Tooth transposition is a rare dental anomaly in which two adjacent teeth develop and erupt in altered positions. It is often associated with other dental abnormalities, such as congenitally missing or peg-shaped lateral incisors. This case report presents 3 pediatric patients diagnosed with complete unilateral transposition of the maxillary canines and peg-shaped lateral incisors. In all cases, the transposed teeth were aligned in altered positions to minimize potential complications, such as root resorption. Orthodontic traction and alignment were performed, resulting in satisfactory tooth alignment without significant complications.

This retrospective study evaluated the 24-month survival rates of second primary molars after treatment of ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molar with the Halterman appliance. Patients diagnosed with ectopic eruption at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Chosun University Dental Hospital and three private pediatric dental clinics between January 2017 and December 2021 were included. This study involved 113 children (66 boys and 47 girls) aged 5 to 9 years, utilizing electronic medical records and panoramic radiographs for evaluation. Survival analysis of second primary molars was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression models. The findings indicated that the degree of root resorption significantly influenced survival rates, with 24-month cumulative survival rates of 90.9% for grade 1, 88.6% for grade 2, 68.9% for grade 3, and 33.3% for grade 4. The risk of premature loss was approximately 8.7 times higher in grade 4 compared to grade 1. No significant correlation was found between the survival rates and factors such as patient age, mesial angulation of the permanent first molar, or gingival emergence status of the permanent first molar. This study emphasizes the critical need to evaluate root resorption in second primary molars and to carefully consider anchorage design in the treatment of ectopically erupted permanent first molars, highlighting directions for further research.

Tooth transposition is a rare dental anomaly in which two adjacent teeth develop and erupt in altered positions. It is often associated with other dental abnormalities, such as congenitally missing or peg-shaped lateral incisors. This case report presents 3 pediatric patients diagnosed with complete unilateral transposition of the maxillary canines and peg-shaped lateral incisors. In all cases, the transposed teeth were aligned in altered positions to minimize potential complications, such as root resorption. Orthodontic traction and alignment were performed, resulting in satisfactory tooth alignment without significant complications.

This retrospective study evaluated the 24-month survival rates of second primary molars after treatment of ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molar with the Halterman appliance. Patients diagnosed with ectopic eruption at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Chosun University Dental Hospital and three private pediatric dental clinics between January 2017 and December 2021 were included. This study involved 113 children (66 boys and 47 girls) aged 5 to 9 years, utilizing electronic medical records and panoramic radiographs for evaluation. Survival analysis of second primary molars was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression models. The findings indicated that the degree of root resorption significantly influenced survival rates, with 24-month cumulative survival rates of 90.9% for grade 1, 88.6% for grade 2, 68.9% for grade 3, and 33.3% for grade 4. The risk of premature loss was approximately 8.7 times higher in grade 4 compared to grade 1. No significant correlation was found between the survival rates and factors such as patient age, mesial angulation of the permanent first molar, or gingival emergence status of the permanent first molar. This study emphasizes the critical need to evaluate root resorption in second primary molars and to carefully consider anchorage design in the treatment of ectopically erupted permanent first molars, highlighting directions for further research.

Tooth transposition is a rare dental anomaly in which two adjacent teeth develop and erupt in altered positions. It is often associated with other dental abnormalities, such as congenitally missing or peg-shaped lateral incisors. This case report presents 3 pediatric patients diagnosed with complete unilateral transposition of the maxillary canines and peg-shaped lateral incisors. In all cases, the transposed teeth were aligned in altered positions to minimize potential complications, such as root resorption. Orthodontic traction and alignment were performed, resulting in satisfactory tooth alignment without significant complications.

This retrospective study evaluated the 24-month survival rates of second primary molars after treatment of ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molar with the Halterman appliance. Patients diagnosed with ectopic eruption at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Chosun University Dental Hospital and three private pediatric dental clinics between January 2017 and December 2021 were included. This study involved 113 children (66 boys and 47 girls) aged 5 to 9 years, utilizing electronic medical records and panoramic radiographs for evaluation. Survival analysis of second primary molars was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression models. The findings indicated that the degree of root resorption significantly influenced survival rates, with 24-month cumulative survival rates of 90.9% for grade 1, 88.6% for grade 2, 68.9% for grade 3, and 33.3% for grade 4. The risk of premature loss was approximately 8.7 times higher in grade 4 compared to grade 1. No significant correlation was found between the survival rates and factors such as patient age, mesial angulation of the permanent first molar, or gingival emergence status of the permanent first molar. This study emphasizes the critical need to evaluate root resorption in second primary molars and to carefully consider anchorage design in the treatment of ectopically erupted permanent first molars, highlighting directions for further research.

Although transfusion is a globally prevalent medical procedure, there are knowledge gaps among physicians due to inadequate education on this topic. Our study sought to evaluate the level of understanding and awareness among medical students at Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Asan, Korea regarding transfusion medicine and patient blood management (PBM). The findings revealed a critical need to strengthen areas of education related to alternative treatments for various types of anemia, the impact of underlying conditions on anemia, and the implementation of PBM strategies in non-emergency situations. This underscores the imperative need for expanded and improved educational programs to ensure optimal patient outcomes and the safe use of blood products.

Many medical institutions have adopted a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) for the effective management of hemorrhagic shock. However, in medical institutions where severe trauma patients are infrequently admitted, the use of MTP is rare, potentially leading to deficiencies in staff proficiency and confidence when responding to severe hemorrhage events. This study introduced simulation training to improve staff skills and confidence and assess the current state of the MTP. Healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, medical technologist, and support staff from emergency medical center and blood bank, participated in two simulation training sessions.The Red Blood Cell (RBC) turnaround time (TAT) failed to meet the 5-minute target in both sessions, with recorded times of 10 minutes and 9 minutes, respectively. The fresh frozen plasma (FFP) TAT exceeded the 20-minute target in the first session but achieved the goal with a time of 19 minutes in the second session. Consequently, the RBC TAT target was adjusted to a more realistic 10 minutes. Operational changes, such as installing a blood product refrigerator in the emergency department and prioritizing MTP activities, were suggested to further reduce TAT. Simulation-based training can improve compliance with MTP procedures and increase staff confidence. For institutions where MTP activation is infrequent, regular simulation training and the dissemination of educational materials are crucial to ensuring a prompt and accurate response in actual severe hemorrhage events.

Breast cancer is the most common type of female cancer. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is widely used to decrease breast cancer recurrence and mortality among patients. However, it also increases the risk of endometrial cancer. This study aimed to assess knowledge and decisional conflict regarding tamoxifen use. Between June and October 2014, breast cancer patients using tamoxifen were consecutively screened and requested to complete a survey including the EQ-5D, Satisfaction with Decision Scale (SWD), Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), and a self-developed, 15-item questionnaire measuring tamoxifen-related knowledge. The study sample comprised 299 patients. The mean total knowledge score was 63.4 of a possible 100.0 (range, 13.3-93.3). While 73.9% of the participants knew that tamoxifen reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence, only 57.9% knew that the drug increases endometrial cancer risk. A higher education level (> or =college) was associated with a higher, total knowledge score (beta = 4.291; P = 0.017). A higher knowledge score was associated with a decreased DCS score (beta = -0.366; P < 0.001). A higher SWD score was also associated with decreased decisional conflict (beta = -0.178; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the breast cancer patients with higher levels of tamoxifen-related knowledge showed lower levels of decisional conflict regarding tamoxifen use. Clinicians should provide the exact information about tamoxifen treatment to patients, based on knowledge assessment results, so as to aid patients' decision-making with minimal conflict.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/epidemiology ; Consent Forms/*statistics & numerical data ; Decision Making ; Endometrial Neoplasms/*chemically induced/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Patient Education as Topic/*statistics & numerical data ; Patient Participation/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Assessment ; Tamoxifen/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare posterior tooth inclinations, occlusal force, and contact area of adults with different sagittal malocclusions. METHODS: Transverse skeletal parameters and posterior tooth inclinations were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography images, and occlusal force as well as contact area were assessed using pressure-sensitive films in 124 normodivergent adults. A linear mixed model was used to cluster posterior teeth into maxillary premolar, maxillary molar, mandibular premolar, and mandibular molar groups. Differences among Class I, II, and III groups were compared using an analysis of variance test and least significant difference post-hoc test. Correlations of posterior dental inclinations to occlusal function were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS: In male subjects, maxillary premolars and molars had the smallest inclinations in the Class II group while maxillary molars had the greatest inclinations in the Class III group. In female subjects, maxillary molars had the smallest inclinations in the Class II group, while maxillary premolars and molars had the greatest inclinations in the Class III group. Occlusal force and contact area were not significantly different among Class I, II, and III groups. CONCLUSIONS Premolar and molar inclinations showed compensatory inclinations to overcome anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy in the Class II and III groups; however, their occlusal force and contact area were similar to those of Class I group. In subjects with normodivergent facial patterns, although posterior tooth inclinations may vary, difference in occlusal function may be clinically insignificant in adults with Class I, II, and III malocclusions.