean women. Regarding to the BSE-related health belief, the scores of benefits, confidence, and health motivation was significantly higher in Korean-American. After controlling for living places, age, education, and job, barriers and confidence variables significantly explained the BSE performance of Korean and Korean-American women. CONCLUSION: There was a differences in BSE-related health belief and performance between Korean and Korean-American women. Among health belief variables, barriers and confidence were core variables predicting the BSE performance of Korean and Korean-American women together.
Adult ; Aged ; Asian Americans/*psychology ; Attitude to Health/*ethnology ; Breast Neoplasms/*psychology ; Breast Self-Examination/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/ethnology ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: The present study investigated the psychosocial health of disease-free breast cancer survivors who receive health examinations compared to matched non-cancer controls in a community setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used baseline data from the Health Examinee cohort, which is composed of subjects participating in health. The disease-free breast cancer survivors were defined as those who were ≥ 2 years from initial diagnosis of breast cancer who had completed treatment. Females without a history of cancer were randomly selected at 1:4 ratio by 5-year age groups, education, and household income as a comparison group. We analyzed results from the Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form (PWI-SF) as a psychosocial health measurement. RESULTS: A total of 347 survivors of breast cancer and 1,388 matched controls were included. Total scores on the PWI-SF were lower in breast cancer survivors than matched non-cancer controls (p=0.006), suggesting a lower level of psychosocial stress in breast cancer survivors. In comparison to the control group, prevalence of drinking, smoking and obesity were lower, while exercising for ≥ 150 min/wk was higher in breast cancer survivors (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that breast cancer survivors have better health behaviors than their noncancer controls. After adjusting for other sociodemographic variables, breast cancer survivors were 36% less likely to be included in the stress group (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.42 to 0.98). CONCLUSION: The disease-free breast cancer survivors resuming daily life demonstrated better psychosocial health status compared to matched non-cancer controls.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Survivors*

No abstract available.
Dendritic Cells* ; Gallbladder*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) and to analyze the relationship between the risk factors of MS and medical cost of major diseases related to MS in Korean workers, according to the scale of the enterprise. METHODS: Data was obtained from annual physical examinations, health insurance qualification and premiums, and health insurance benefits of 4,094,217 male and female workers who underwent medical examinations provided by the National Health Insurance Corporation in 2009. Logistic regression analyses were used to the identify risk factors of MS and multiple regression was used to find factors associated with medical expenditures due to major diseases related to MS. RESULT: The study found that low-income workers were more likely to work in small-scale enterprises. The prevalence rate of MS in males and females, respectively, was 17.2% and 9.4% in small-scale enterprises, 15.9% and 8.9% in medium-scale enterprises, and 15.9% and 5.5% in large-scale enterprises. The risks of MS increased with age, lower income status, and smoking in small-scale enterprise workers. The medical costs increased in workers with old age and past smoking history. There was also a gender difference in the pattern of medical expenditures related to MS. CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion programs to manage metabolic syndrome should be developed to focus on workers who smoke, drink, and do little exercise in small scale enterprises.
Female ; Health Expenditures ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; National Health Programs ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Exanthema* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

To achieve early detection of HIV infection, physicians must be aware of symptoms related to HIV infection. Dermatologists, in particular, can play an important role, because more than 90% of patients infected with HIV will develop at least one type of dermatologic disorder, which may be the first indicator of the existence of infection. A 26-year-old male presented with a one-year history of intractable pruritus associated with multiple excoriations and small ulcers. Initially, his condition clinically resembled adult atopic dermatitis. However, no improvement was observed despite treatment including narrowband ultraviolet B (UVB), antihistamine, and topical and systemic corticosteroid. After a week, the patient developed seizures and was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the brain. HIV testing was performed, and the patient was revealed to be HIV-positive. He began highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and the pruritus and skin condition improved dramatically. Herein, we report a case of HIV infection for which the presenting sign was intractable pruritus.
Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Brain ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; HIV Infections* ; HIV* ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Male ; Pruritus* ; Seizures ; Skin ; Ulcer